31. Describe how you would take a chest of gold in ?

I would make a rope net bag, each part of the rope being capable of holding the weight of the chest. Take in the chest in this bag, with a line also attached to the chest. The bag must have a buoy and buoy line.

THE NEW LAW ON "CARRIAGE OF GRAIN,"

1880.

1. When will the new law apply to your ship?

When she loads with grain in the Black Sea or the Mediterranean, and is bound outside the Straits of Gibraltar; or if she loads grain on the Coast of North America. 2. What grain may be carried between the decks?

Between the decks, or if the ship has more than two decks, between the main and upper decks, only such grain in bulk as may be necessary for feeding the cargo in the hold, and this grain must be carried in properly constructed feeders.

3. What rule is laid down for ships that have not properly constructed feeders ?

That not less than one-fourth of the grain carried in the hold or compartment (as the case may be) shall be in bags, supported on suitable platforms laid upon the grain in bulk.

4. There are certain exceptions to this. State them.

1. To oats or cotton seed.

2. To sailing ships of less than 400 tons registered tonnage, if not engaged in the Atlantic trade.

3. To a ship in the Mediterranean or Black Sea, if the ship is divided into compartments by substantial transverse partitions, and is fitted with longitudinal bulkheads or proper shifting boards, and if she does not carry more than 1500 quarters in any one compartment or division; and that each division of the lower hold is fitted with properly constructed feeders from the between decks.

4. If the grain is only one-half of the whole cargo, the rest being cotton, wool, &c. or other suitable cargo, so stowed as to prevent the grain shifting.

5. Must shifting boards be used?

Yes, whether the grain is in bulk or bags, unless you have a properly constructed longitudinal bulkhead.

6. Where are these shifting boards to be placed ?

From deck to deck, or from the deck to the keelson, fore and aft, and must be properly secured; and if the grain is in bulk, must be fitted grain-tight with proper fittings between the beams.

7. What kind of boards should they be?

3-inch deals.

8. How are these shifting boards secured?

Some ships have single stanchions, with a hook for the boards to fit into; but in most cases the stanchions are double, and the boards between them.

9. What are the three things to be seen to in loading grain ?

That it is properly stowed, trimmed, and secured.

THE NEW RULE OF THE ROAD.

Anchor Lights.

1. If you were at anchor in a roadstead or fairway, at night, what lights would you have?

One white light. (Art. 8.)

2. Where would you have it?

Where it could be best seen. (Art. 8.)

3. At what height should it be?

Not to exceed 20 feet above the bull. (Art. 8.)

4. What kind of a lantern should it be?

Globular, 8 inches in diameter. (Art. 8.)

5. Over how many points of the horizon should it show? All round. (Art. 8.)

6. And how far should it be visible ?

At least one mile. (Art. 8.)

Under Way Lights.

7. If you got under way at night in a sailing vessel, what lights would you have?

:

Two red to port, green to starboard. (Arts. 6 & 3.) 8. Over how many points should each show?

Ten from right ahead to two points abaft the beam. (Arts. 6 & 3.)

9. How far should they be visible?

At least two miles.

(Arts. 6 & 3.)

10. Should they be fitted with screens ?

Yes. (Arts. 6 & 3.)

11. On which side?

Inboard side. (Arts. 6 & 3.)

12. Of what length ?

At least 3 feet from the light, forward. (Arts. 6 & 3.) . 13. And how should they be placed?

So that the lights cannot be seen across the bows. (Arts. 6 & 3.)

14. If you get under way in a steam vessel at night, what lights would you have?

Three red to port, green to starboard, and a bright white light at the foremast-head. (Art. 3.)

15. Is there any difference between a steamer's side lights and a sailing vessel's side lights ?

No. (Art. 6.)

16. Over how many points of the horizon should the mast-head light show?

Twenty from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on both sides. (Art. 3a.)

17. And how far should it be visible?

At least 5 miles. (Art. 3a.)

18. If your steam-ship takes another vessel in tow, what lights would you have?

A steamer's ordinary 3 lights, and an extra bright light under the mast-head light. (Art. 4.)

19. Is there any difference between these mast-head lights? No: they are to be in all respects alike. (Art. 4.)

20. A steam ship, with machinery broken down, and under sail alone?

Only the two side lights. (Art. 1.)

21. You are in a ship laying down telegraphic cables, or in a vessel not under command ?

3 red lights vertically at the mast-head, at least 3 feet apart. (Art. 5.) And by day 3 black balls each 2ft. diameter. 22. In a small sailing vessel, rough weather, afraid of having the lights washed away, what would you do ?

Have them lighted, but kept inboard, each on its own side, ready to be handed over at a moment's notice. (Art. 7.). 23. What precaution should be taken with these lanterns previously?

They should be painted; the one that carries the red light should be painted red, and the starboard one green. (Art. 7.)

24. A sailing pilot cutter; what lights should she carry ? A white mast-head light visible all round the horizon. and a flare-up at short intervals, not to exceed 15 minutes. (Art 9.) But when not on pilotage duty, the usual side lights. 25. Open boats, open fishing boats, &c.?

A lantern with a red and a green slide.

26. If a fishing boat anchors?

One bright mast-head light. (Art 106.)

Drift Net Fishing.

(Art. 10a.):

27. A fishing-boat engaged in the drift-net fishing, and drifting with her nets?

2 red lights at mast-head vertically. (Art 10 c.)

28. A trawler ?

2 vertical lights at the mast-head; upper red, and lower green; also the usual 2 side-lights. (Art. 10d.) 29. May fishing boats use a flare-up ?

Yes. (Art 10e.)

30. And if they do use one, may they do away with the above regulation lights?

No: they use it only as an extra precaution. (Art. 10e.) 31. If you see a ship overtaking you, what light must you show?

A white light or a flare-up over the stern. (Art. 11.)

Fog Signals.

32. If you were in a steamer, and steamed into a fog, what would you do?

Slacken my speed, and blow a prolonged blast of the whistle at least every two minutes. (Arts. 13 & 12a.) 33. Where is this whistle to be placed?

Anywhere, so that "the sound may not be intercepted by any obstructions." (Art. 12.)

34. Must steamers carry any other fog signal instrument ? Yes. "With an efficient fog horn, to be sounded by a bellows, or other mechanical means, and also an efficient bell." (Art. 12.)

35. What fog instrument must a sailing ship carry?

66

A similar fog horn and bell" to those carried by a steamer. (Art. 12.)

36. If you were in a sailing vessel, and sailed into a fog?

66

"On the starboard tack, one blast of the horn; if "on the port tack, two blasts in succession"; and when with the wind abaft the beam, three blasts in succession." Each of these signals to be made "at intervals of not more than two minutes." (Art. 12h.) And go at a moderate speed. (Art. 13.)

37. What difference is there between the old article and the new article about slackening speed in a fog?

In the old it was only the steamer mentioned, whereas in the new both steamer and sailing ship are mentioned. Again, the old referred only to "fog," whereas the new mentions "fog, mist, or falling snow.'

38. You are in a vessel at anchor in a fog?

Ring the bell at least every two minutes. (Art. 12c.) 39. You are going down channel, and see a ship's red light, what would you know about her?

That she was a sailing vessel under weigh, and shewing me her port side. (Arts. 3c & 6.)

40. You see a green light?

A sailing vessel under weigh shewing me her starboard side. (Arts. 3b & 6.)

41.

You see a bright light above the red?

A steam vessel under weigh shewing me her port side. (Arts. 3a & 3c.)