ARTICLE XLI.

GUARDS.

441. The authorized Manual of Guard Duty is the guide in all matters relating to duties of guards not contained in these regulations.

442. Quartermaster's supplies and ordnance and ordnance stores required for strictly post or police purposes, or for use by the post or camp guard, will be supplied by the quartermaster and ordnance officer, respectively, on request from the officer of the day, approved by the commanding officer, and will be continued on the returns of the quartermaster or ordnance officer, as the case may require.

443. Articles so obtained will be duly entered under the direction of the officer who receives them on a list of " articles in charge." They will be carried on the list and verified daily under the direction of the officer of the day. When no longer fit for use they will be submitted, as the case may require, by the quartermaster or ordnance officer for inspection and, if condemned, disposed of as ordered.

ARTICLE XLII.

ROUTE MAPS AND JOURNALS OF MARCH.

444. The commanding officer of every body of troops ordered to march will detail a competent person, preferably a mounted commissioned officer, as topographer, whose special duty will be to prepare and preserve the field notes, sketches, and maps necessary for a complete record of the route traversed and adjacent points of military interest. The topographer will be relieved of such of his routine duties as interfere with this work. He will be furnished with such official maps and descriptive notes of the proposed route as may be available. Should these be adequate, the field work will be confined to marking thereon the route followed and adding such notes as may be required to complete the record. Where no maps are available or those furnished are inadequate, field maps to standard scales will be prepared. When necessary, selected enlisted men, preferably mounted, will be detailed to assist the topographer. The work will be done under the supervision of the commanding officer. For facility in reading, military maps are made according to a uniform system of scales and contour intervals, as follows:

1. One inch to 1 mile, vertical interval, 60 feet.

2. Three inches to 1 mile, vertical interval, 20 feet.

3. Six inches to 1 mile, vertical interval, 10 feet.

4. Twelve inches to 1 mile, vertical interval, 5 feet.

In general these scales and contour intervals are used as follows:

1. For route maps of extended marches, or of marches of large commands using several roads.

2. For ordinary route sketches and extended positions.

3. For position and outpost sketches.

4. For maps used in the war game, discussion of operations at maneuvers and in siege operations.

445. Field notes and maps of the route traversed each day will be completed the same day. In time of peace the original field notes and maps covering the entire march will ultimately be transmitted to the department engineer of the department in which it terminates for file and for use in the compilation of

new or the correction of existing military maps. In campaign these records will be disposed of as prescribed in Field Service Regulations.

446. Journals of march will be kept by the adjutant of the command or by an officer detailed for that purpose. The journal will contain an historical record of the march, facts as to equipment, clothing, supply, shelter, roads, weather, health of troops, and incidents of any kind that may have value. Journals of march pertaining to provisional commands will be forwarded to the headquarters of the department in which the march terminates for file; those of permanent organizations will be retained at the headquarters of the organizations to which they pertain. In campaign, journals of march are incorporated in or replaced by war diaries, as provided in Field Service Regulations. 447. Commanding officers will see that the organizations under their command are at all times fully supplied with the engineer reconnaissance equipment prescribed in orders of the War Department, that the equipment is in good order and repair, and that selected officers and enlisted men are instructed in its use. 448. Notebooks, blanks, and reconnaissance instruments are supplied by the Engineer Department as a part of the authorized equipment of companies, regiments, and other organizations. When such books or blanks can not be obtained, substitutes will be prepared conforming to the standard forms. General instructions for the use and preservation of instruments, the character of the observations to be made, and the methods of recording them will be found in the Engineer Field Manual or as notes printed in the record books or on the blanks supplied.

ARTICLE XLIII.

MILITARY EDUCATION.

449. The military educational system of the United States comprises: 1. The Military Academy at West Point for the education of cadets.

2. Post schools for the instruction of enlisted men.

3. At each military post a garrison school for the instruction of officers in subjects pertaining to the performance of their ordinary duties.

4. Service schools

a. The Army War College, Washington, D. C.

b. The Army Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

c. The Coast Artillery School, Fort Monroe, Va.

d. The Engineer School, Washington Barracks, D. C.

e. The Mounted Service School, Fort Riley, Kans.

f. The Army Medical School, Washington, D. C.

g. The Army Signal School, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

h. The Army School of the Line, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

i. The School for Bakers and Cooks, Washington Barracks, D. C.

j. The School for Bakers and Cooks, Presidio of San Francisco, Cal.

k. The Army Field Engineer School, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

7. The Army Field Service and Correspondence School for Medical Officers, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

m. The School of Fire for Field Artillery, Fort Sill, Okla.

n. The School of Musketry, Fort Sill, Okla.

0. The Signal Corps Aviation School, San Diego, Cal.

5. The military department of civil institutions at which officers of the Army are detailed under the provisions of law.

The detail of officers at these institutions is announced and the regulations governing the courses of instruction therein are issued in orders from the War Department.

ARTICLE XLIV.

THE ORGANIZED MILITIA.

450. The President's authority over the Organized Militia is derived from the Constitution and from the legislation of Congress in furtherance of its provisions, and he can call forth the militia in those cases which are specifically provided for by law. The Organized Militia then becomes national in character and the President its Commander in Chief.

The President is the exclusive judge of the existence of the emergency justifying the ordering out of the militia, and the measures necessary for giving effect to the order are executive acts which the Secretary of War may perform as the representative of the President.

451. The militia, when called into the actual service of the United States, is entitled to the same pay and allowances as are or may be provided by law for the Regular Army, and pay and allowances commence from the day on which the militia appears at the place of company rendezvous, but this provision can not be construed to authorize any species of expenditure previous to arriving at such places of rendezvous which is not provided by existing law to be paid after arrival at such places of rendezvous.

452. The home station of a militia organization will be known as its company rendezvous. The places of assembly for the Organized Militia of a State, Territory, or the District of Columbia designated by the governor of the State or Territory or by the commanding general of the District of Columbia Militia will be known as mobilization camps. A mobilization camp need not neces

sarily be under canvas.

Those places which are selected by the War Department, when war is imminent or has been declared, for the assembly of troops for joint operations or for embarkation will be known as concentration camps.

The officer of the Organized Militia of any State, Territory, or the District of Columbia who is authorized by existing law and regulations to disburse Federal funds will be known as the local United States disbursing officer.

453. Whenever any organization that is called forth is below the minimum prescribed by the President, it shall be immediately recruited to at least that standard before leaving its company rendezvous. No organization will be accepted into the service of the United States which, in the number of its officers or enlisted men, is below the minimum or above the maximum fixed by law or by the order governing the call.

454. Department commanders, under general directions from the War Department, will have charge of all matters pertaining to the mobilization of the Organized Militia within their territorial departments. They will order forward troops from mobilization camps to concentration camps as directed by the War Department. From the date on which mobilization of the Organized Militia is ordered all officers of the Regular Army on militia and college duty in a State, Territory, or the District of Columbia affected by the call will be under the orders of the commander of the territorial department in which they are serving.

455. From the day on which any portion of the Organized Militia ordered into the actual service of the United States appears at the place of company rendezvous it will be transported, subsisted, and supplied under the following plan:

1. (a) Governors of States and Territories and the commanding general of the District of Columbia Militia are required at all times to keep on hand, either at the various company armories or in suitable storehouses, a sufficient

supply of arms, uniforms, and equipment to completely equip for the field the minimum number of men prescribed by the President for each organization, so that on being called into the service any organization will be completely equipped from the stores on hand in the State, Territory, or the District of Columbia without calling on the War Department for assistance.

(b) Whenever an order or proclamation is issued calling the Organized Militia or any part thereof into the service of the United States the War Department will inform each governor concerned or the commanding general of the District of Columbia Militia of the maximum strength to which organizations will be recruited and the Federal supply departments concerned will ship at once to the senior mustering officers at the proper State mobilization camps, without requisition, sufficient arms, equipment, and clothing to enable the organizations so called forth to be fully armed and equipped at the war strength ordered.

2. (a) The militia authorities of the several States and Territories and of the District of Columbia will be responsible for rationing their Organized Militia from the time the organizations report at their respective company rendezvous up to the time they arrive at the concentration camp. For this purpose Federal funds will be placed to the credit of each local United States disbursing officer by the department quartermaster of the proper territorial department of the Regular Army as soon as the call for the Organized Militia is made.

The Chief of the Division of Militia Affairs will at all times keep the commander of each territorial department of the Regular Army informed of the names and addresses of the local United States disbursing officers of the Organized Militia within his department authorized to disburse Federal funds.

(b) An expenditure of 75 cents per ration is authorized for each day of actual service previous to the arrival of the Organized Militia, or any part thereof, at the State mobilization camps. The local United States disbursing officer will furnish the necessary funds. Settlement therefor will be made on Form No. 26, Division of Militia Affairs, accompanied by consolidated ration returns approved by the adjutant general of the State or Territory or of the District of Columbia Militia.

(c) The militia authorities of the several States and Territories and of the District of Columbia will purchase with United States funds five days' garrison rations, together with such of the authorized allowances of soap, candles, matches, toilet paper, and ice as may be required for the number of troops to be mobilized, and will be prepared to issue the same to troops upon their arrival at the mobilization camps. During the period the camp is occupied by troops, purchases of garrison rations will be made for short periods, anticipating as nearly as possible the needs of the troops up to the dates of their departure for concentration camps. The purchases of these supplies will be made in the same manner as similar purchases are made from United States funds at the annual militia encampments, and covered by a voucher drawn on Form No. 26, Division of Militia Affairs, which will show the receipt of the supplies by some proper accounting officer, payment therefor being made from the "Appropriation for the subsistence of the Army for the fiscal year 19-" by the local United States disbursing officer. All supplies so purchased will be taken up on the return of the proper quartermaster at the mobilization camp, copies of bills of sale or shipping invoices being filed as authority for this action. Issues will be made on ration returns (Form No. 223, Quartermaster Corps), submitted by regiments or other independent organizations in the manner prescribed in the Manual for the Subsistence Department. When leaving the State mobilization camp for the concentration camp, organizations will take with them any rations they may have on hand.

(d) The militia authorities of the several States and Territories and of the District of Columbia will make timely purchases, with United States funds, of sufficient travel rations to supply all troops en route to the concentration camps. (e) The authorized travel ration may be issued to organizations and detachments en route from the mobilization camps to the concentration camp. The purchase of this ration will be covered by a voucher drawn on Form No. 26, Division of Militia Affairs, which will show the receipt of the supplies by some proper accounting officer, payment therefor being made from the "Appropriation for the subsistence of the Army for the fiscal year 19-" by the local United States disbursing officer. All supplies so purchased will be taken up on the return of the proper quartermaster at the mobilization camp, copies of bills of sale or shipping invoices being filed as authority for this action. Issues will be made on ration returns (Form No. 223, Quartermaster Corps), submitted by regiments or other independent organizations in the manner prescribed in the Manual for the Subsistence Department, United States Army. Sufficient allowances will be made in the orders directing the issue of this ration to provide for delays incident to movements of troop trains.

(f) Upon arrival at concentration camps, rations are issued by United States Army quartermasters on presentation of ration returns (Form No. 223, Quartermaster Corps).

(g) In those cases where the State mobilization camp is at a garrisoned post of the Regular Army the responsibility of the militia authorities of the particular State, Territory, or of the District of Columbia will cease upon the arrival of their militia at such mobilization camps.

3. Before troops are sent to mobilization camps they should be carefully examined to detect the presence of infectious or contagious diseases, especially typhoid fever, measles, and mumps. Such examinations should preferably be made by a military medical officer, but in the absence of such an officer the services of the local health authorities should be sought.

4. The militia authorities of the several States, Territories, and the District of Columbia are responsible for transporting their militia to mobilization camps. The same general methods will be employed as in transporting organizations to summer camps for instruction.

The department quartermaster of the proper territorial department of the Regular Army will furnish local United States disbursing officers with whatever funds may be necessary. The quartermaster general of each State or Territory or of the District of Columbia Militia or an officer designated by the governor of the State or Territory or by the commanding general of the District of Columbia Militia will arrange a practical schedule for assembling the militia, together with all the necessary impedimenta, at the mobilization camp. These schedules will be revised each year and thus kept up to date.

5. Ammunition will be supplied under orders of the War Department upon arrival at concentration camps.

6. All serviceable military property in the hands of the Organized Militia which may be needed for camps or field service, including all wheel transportation, will be brought to the mobilization camps.

456. 1. When any portion of the Organized Militia is called into the service of the United States the proper militia authorities of the State, Territory, or the District of Columbia will arrange for the purchase of necessary fuel and forage in not to exceed authorized allowances and for the shoeing of the authorized animals pertaining to the militia called forth. Any wheel transportation that may be needed temporarily at company rendezvous or mobilization camps which can not be supplied from the equipment of the organizations will be hired.