twenty-eight correspond with those occurring either in the Beugali or Hindi specimens, and two or three Sanskrit words of frequent recurrence in Bengali, though not used in the Lord's Prayer; such are bhojun, for bread or food; kshemkuro, in the sense of forbear or forgive. Dhurtee, for the earth, is a word well known in Hindi.

19. Bundelkhund, or Bruhmunda-khunda, lies due west of Allahabad, and occupies the banks of the Jumna from Mow to Kulpi. This language meets the Malwa language on the west, the Bruj on the north, and the Mahratta on the south. The specimen of the Lord's Prayer given, contains twenty-five of the words found in the Bengali and Hindi specimens. Puni, and; yog, worthy; and sunsar, the world, are also found therein.

20. The Mahratta. Notwithstanding so great part of the sacred oracles is already published in this language, it may not be improper to add a specimen of the Mahratta here, as it begins where the Bundelkhund and Malwa end. In this specimen of the Lord's Prayer, the reader may trace twenty-nine of the words in the Bengali aud Hindi, and there are several of the remaining words which are used in Bengali, such as kshuma, forgive, just mentioned; poruntoo, but, &c.

21. The Magudhu. The Magudha is the language of South Bahar; it begins where the Mahratta language ends, and extends nearly to the banks of the Ganges, In the Lord's Prayer given in this language, the reader may identify twenty four of the words found in the Bengali and Hindi specimens. Several of the others also are Sanskrit words, frequently recurring in Bengali; thus sunsur, the earth, the world, is the same in Bengali ; khiwawa, food, is the substantive of the verb khawan, cause to eat; and prubhootia, power, is evidently an abstract noun from prubhoo, lord.

These eleven languages occupy the Middle provinces of India, which extend from Kashmeer to Bengal. We now come to those on the north-east side of India, among which, one of the first is,

22. The North Koshala. This language is spoken in the country to the north-east of Oude, or Uyodhya, the country famous among the Hindoos for having given birth to Kousulya, the mother of Rama. In the specimen given of this language, the reader may trace twenty-seven of the words found in the Bengali and Hindi specimens; and nearly all the remaining words are pure Sauskrit ; such are ichchha-poorbuk, for will; sunsar, the world; already mentioned ; yogya, worthy, proper; ahar, food; udhurn, evil, unholiness; with some others.

23. The Mithilee. Proceeding southeast, we come to the province of MithiAsiatic Journ.-No. 25.

lee, or Tirboot, which is also esteemed classic ground among the Hindoos, be cause deemed the birth place of Seeta, Junuka her father being reputed the king of this country. On the south it abuts on the most northern provinces of Bengal, and northward it extends to the kingdom of Nepal, In the specimen given of this language, the reader may trace twenty of the radical words given in Bengali and Hindi specimens; but among the rest there are several which have been already mentioned as Sanskrit words com, mon in Bengal; as sunsar, the world; yogya, proper; khaek, food, from khao, eat; mudya, in; puruntoo, but, &c.

24. The Nepal. Turning to the northeast, we come to the kingdom of Nepal, the language of which, termed by the na tives the Khash-poora language,is evidently a branch from the same parent stock as those already mentioned. In the Lord's Prayer the reader will find no less than twenty nine of the words which occur in the Bengali and Hindi specimens. Bap, father, he will, however, find metamor phosed into baboo; and for the earth, he will find the word log, people, which occurs both in Sanskrit and Bengali in nearly the same sense: thus teen lok, means the three worlds-heaven, earth, and Patal.

25. The Asamese. Still farther east lies the kingdom of Asain. In the specimen exhibited of this language may be traced twenty nine of the words found in the Bengali and Hindi specimens: khabur, food, also, is derived from khao, eat. While it assimilates more with the Bengali language, however, than most of those already mentioned, its terminations still render it a different language.

Having thus taken a view of the languages on the west, in the middle, and on the east side of India, it may now be proper to add specimens also of those in the Decan, (Dukshina,) or the countries to the south of Bengal, in which we are engaged; which are three.

26. The Orissa or Oot-kul. This language is almost identically the same with the Bengali, while it still possesses different terminations, and even a different character. In the specimen of the Lord's Prayer given, the reader will be to trace thirty-one of the words which occur in the Bengali specimen; he will also find kshuma used in the sense of " forgive." But notwithstanding the close affinity which it has to the Bengali, its peculiar terminations cause the whole specimen to differ much in sound from that given in the latter language.

27. The Telinga. Bordering on Orissa we come to the Telinga language. In the specimen of the Lord's Prayer given in this and the Kurnata language, the reader can easily trace the link of connection VOL. V.

L

subsisting between nearly all these de scended from the Sanskrit. In the Lord's Prayer, as given in this language, he may trace at least fifteen of the words specified in the Bengali specimen; he will, however, find the Sanskrit cheyya, done, used instead of kura. Bhoomi, the earth, is another Sanskrit word common in Bengali.

28. The Kurnata. This language commences where the Telinga ends, and meets the Mahratta on one side, and the Goojurattee on the other. In this specimen can be traced no less than sixteen of the words which appear in that given in Bengali, though so much disguised by the difference of termination: prukash, appear, is also precisely the same in Bengali. For kuro, do, the reader will find

mora.

We have now traced twenty-eight languages derived from the Sanskrit; and if to these we add the Tamul and the Malayalim, we shall find thirty collateral branches springing from one philological root; the whole of which, with the exception of the Telinga and the Kurnata, and one or two others, will be found to have nearly nine-tenths of the words in common with each other, most of them the same pronouns, and all of them the same mode of construction.

It may, however, be proper to add, that while the languages of the southern peninsula derive at least one half of the words they contain immediately from the Sauskrit, they are supposed to derive a great part, if not the whole of the remainder, from another source, which certain of our learned friends at Madras suppose to be the language often termed the High Tamul.

We might here close the investigation of these languages: but it has occurred to us, since we began the examination, that it would not be improper to add specimeus of the Lord's Prayer in the languages to the west and the east of India, in which we are engaged, as these will clearly mark where the Sanskrit family ends. Thus the Pushtoo, or Affghan language, on the west, has evidently too small a proportion of Sanskrit words to render a comparison between the two specimens at all practicable, and the Bulochee specimen is scarcely less remote from the Sanskrit; while the Khasee language, to the east of Bengal, seems quite as far removed from the Sanskrit, as the Pushtoo on the west; and the Burman language still decreases in point of affinity to that ancient philological parent. But this will be seen more clearly from an examination of the specimens in each of these languages.

29. The Pushtoo or Affghan. This language, as has been stated in a former

memoir, is spoken beyond the Indus, by a people respecting whom, perhaps, a greater probability appears on the side of their being descended from the ten tribes of Israel, than can be urged relative to any other nation. O when shall they begin to "return, going and weeping?"when shall they begin to seek the Lord their God?" In the Lord's Prayer, as given in this language, although nearly half the words are familiar to us through their being current in Bengali and Hin di, yet scarcely four of them can be traced to the Sanskrit language. It is therefore evident that here the languages derived from the Sanskrit end on the western side of India, which idea will be confirmed by our recurring to

30. The Bulochee. This language is spoken on the western banks of the Indus, the Bulochee nation extending westward to Persia. The specimen of the Lord's Prayer given in this language, contains scarcely more Sanskrit words than that in the Pushtoo, the words therein which are familiar in Bengali and Hindi, about one half, become thus through the medium of the Persian, from which this language borrows so largely. To look for any language beyond this westward, as derived from the Sanskrit, were a fruitless research. We now turn to the east side of India.

31. The Khasee. This language is spoken by a small nation to the east of Silhet, who inhabit the mountains extending from Sillet, nearly to the bor ders of China. In this specimen three or four Sanskrit words may be traced, but so disguised by the monosyllables prefixed or added to them, that they are not easily recognized; while the pronouns, gna, I, fee, thou, kee, they; and the frequent recurrence of the syllables, ming, eng, ung,

&c. plainly indicate its distant affinity with the Chinese monosyllabic system, however widely it differs from it in its present state.

32. The Burman language. This language has borrowed the Sanskrit alphabet, in which it is now constantly written. But notwithstanding this, scarcely three Sauscrit words can be descried in the specimen given. Syllables, however, which accord with those in the Chinese colloquial system, are to be found in abundance; and, indeed, the language adopts two of the four Chinese tones. We here find the Sanskrit arrested in its progress eastward, therefore, and constrained to lend its alphabet- to do little more than clothe and express another system, said, by those who have studied it most closely, to be originally monosyllabic, and which still retains tones completely foreign to the

See Jer. i, 4, 5.

Sanskrit system. The languages which spring from the Sanskrit, therefore, evidently form a whole of themselves, and taken together, constitute a philological family, which for number and close resemblance to each other, can scarcely be paralleled.

Brahj Mohun Sen, of the police office, whose enlightened understanding has enabled him to overcome the early prejudices of his Hindu education, lately invited many of his friends and acquaintances, who like himself have substituted the adoration of one supreme being for the idolatrous practices of vulgar worship, to attend his house in Koolootolah, and hear

the chapters of the Veds, which treat of the unity of God, read and expounded. They accordingly convened to a considerable number on the evening of Sunday the 20th April, when such parts of the Veds as treat of the nature and unity of the godhead were explained, and several hymns, tending to inculcate spiritual worship of the Divine Being and practice of pure morality, as the most acceptable offerings to heaven, were sung on the occasion, accompanied by musical instruments. The house was crowded with a great number of natives, respectable both in regard to birth and education; and many of them men of a contemplative and reflecting turn of mind.-Calcutta.

IN the beginning of December was opened at Paris, l'Ecole royale et spéciale des Langues Orientales vivantes, established near the King's Library. The following is the syllabus.

Persian Language. (Every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.) M. Langlès, professor, and M. Chézy, joint-professor, will give two lectures weekly, to develop the grammatical principles of the Persian language, and one to the explanation of the Pandnamah (book of sentences) of Ferid-ud-dyn Attar, and the different law forms used in the Durbars of India.

Arabic Language. (Same days as the preceding.) The Baron Sylvestre de Sacy, professor, will explain chapter 60, and the following chapters of the Koran, with the Commentary of Beidhawi; the book of Kalila, and the second volume of the History of Tamerlane, by Ibu-Arab-Slah.

Turkish Language. (Same days as the preceding.) The Chevalier Jaubert, professor, and M. Sédillot, joint-professor, will develop after a new system the principles of Turkish grammar, and will explain the Treaty of Geography, entitled Jahan-numa, and various extracts from the Ottoman History of Saad-uêdidin. M. le Chevalier Jaubert will terminate his course of lectures by reading the principal treaties concluded between the kings of France and the Ottoman Sultans.

Armenian Language. (Same days as the preceding.) M. Cirbied, professor, after developing the grammatical principles of this language, will elucidate several chapters of the History of the Lagare of Parbe, the Discourses of Gregoire de Narek, the Fables of Mikhetar, and

several passages of the Oraison of Saint Narses. He will likewise explain the rules of versification of the language of the different Armenian dialects. The course of lectures will terminate by reading extracts from the Armenian History, by Moyse of Khorene, and of some pieces of Armenian poetry.

Course of Antiquities. (Every Tuesday and Thursday.) The Chevalier Millin, professor of Archæology, will terminate his examination of Heroic History, explained by public monuments; of which he will either shew the originals, or copies by impression or engravings. He will particularly treat on those relative to the History of Theseus, Thebes, Troy, the foundation of Rome, and of the deified Princes.

Course of Modern Greek. (Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.) M. Hase, provisional professor, will develop the principles of the vulgar Greek grammar, and will explain several pieces composed in that tongue, as well as a description of Modern Greece, by Daniel de Thessalie. He will likewise give some rules for facilitating the reading of Greek manuscripts.

Two distinct shocks of earthquake have lately been felt in Kamkschatka.

An incredible number of bears during the last winter, issued from their retreats in the forests, and invaded the habitations of man in the whole east and north-east tracts of Siberia, and also of Kamkschatka; the fish which are the usual food of the bears have for these two years deserted the seas of Kamkschatka ;

hunger has in consequence compelled them even to enter houses and devour the inhabitants, and not infrequently each other; several were found at the breaking up of winter to have perished, and in some places two or three hundred bears were numbered, slain by the hunters; the oldest Kamschatkadales never remember this animal so ferocious and desperate.

Shawl goats. It had been uncertain the Busra or Bussorah goat would breed in England; a gentleman of Lincoln is said to possess a pair, of which the female a short while since, produced two fine kids which are expected to live. The milk of this animal is by report useful in consumptive cases.

A collection of highly valuable antiquities, massy columns of porphyry, statuary and architectural remains, has been made on the site of ancient Carthage, under the direction of Captain Smith, of the Royal Navy, who has been some time employed in surveying that part of the African coast, and is frequently with the Bey, by whom he is allowed a guard of Janissaries in his several journies through the country. At one of his audiences the Bey of Fezzan was present; and he related to Captain Smith, that about seventeen years since, an Englishman travelled with him to the southward of Fezzan, and was taken ill on the road of a fever, which caused his death, and he afterwards saw him buried. This person, there can be no doubt, was Mr. F. Horneman, the son of a German clergyman, employed by the Society for making disCoveries in the interior of Africa. No intelligence of this traveller had been received before; and as it is known he was in the direction stated by the Bey of Fezzan, no doubt of his death exists, especially as the period of his disappearance exactly corresponds with the alleged time of his decease. These remains may shortly be expected in this country, as a vessel had sailed, it is stated, to Tripoli to bring them away.

proposal of Prince Metternich, and will have the chief direction of the Oriental

academy. From the great activity of this meritorious writer aud scholar, and his great philological knowledge, the above institution, where several celebrated Austrian statesmen have studied, will prosper still further under his direction.

The report of several shocks of earthquake having been felt at St. Helena, and even sensibly perceived by ships several leagues from that island, is confirmed. The tremulation it is added was much more distinctly experienced in the vallies than on the more elevated situations; as far as a comparison of accounts can assist us to judge, it is evident that the force weakened as it proceeded upwards.

A physician in the province of Barr, not long since submitted a Memoir to the Royal Institute, on the superior qualities of opium indigene. The apothecaries of Barr and Lecca, are putting into practice Drummond's method of culture and manufacture. The inferiority of Asiatic opium is occasioned by the hideous

adulterations mentioned in Dr. Kerr's account of the opium of Berar, already published in our third volume.

Extract from MS. Journal 1636.-In N, lat. 14° 15'. long. 21. 23'. E. several land birds came aboard. A hawk, a quail, swallows, and another strange bird with a pouch or receptacle in his throat; it was but a small bird, not so big as a turtle dove, but it would make an immeasurable and an affrighting mouth when it was offended, and gaping in such an extraordinary, disproportionably wild manner, that it seems this property was given for its special point of defence, viz. to affright, rather than to bite; those birds made us imagine ourselves to be far nearer the

land than we afterwards found ourselves to be.

To the Editor of the Madras Courier. Sir.-In the natural history of the lizard the following fact may not be generally known. I communicate it for insertion in your valuable paper, when you may find it convenient. The knowledge of the circunistance may protect this harmless, nay useful insect, in future, from being either wantonly injured or destroyed.

My tent having remained pitched on the same spot for a length of time, a small lizard, of the species known amongst Europeans at the presidency by the name of the Brahminy lizard, became in a great degree domesticated, and without any alarm frequently made its appearance. One day while reading, my attention was