Mr. St. Aidin Baylee, who recently, at St. John's Church, Birkenhead, was refused the Sacrament by the incumbent, the Rev. W. R. Jolley, for reasons which the latter based on Mr. Baylee's genuflexion as he approached the communion-rails, has received. a letter from the Bishop of Chester, in which his lordship says: "I wrote to the incumbent of St. John's that, so far as I was in possession of the circumstances, it appeared to me that he committed a grave mistake on the occasion."

Not every one that saith unto Me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of Heaven; but he that doeth the will of My Father which is in Heaven."-Matt. vii. 21. We must strive to do His will, asking humbly for 30 F -9 His aid, remembering that receiveth."-Matt. vii. 8.

Church and State Defence Association.

PROSPECTUS.

MANY Associations and Societies, composed of the Clergy and Laity combined, have been promoted with the laudable object of binding the two sections closer together in defence of the Established Chuch. In too many instances, however, there has unfortunately been a want of unison in their working, and this, causing a lack of sympathy and support, has either led to their early dissolution, or, in case of those still existing, to their being the representative, not of the Universal Church, but simply of a sectionEvangelical, Broad, or High, as the case may be.

In the present there is threatening a revolution, such as, without measures are taken to counteract the disturbing influences at work, must inevitably result in the destruction of the great bulwark of our religious liberties. It is therefore high time that all Churchmen and Churchwomen, whether High, Low or Broad, should in view of the danger, sink their smaller differences, and putting on the armour of God, unite together to destroy the common enemy.

The CHURCH AND STATE DEFENCE ASSOCIATION has been founded upon the broad basis thus indicated. It admits as Members all who by prayer or work aid in the accomplishment of its objects. Branches have been established all over the Kingdom and in the Colonies, and before the course of twelve months it is anticipated that it will number Six Million Members. This is the glorious army whose ranks you are solicited to join, and this is the great cause for which you are enjoined to spiritually fight the good fight.

The organization of the CHURCH AND STATE DEFENCE ASSOCIATION is perfect. It is a wonderful exemplification of the power of united prayer. At stated times the whole of the Members are enjoined to pray for a specific object. The organ of the Association-Church and State-gives weekly a Calendar of Subjects for each successive day's prayer. Thus each Member of the Association knows that he or she is but one of a mighty congregation, raising their hearts to God, and praying each in their own way for a common object. Is not this a glorious way to fight? and can any one doubt but that such a powerful army must conquer? Remember that "when two or three are gathered together in Thy Name, Thou wilt grant their requests."

In addition to being a DAILY CALENDAR of instructions for prayer for the week for which it is issued, Church and State contains Reports of Meetings held in London and elsewhere, exclusive general Church News, Articles by eminent Divines, Poetry, and New Hymns. Apart, therefore, from being a Daily Adviser and Spiritual Guide, it is an interesting and entertaining Family Journal. The subscription to the Association, entitling Members to enrolment as Associates, and to a copy of Church and State, post free every week, is 5/- per annum, payable in advance. There is no entrance fee or further liability of any kind. P.O.O. must be made payable to the Hon. Secretary Mr. J. Sidney Tomkins, and forwarded to him at the Offices of the Association, 5, Friar Street, Broadway, E.C. In return a Certificate of Membership as an Associate will be sent.

N.B.-Associates are invited to contribute to Church and State and the other publications issued by the Association.

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

EPPS'S

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24s. per dozen. Size 6ft. × 4ft.

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ADVOWSONS. Several unexceptional clients for Advow. sons with early and immediate possession. Money ready; also others for sale, prices £2,000 to £12,000.

EXCHANGES. Nearly 300 on the books. Strict confidence observed. No addresses given without permission.

CURACIES, LOCUM TENENS, &c. Good VACANCIES, for immediate filling. Apply with full particulars.

SUNDAY DUTY. Clergymen requiring Sunday or Temporary Help suited immediately.

TUTORIAL AND SCHOLASTIC. Successful Tutors for Army, Woolwich, and all the Competitive Examinations recommended; also Homes with Tuition for Invalid or Backward Children.

Loin Cloths for Horses, Driving Aprons, Leggings, &c.
A quantity of second hand Tarpaulings.
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Printed and Published for the CHURCH AND STATE DEFENCE ASSOCIATION, by the Charing Cross Publishing Company, Limited, at 5, Friar Street, Broadway, in the City of London, where advertisements are received and all communications are requested to be addressed, prepaid. Orders are received by all Newsagents and Booksellers in the United Kingdom. Saturday, August 24, 1878.

CHURCH & STATE.

No. 9.1

CONTENTS.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 31ST, 1878.

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must at least start from one accepted principle, that the Church is the Church of the people and that rich and poor are or should be equal in the sight of God when they approach Him in His house to do reverence unto His name. The system of paying rent 6 for pews not only brings the freedom of worship 7 down to the level of things bought at a price, but 10 has the great objection of being all in favour of the 11 rich man, while the poor man learns to think that the Church was not made "for the likes of them." Let any one visit a church that is under this system a few minutes before the service begins and he finds in front comfortably cushioned seats waiting for their owners to occupy at the last moment, while those who cannot afford to pay for a seat are put aside anywhere, however early they arrive; it would almost appear as if the poor must be kept as far in the background as possible in order that the better favoured parishioners may not suffer any inconvenience from their presence.

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There are few instances of the heartiness of the Church work at the present time so satisfactorily shown as the thoroughness of the effort to make our churches free and open, without pew rents, to all We cannot admit the argument of some who say comers, and it is a work to which we cannot refuse to that pews are necessary for family worship, for have give our best endeavours, so plainly is it connected we not always been taught that the congregation of with the position of the lower orders of society as a church meets together as one great family, recogregards the National Church; and if as we hope it nising no divisions of classess in its members? Is is carried out throughout the land, popular grievances there not a greater sense of unity, of Christian against the priesthood will lose the little ground they brotherhood, when we see in a great church all have to stand upon. This work we believe has worshipping on an equal footing, with nothing to been adopted by two societies and under their bring into the minds of any a feeling of inferiority, guidance it is already promising fulfilment. A few of not having the same right to a seat, or of not words on the subject must therefore be of interest to having the same share of the clergyman as another. those whose attention has only been called to the If we are to be a really National Church, providing question by the reports of occasional meetings. worship for all alike, we must not admit into our Established Church the corruptions which Dises

We are first struck by the various ways in which the question may be approached. There is the tablishment would bring, but throw all our churches purely religious side, the social side, the rich man's open, as we so often boast they are, that those of point of view and the poor man's point of view; the lower orders of society who think that the then, again, the question of supporting our clergy church is not the place for them, may learn that it comes forward, and we have to decide whether is truly the Church of the people, and free to the offertories are a better medium than pew-rents; but poorest of them as to the richest in the land. The from whatever standpoint we regard the subject we work is good, and must be done before any real

hended, must receive the support which it deserves, and cannot fail to be successful in detailed instances alone, but must become a recognised principle.

ADVANTAGES OF AN ESTABLISHED
CHURCH.

progress can be made. We rejoice to think that to the broader views of Church polity which are before long there will not be a church in England making the Church more than ever a great popular where the system of letting seats will be continued. institution, in which all classes of men are compreBut there is another important question which is connected with free and open churches. In some parishes, the clergyman is dependant almost entirely upon the proceeds of the pews for his means of subsistence, and it is sometimes said that voluntary offertories do not produce any sum which can take the place of the rents. But from the returns made by the London Free and Open Church Association we find that instead of a decrease, an increase in the figures is the result of the change which would doubtless be the case everywhere, for it is well known that voluntary gifts are always greater than compulsory taxes. Paying rent for a pew in church amounts to a tax upon the pockets of churchgoers. The poor man who cannot afford to pay any such tax can, and generally does, willingly contribute his mite towards the clergyman's expenses when called upon. Thus we find that the increase in forty-nine churches is considerably over £8,000, which unmistakeably shows that the clergy need not regard the movement as one opposed to their interests, and it becomes to their advantage to exert themselves in the good work of the parish, that they may be rewarded according to their merits. Not that we think a clergyman should simply work for his own profit; but there are inactive men in the Church, as in other professions, who will be none the worse for holding less sinecure positions, and who will work

when it becomes a necessity of their lives.

The movement is also one which is characterised by the absence of party. All Churchmen, whether High, Broad, or Low, enter into the schemes of the two associations who carry forward the work. And it may be remembered by some that John Wesley was an ardent upholder of entire freedom of worship, and the Ultra-Ritualists, and all Anglicans together, prefer the system of chairs to that of pews. If close churches belong to any section of Churchmen, it is to those who are the survivors of the age when the life of the Church lay dormant, and the progress of dissent rebuked the slothfulness of the clergy. But in this age, when our great object is to remove from the National Church all the blemishes which have given rise to so much discord, a movement such as this-a movement popular in its objects and adapted

lead its religious life and religious thought. For as 2. The nation, then, needs a Christian ministry to knowledge increases all thought changes. The spirit of man has an organizing energy whereby it assimilates the new ideas with the old, and, forming them into one compact system, makes that the point of departure towards fresh and untried fields of investigation. Some of the old ideas are thrown away as worthless, and the results of the newly-acquired ideas are tabulated and re-arranged with what of old is useful, so as to form a homogeneous system; and in this process of renovation, decay, and sysconsists. As the elements of thought acquire fresh tematic structure the very life of the spirit of man accessions, and new perceptions of truth take a permanent place among them, new analogies and distinctions begin to arise out of them, and fresh classifications begin to re-arrange themselves so as binations, and generate new mental conceptions. In to present themselves to the mind's eye in fresh comthis way the general principle under which we combine the facts we know are frequently changing and becoming more comprehensive in their grasp, and loftier in their range, giving to knowledge an everchanging symmetry. As we pass into the Temple of Truth, and press onward towards its inmost shrine, we get deeper and clearer views, as the dimensions open up, and our range is wider from a more commanding stand-point. Outside, before we enter the temple, we see even the most beautiful traceried windows and choice specimens of the work of man's hand "through a glass darkly," but when we have passed the vestibule, from within we see the design. and beauty of the architectural conception. Moreover, as the mind ranges into fresh fields of discoveries, the very effort required generates new habits of thought and application. And these habits develope efforts towards the acquisition of new lines of thought on other subjects, for the mind strives to unfold its power symmetrically, and preserve the unity of its life. Thus a man lives and thinks, knowledge increases, false opinion drops away, old truth is seen in new light, the old structure is changed by the new principle, and intellectual habits are stimulated by a healthful and mutual reaction. Moral ideas, too, change with the pro