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(b) A ship which is close-hauled on the port tack shall keep out of the way of a ship which is close-hauled on the starboard tack.

(c) When both are running free with the wind on different sides, the ship which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.

(d) When both are running free with the wind on the same side the ship which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the ship which is to leeward.

(e) A ship which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of the other ship.

Art. 15. If two ships under steam are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

This Article only applies to cases where ships are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk of collision, and does not apply to two ships which must, if both keep on their respective courses, pass clear of each other.

The only cases to which it does apply, are when each of the two ships is end on, or nearly end on, to the other; in other words, to cases in which, by day, each ship sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own; and by night, to cases in which each ship is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other. It does not apply by day to cases in which a ship sees another ahead crossing her own course; or by night, to cases where the red light of one ship is opposed to the red light of the other, or where the green light of one ship is opposed to the green light of the other, or where a red light without a green light, or a green light without a red light, is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead. Art. 16. If two ships under steam are crossing, so as to involve risk of collision, the ship which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.

Art. 17. If two ships, one of which is a sailing ship, and the other a steam ship, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam ship shall keep out of the way of the sailing ship.

Art. 18. Every steam ship when approaching another ship, so as to involve risk of collision, shall slacken her speed or stop and reverse, if necessary.

Art. 19. In taking any course authorised or required by these Regulations, a steam ship under way may indicate that course to any other ship which she has in sight by the following signals on her steam whistle, viz. :

One short blast to mean "I am directing my course to starboard."

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Two short blasts to mean "I am directing my course to port.

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Three short blasts to mean "I am going full speed astern." The use of these signals is optional; but if they are used, the course of the ship must be in accordance with the signal made.

Art. 20. Notwithstanding anything contained in any preceding Article, every ship, whether a sailing ship or a steam ship, over-taking any other, shall keep out of the way of the overtaken ship.

Art. 21. In narrow channels every steam ship shall, when it is safe and practicable, keep to that side of the fairway or mid-channel which lies on the starboard side of such ship.

Art. 22. Where by the above rules one of two ships is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course.

Art. 23. In obeying and construing these rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation; and to any special circumstances which may render a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

No Ship, under any Circumstances, to neglect proper precautions.

Art. 24. Nothing in these rules shall exonerate any ship, or the owner, or master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

Reservation of Rules for Harbours and Inland Navigation.

Art. 25. Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of a special rule, duly made by local authority,

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relative to the navigation of any harbour, river, or inland navigation.

Special Lights for Squadrons and Convoys.

Art 26. Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any nation with respect to additional station and signal lights for two or more ships of war or for ships sailing under convoy. SECOND SCHEDULE.

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RULE OF THE ROAD FOR STEAM SHIPS.

AIDS TO MEMORY, BY THOMAS GRAY.

Two Steam Ships meeting.

When all three Lights I see ahead,

I port my helm, and show my RED.

Two Steam Ships passing clear.

GREEN to GREEN-or RED to RED-
Perfect safety-Go ahead!

Two Steam Ships crossing.

NOTE. This is the position of greatest danger; there is nothing for it but good look-out, caution, and judgment.

If to my starboard RED appear,

It is my duty to keep clear;

To act as judgement says is proper :

To Port-or Starboard-Back-or, Stop her!

But when upon my Port is seen

A Steamer's Starboard Light of GREEN,

There's nought for me to do but see
That GREEN to Port keeps clear of me.

Both in safety and in doubt

I always keep a good look-out
In danger, with no room to turn,
I ease her!-Stop her !-Go astern!

APPENDIX F.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE MORTAR AND ROCKET APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE.

In the event of your vessel stranding within a short distance of the United Kingdom, and the lives of the crew being placed in danger, assistance will, if possible, be rendered from the shore in the following manner: namely,

1.—A rocket or shot with a thin line attached will be fired across your vessel. Get hold of this line as soon as you can, and when you have secured it, let one of the crew be separated from the rest, and, if in the day-time, wave his hat or his hand, or a flag or handkerchief; or, if at night, let a rocket, a blue light, or a gun be fired, or let a light be displayed over the side of the ship and be again concealed, as a signal to those on shore.

2.-When you see one of the men on shore separated from the rest, wave a Red Flag, or (if at night) show a Red Light, and then conceal it; you are to haul upon the rocket line until you get a tailed block with an endless fall rove through it.

3.-Make the tail of the block fast to the mast about 15 feet above the deck, or, if your masts are gone, to the highest secure part of the vessel. When the tail block is made fast and the rocket line unbent from the whip, let one of the crew, separated from the rest, make the signal required by article 1 above.

4. As soon as the signal is seen on shore, a hawser will be bent to the whip line, and will be hauled off to the ship by those on shore.

5.-When the hawser is got on board, the crew should at once make it fast to the same part of the ship as the tailed block is made fast to, only, about 18 inches higher, taking care that there are no turns of the whip line round the hawser.

6.- When the hawser has been made fast on board, the signal directed to be made in Article 1 above is to be repeated. 7.-The men on shore will then pull the hawser taut, and by means of the whip line will haul off to the ship a sling, cot, or life-buoy, into which the person to be hauled ashore is to get and be made fast. When he is in and secure, one of

the crew must be separated from the rest, and again signal to the shore as directed in Article 1 above. The people on shore will then haul the person in the sling to the shore, and when he has landed, will haul back the empty sling to the ship for others. This operation will be repeated until all persons are hauled ashore from the wrecked vessel.

8. It may sometimes happen that the state of the weather and the condition of the ship will not admit of a hawser being set up; in such cases, a sling or life-buoy will be hauled off instead, and the shipwrecked persons will be hauled through the surf, instead of along a hawser.

Masters and crews of stranded vessels should bear in mind that SUCCESS in landing them in a great measure DEPENDS UPON THEIR COOLNESS AND ATTENTION TO THE RULES HERE LAID DOWN; and that by attending to them many lives are annually saved by the Mortar and Rocket Apparatus on the Coasts of the United Kingdom.

The system of signalling must be strictly adhered to; and all women, children, passengers, and helpless persons should be landed before the crew of the ship.

APPENDIX G.

OFFICIAL LOG BOOK,

Being Pages 2 and 3, containing the Directions.

1. Masters of all British Merchant Ships (except Ships employed exclusively in trading between Ports on the Coasts of the United Kingdom) are bound by the Merchant Shipping Act, 1854, Section 280, to keep an Official Log Book in the form sanctioned by the Board of Trade; and such official Log may, at the discretion of the Master or Owner of any Ship, either be kept distinct from the ordinary Ship's Log, or be united therewith, provided all the blanks in the Official Log are duly filled up.

2. The importance of keeping this book properly, and duly making all the entries at the proper time, and with the strictest regard to form, cannot be too strongly impressed on Ship Masters. By neglecting to do so, they subject them.

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