Mr. JAVORS. Well, in July 1950, I and several friends and associates decided that there was the need for a small independent union in the metropolitan area of New York. I, personally, was intimately familiar with the laundry industry, having worked there and having a strong family background in the laundry industry, and one of my associates, a Mr. William Evans, who had been in the check-cashing business, felt that there was a strong possibility for bank employees in the metropolitan area to be represented by an independent union. With that in mind, Federated Service Workers Union was formed in July of 1950. It was my primary purpose to see that the laundry industry was properly represented. During my association with Federated, a laundry local was, in fact, the strongest local in the organization, and I believe is still in that category.

Mr. KENNEDY. You formed the international called Federated Service Workers Union?

Mr. JAVORS. That is correct.

Mr. KENNEDY. You stayed with that union and with that organization some 7 or so years. Looking back on it, could you give us any summary of the situation and your own participation in it?

Mr. JAVORS. Well, in the beginning, of course, I had hoped that my participation would be to a much greater extent than it subsequently was. I had hoped that in addition to those motives which were sincere, to improve labor conditions in certain industries, I had hoped, too, that it could possibly be a source of income for me and my insurance business.

During my years of association with Federated, my activities in the insurance business became more extensive and more successful, to the extent that I devoted less and less time to Federated, and incidentally, with the exception of a small partial commission I received on one welfare fund case, I received absolutely no income whatever from Federated or any of its locals.

Mr. KENNEDY. One of those who came into the union, who set up this international union with you, was a man by the name of John Amalfitano; is that right?

Mr. JAVORS. That is correct.

Mr. KENNEDY. He will be a very important figure and a key witness, Mr. Chairman, as we go along.

He was in on the situation originally?

Mr. JAVORS. That is right.

Mr. KENNEDY. And subsequently he took over to a greater and greater extent the granting of the charters to various locals of the international union?

Mr. JAVORS. That is correct.

Mr. KENNEDY. The international union then proceeded over the next few years to grant charters out, to various industries; is that right?

Mr. JAVORS. That is right.

Mr. KENNEDY. And Mr. Amalfitano was one of those who played a very important role in the granting of the charters?

Mr. JAVORS. I would say so.

Mr. KENNEDY. He would come in with a group of people, come to you, and suggest that a charter be granted; is that correct? Mr. JAVORS. That is correct.

Mr. KENNEDY. When he did that, you never made an investigation yourself of the background of these people?

Mr. JAVORS. No. I relied on Mr. Amalfitano's assertions that all was in order.

Mr. KENNEDY. And the charters were then granted?

Mr. JAVORS. That is correct.

Mr. KENNEDY. Some of these charters, as it turned out, went to very dishonorable people, did they not?

Mr. JAVORS. We had one particular local we granted a charter to, namely Local 512 of the Messengers Union.

Mr. KENNEDY. That was a charter granted to Samuel Zakman and Nicholas Leone; is that right?

Mr. JAVORS. Í don't know any of the principals of that local, nor have I ever met any of them. But in my connection as an officer of Federated, during the existence of local 512, information was given to us that members of this local were engaged in dishonest and illegal practices.

Based on that, Federated revoked the charter for local 512, and subsequent to the revocation of this charter several of the principals of the local were indicted, and, I believe, imprisoned.

Mr. KENNEDY. That local is of some interest, Mr. Chairman, because it shows the activities of these people once again, and shows that they were not interested in the membership.

Samuel Zakman was one of those and Nicholas Leone was another one. Samuel Zakman we had here as a witness. He was a charter member with Johnny Dioguardi of local 102 in New York and turned over 102 to Johnny Dio. In 1954, he and Nicholas Leone gained control of this local. They were subsequently indicated and convicted of extortion and were sent to the penitentiary, to jail, Zakman for 2 to 4 years, and Leone for 1 to 2 years.

In that local they had working for them as organizers three men, Nathan Carmel, Aaron Kleinman, and-well, just these two. After this charter was lifted by this international, Carmel and Kleinman became business agents with a man by the name of Jack Berger, of local 512.

Local 512 then went in to become local 875 of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. At that place, these three men were all indicated for extortion and ultimately convicted. But in the meantime they set up local 275 of the Teamsters and local 275 of the Teamsters was one of the paper locals.

Both local 875 and local 275 of the Teamsters were controlled by Tony Ducks Corallo, according to the testimony that we had last year. So you can trace this back to Johnny Dioguardi, right up to the activities in the Teamsters Union in 1957.

You became president of the international union, did you? Mr. JAVORS. No; I was originally vice president, and about 3 or 4 years ago I was made secretary-treasurer.

Mr. KENNEDY. Where did they have their office?

Mr. JAVORS. At 141 Broadway, New York.

Mr. KENNEDY. Did you have your own separate office there?

Mr. JAVORS. No; it was a small sublet space, a little better than the equipment of desk space, but not much better.

Mr. KENNEDY. And you had a phone?

Mr. JAVORS. Yes; we did.

Mr. KENNEDY. Who answered the phone?

Mr. JAVORS. Whoever was available in the office. The phone didn't ring very often.

Mr. KENNEDY. After you did not receive the expected insurance business, you dropped out of the operation of the union more and more?

Mr. JAVORS. Well, I wouldn't put it in quite that light, because that might indicate my sole purpose in participating was for the insurance. But as I became more and more active in the insurance business, and certainly due to the fact that I received no income, be it in the form of insurance commissions or salaries from the union, I, of course, devoted less and less time to it.

Mr. KENNEDY. Who was made president originally?

Mr. JAVORS. William Evans.

Mr. KENNEDY. Why was he made president?

Mr. JAVORS. Well, he was instrumental. It was his thought to organize the bank tellers in the city of New York. Of course, very frankly, the name William Evans was a good name, shall we say, for the president of a union.

Mr. KENNEDY. You just thought it was a nice name?

Mr. JAVORS. That is right.

Mr. KENNEDY. You selected the man that was around with the nicest name and he became international president?

Mr. JAVORS. That is right.

Mr. KENNEDY. We have an affidavit from him, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. This affidavit may be printed in the record at this point.

Mr. KENNEDY. This is from William Evans. He says that he has been duly sworn and then he says:

I have been asked by Mr. Javors several months ago to appear as a witness before the Labor Board and to testify regarding some case that involves local 12 of the Laundry Workers Union.

Local 12 is part of your International

Mr. JAVORS. That is right.

Mr. KENNEDY. And it was the one local that was run by Mr. Amalfitano?

Mr. JAVORS. That is right. He was the business manager.

(The affidavit referred to follows:)

STATE OF NEW YORK,

County of Kings:

William Evans, being duly sworn, deposes and says that I am the president of Federated Service Workers' Union. I am making this affidavit at the request of Mr. Sol Javors.

I have been asked by Mr. Javors several months ago to appear as a witness before the Labor Board to testify regarding some case that involves local 12 of the Laundry Workers Union. At that time I told Mr. Javors that I knew nothing about the case and I refused to be bothered. I am a wage earner and am employed and I cannot spend any time testifying in any courts. I refused to accept any summonses to testify and instructed my wife not to accept any such papers.

I do not know anything about the case that is going on in the Labor Board. I do not know anything at all about the Arrow Linen Laundry. I do not know who owns the Arrow Linen Laundry or even where they are located. I do not know anything about the affairs of local 12, Laundry Workers Union. I do not know anything at all about the membership of local 12 or what shops or how

many shops they have contracts with. I do not know anything about the finances of local 12.

The

I am not active in the affairs of the Federated Service Workers Union. last meeting that I attended was in August 1953 at the election of officers. At that time I refused to run again for president but I was promised that if I accepted the office that I would have no active duties to perform. Since I am a working man and have to support my wife and family, I cannot spend any time at meetings or in union work. I have not attended any further meetings of the union although I have received several notices of meetings of the board of trustees of Federated.

I have no actual knowledge as to the granting of the application for a charter for local 12. I do not know who were the people who formed local 12. There is nothing that I can testify to other than I have stated in this affidavit.

I do not receive any salary from the Federated Service Workers Union. All its affairs are conducted by the secretary-treasurer, Mr. Javors, and its meetings are conducted by the vice president, Hexton Harden.

I have come up to the office of Mr. Javors to make this affidavit so that I would not be bothered any more about this Labor Board case or any other case. WILLIAM EVANS.

Sworn to before me this 31st day of July 1954.

SOL JAVORS,

Notary Public, State of New York, No. 41-7077400 Qual. in Queens County. Commission expires March 30, 1956.

Mr. KENNEDY. The same situation existed for the people that followed Mr. Evans, the presidents that followed Mr. Evans? They also just lent their names to it?

Mr. JAVORS. That is correct.

Mr. KENNEDY. There have been approximately 12 local charters issued by this international?

Mr. JAVORS. I would think that is a fair figure.

Mr. KENNEDY. There is the Bank Employees Union Local 10; and then the Journeymen Barbers Union Local 11. Do you know anything about that?

Mr. JAVORS. No. I know that was the first active union to be chartered. Local 10 never became active.

Mr. KENNEDY. Were you personally ever a barber?

Mr. JAVORS. No, I wasn't.

Mr. KENNEDY. Well, you have a statement here. The statement here says:

We, the undersigned, consisting of more than 10 people employed as journeymen barbers in the city of New York desire to form a union, and do hereby request the issuance of a charter for Journeymen Barbers Union local in the city of New York.

Your name appears on it.

Mr. JAVORS. I don't recall ever putting my name on it.

Mr. KENNEDY. You weren't a barber at the time?

Mr. JAVORS. I never have been.

The CHAIRMAN. I will ask you to look at your signature and see if you identify it.

(The document was handed to the witness.)

The CHAIRMAN. I have presented to you a document dated August 31, 1950, addressed to William Evans, president, Federated Service Workers Union.

State if you identify your signature on it or if it is not your signature.

Mr. JAVORS. That definitely is my signature.

The CHAIRMAN. You don't recall it?

Mr. JAVORS. I don't recall the circumstances of signing it. I know I have never been a barber.

The CHAIRMAN. You at that time were promoting unionism, obviously.

Mr. JAVORS. That is correct.

The CHAIRMAN. You were signing anything to get a charter and promote a union.

Mr. JAVORS. I don't recall the circumstances either of the signing, or why.

The CHAIRMAN. But you do recall that you are not, and have not, been a barber?

Mr. JAVORS. That is correct.

Mr. KENNEDY. There was the Bank Employees Local 10, Journeymen Barbers Local 11, Laundry Workers Local 12 and 12-A, Restaurant Local 14, Journeymen Barbers, again, local 15, Clerical Workers Union Local 16, Mechanical Workers Union No. 17, and Messengers Local Union No. 512. They really spread themselves around. Mr. JAVORS. That is right.

The CHAIRMAN. Make the document that I showed the witness exhibit No. 25.

(Document referred to marked "Exhibit No. 25" for reference and may be found in the files of the select committee.)

Mr. KENNEDY. Where would you have your meetings?

Mr. JAVORS. The meetings for Federated?

Mr. KENNEDY. Yes.

Mr. JAVORS. Well, the original meeting was held at the Labor Lyceum in Brooklyn. Subsequently we had a number of meetings at various restaurants, usually in Brooklyn. We had one meeting, I recall, at the St. George Hotel.

Mr. KENNEDY. You would have them in various restaurants, also? Mr. JAVORS. That is correct. On occasions there would be meetings in my office.

Mr. KENNEDY. This, actually, was just a paper union that handed out charters, was it not, as it turned out?

Mr. JAVORS. NO; I wouldn't put it quite as drastically as that. We were a small, independent union. Apparently, during my being with Federated, the only one of any success was local 12, the Laundry Workers local, and that, to my knowledge, has always functioned smoothly and properly.

Mr. KENNEDY. Do you think this idea of a group of people getting together and, without any office, just getting together and forming an international and granting local charters out as they see fit-do you think that is a proper way to proceed?

Mr. JAVORS. Well, in retrospect, certainly, I would say that if this committee accomplished nothing else but help to enact legislation which would prevent the easy and indiscriminate chartering of locals, I would call the contribution of this committee most worthwhile.

Mr. KENNEDY. That is exactly what was going on here, was it not? As you look back on it, that is. Maybe you did not realize at the