school in communities comparatively indifferent about good evening schools and of those in communities spending great energy in these institutions. Communities fail in the first place to maintain their own interest or that of the foreign born sufficiently to continue the provision for immigrant education. The mortality rate of special provision for immigrants is astonishingly TABLE III PLACES REPORTING PUBLIC SCHOOL PROVISION FOR FOREIGN BORN IN 1914-15, 1917-18, AND 1918-19 Places reporting provision in 1917-18, but not for 54 Places not responding 414 Places reporting provision in 1914-15, but not 71 Places not responding 462 Places reporting provision. 350 Places reporting continuance of provision in 246 Places reporting continuance of provision in 1918-19... 258 1917-18.. 1918-19 1914-15 Places reporting discontinuance of provision by Places reporting discontinuance of provision by Places not responding on status for 1917-18. Total number of places addressed.. high. Table III shows what provision existed in 1914-15, 1917-18, and 1918-19, respectively, in the places to which the inquiry of this Study was addressed. Of the 433 cities reporting facilities in 1917-18, fifty-four places reported "no provision” in 191819, a loss of one place in eight. But this regrettable mortality is compensated for somewhat by the number of new cities establishing such work, 125, or 30 per cent. Within a year more than two cities give up this work entirely to every five cities which start it. TEN CLASSES START, NINE STOP A similar regrettable turnover occurs in the total number of classes for the foreign born conducted in the 475 cities reporting to this Study for the years 1917-18 and 1918-19. TABLE IV PUBLIC CLASSES FOR THE FOREIGN BORN REPORTED FOR 475 CITIES IN 1917-18 AND 1918-19 Number of places reporting no change in number of classes. . 185 Total number of places reporting number of classes.. 475 The number of new classes was 731, while the previously existing number of classes which were not continued into this year was 630; this means that there were nearly nine classes discontinued to every ten started. Considerable variation is shown in the continuation of classes for foreign born from city to city. For the year 1918-19, an increase in the number of classes provided for immigrants was reported in 175 cities. The following table indicates the amount of increase or decrease by classes: TABLE V DISTRIBUTION OF INCREASE AND DECREASE IN NUMBERS OF CLASSES IN 1917-18 AND 1918-19 An increase of only one class appears for onethird of the cities, an increase of twelve classes in each of five cities, while increases ranging from twenty-one to forty-one classes occurred in six cities. For the same year decreases in classes were reported by 115 cities; however, a decrease of but one class occurred in more than twofifths of the cities, decreases from ten to thirteen classes appear in five cities. For seventy-six cities, the Study has records of the number of classes existing over a fouryear period. There are thirty-four places where the number of classes remained about the same or showed slight increase; twenty-four places show decreases, and eighteen show various fluctuations. These variations in the maintenance of classes indicate, for the several cities studied, extreme lack of uniformity in the provision of educational facilities for the foreign born. LARGE TURNOVER IN ATTENDANCE Attendance figures for a period of years attest the same impressive fluctuation. For the fortyfour places for which figures for four or more years were obtained, the ratio between the number of places showing a decrease and those maintaining or increasing attendance is 21 to 8. For fifteen cities great varieties of fluctuation in attendance were reported. In one Massachusetts town there was a decrease in attendance of 80 per cent in the six years from 1913-14 to 1918-19 inclusive, although the proportion of attendance to enrollment was steadily maintained above 80 per cent. On the other hand, in a town in Wisconsin, where the same high ratio of attendance to enrollment was found, there was an increase of 230 per cent in attendance in the same period. No doubt in both places special local causes conditioned the change in the numbers of foreign born coming to the evening schools. The important point is that in so far as numbers of entries in evening classes for a period of years could be obtained, they show no uniform progress either throughout the country or within communities during that time. In the various types of communities there is not only the same relative failure to enroll in evening classes, but the same disconcerting lack of persistency of attendance. The more efficient evening schools hold their students better than the less efficient, but not much better. One may set up rough laws of expectation as to what may happen when evening schools are opened in communities where immigrants are found in considerable numbers. Of the total number of immigrants whom the census returns designate as non-English-speaking, from 5 to 10 per cent may be expected to enroll. This is what happens when a reasonable amount of advertising has been done in the press, in the churches, at the moving-picture houses, and through similar agencies. The actual numbers that enroll seem impressive, but only so when one ignores the numbers that fail to do so. But after enrollment comes the dropping out, an occurrence which is uniform and disheartening. The numbers of |