DIRECT LEGISLATION-continued III. generalizatns established by experience with referendum, 51-4 independence of party, 51, 116 unguarded representation doesn't represent, 52, 130, 134-5 defeats ambiguous measures, 52 and those involving jobs or tricks, 52 automatic disfranchisemt of the unfit in many cases, 52, 99 controls both ends of the ordinary scale of legislatn and is open to engagemnts at intermediate points, 53-4 no trouble where it controls, but heaps of trouble elsewhere, 54 wisdom requires extension of its use, 54 national legislatn not included in this discussion, 53 n (D) movement to perfect rep. system by fuller provisn for D. L., 55-74 San Francisco's charter, 55 laws requiring referendum on franchises, pub. ownership, issue of Nebraska's municipal D. L. law, 56, 165 Arizona's municipal D. L. law, 58 So. Dakota's D. L. const. amendmt, 58-9, 163 II. efforts, 60-62 bills introduced in many states, 60-1 some passing one house or both, 60-1 III. the rising tide of thought, 62-72 Dicey, Winchester, Moses, Freeman, McCrackan, Sullivan, Pom- popular movemt largely due to Sullivan and Pomeroy, 63 large part of the press favorable (over 3000 papers and magazines), 63 a non-partisan movemt, 63 men and platforms of all parties for it, 63 all who believe in govt by the people favor extension of the refer- only shortsighted plutocrats and politicians, and persons unwilling Wanamaker, Pingree, Bryan, St. John, Lloyd, Ely, Howells, Shel- Wm. Dean Howells, 67 Rev. Lyman Abbott, 67 Hon. John Wanamaker, 67 Pres. Frances E. Willard, 67 Henry D. Lloyd, 67 Hon. Wm. J. Bryan, 68 Pres. Samuel Gompers, 68 Lord Salisbury, 68 Mayor Jones, 144 Rev. B. Fay Mills, 68 Prof. Lecky, 69 Prof. Geo. D. Herron, 69 Pres. Geo. A. Gates, 69 J. S. Loe Strackey (Ed. London Spectator), 69 Andrew Jackson, 69 Gov. Pingree, 69 . Prof. Geo. Gunton, 69 Hon. John G. Woolley, 70 Thos. Jefferson, 71 Abraham Lincoln, 71-2 Farmer's Alliance, Labor Unions, etc., 65 American Federation of Labor, 65, 144 Christian Endeavor, Epworth League, etc., 65 Social Reform Union, 144 Buffalo Conference, 144 D. L. sentimt as indicated by Ohio vote (1899). (See City for the People, 535) DIRECT LEGISLATION-continued the referendum movemt is part of a world movemt toward liberty, diffusion of power thru D. L., 74 few wars if the people voted them, 74, 145 (E) the practical details, 75-79 analysis of D. L. law or amendmt, 75, 166 obligatory ref. the better form ultimately, 77, see 33 n more economical, 77 more secret, 77 less affected by human inertia, 78 optional form best at start except as to street franchises, const. (F) reasons for direct legislation, 79-138 1. progress, it will open the door to all other reforms as fast as the words of Buckle and Wendell Phillips, 81 it will give the sovereign people the power of voluntary movemt, prevent the corporatn ganglia from paralyzing the progressive separatn of measures aids reform, 81-2 experience of Switzerland, 120, see below (F), 20 2. purify govt, 82-90, 126, 128 destroy the concentratn of temptatn resulting from the power of a Broadway Surface Franchise, 82 Phila. gas lease, 82-3 it won't do to leave the referendal option with the legislators, 83 Reading Terminal bribery, 84 corporatn voting $100,000 to buy Chicago council, 84 prices of legislators, 84 citizens too numerous to buy, 84 referendum greatly dilutes the power of bribery, 85, 86 n lobbying, log-rolling, and blackmailing undermined, 86 class legislatn checked, 87, 120 separatn of legislatn from the people (a great cause of fraud) private monopoly in law-making destroyed, 87, 129 3. demagoguery, and polit. influence of employers over employees di- 4. power of rings, bosses and monopolists crippled, 89 5. partisanship weakened, 89-90, 87 6. elections simplified, 90-92 easier to vote on a measure than on a man and a platform, 90-1 mixture of issues fatal to self-govt, 91-3 or real representatn, 91-3 Mr. Moffett's illustratn, 92 7. simplify and dignify the law, 93-97 multitudinous unnec'y laws, 84-96 N. J.'s law factory compared with Swiss records, 84 Gov. Grigg's views, 84, 85 n Senator Bradley's opinion, 101 Massachusetts, see City for the People, 466, 539 dignity of law greater under D. L., 97 examples of undignified legislatn, 97 8. increase respect for law and aid its enforcement, 97-8 10. develop civic patriotism, 99-100 increase the vote and interest of better citizens, 99 and eliminate in large degree the votes of the less intelligent, 11. elevate the press, 101, 121 12. educate the people, 101-3 D. L. the people's university, 101 ancient Athens, 102 13. develop morals and manhood, 103 14. favor stability-the social fly-wheel, 103-110 give discontent a peaceful vent, 104-5 tend to prevent strikes, 105 people not so apt to find fault with what they do themselves, 106 DIRECT LEGISLATION-continued peace favored, 145, 74 wars few if people voted them, 74, 145 no standing army allowed in Switzerland, 145 n no longer nec'y to mob or threaten councils to make them do 15. large economí s resulting, 110 stopping jobs, franchise steals, etc., 110 save much expense in printing laws, 110-1 16. identify power with public interest, 111-2 17. give labor its true weight in govt, 112-5 labor's interest in the referendum, measureless, 112 it is par excellence the workingman's issue, 112 labor unions recognize its value, 112 Amer. Fed. of Labor, 113 no real representatn of labor in many legis. bodies, 113-5 60 and 70 per cent of legislatures and congresses are lawyers, 18. benefit all classes-the people's issue, 116 not a class measure, nor a party measure, 116 19. merely an application of established principles of law of agency, 116-8 and never will be till the people claim the principal's rights of in- 20. experience proves value of D. L., 118-128 Canada and England, 119 Switzerland, 119-128 formerly cursed with evils of unguarded rep. system, 119 adopted direct legislatn, 120 and it has dethroned the politicians and monopolists, 121 abolished bribery, class-law, and machine politics, 121 rid the body politic of its vermin, 121 destroyed the power of legislators to legislate for personal ends, 121 given great impetus to wise reform, 122 reduced taxatn, 122 and changed its incidence from poverty to wealth, 122-3 direct progressive taxes, in place of indirect taxes, 122 indirect taxatn is "plucking the goose without making it Swiss pluck the goose where the feathers are thickest, 123 great success of referendum fully attested, 124 deeply rooted now in hearts of whole people, 125 favored now even by those who opposed its adoption, 125 objectns proved baseless by experience, 125 D. L. economical, pure, non-partisan, 125 proved a drag on hasty legislatn, 125 fatal to corruptn and extravagance, 126 favors merit and good business principles, 126 excellent officials, 126 legislators practically a life tenure thru repeated re-electn, 126 decorous debates, 127 proportional rep. being widely adopted, 127 21. high authority in favor of D. L., 128, 65-67, see above (D III) Jefferson, Lincoln, 71 22. drift of public sentimt strong toward D. L., 128, see above (D III) 24. brotherhood, law of love, religion and ethics, 128 25. D. L. essential to self-govt-the key to the whole situatn, 64, 70, 35-39, private monopoly of law-making, 129, 87 unguarded representative system does well in early times with but in our complex society delegate law cannot be relied on, 130 present system not entitled to the name "representative," 35 parties not fairly represented, gerrymandering, etc., 130-1 table DIRECT LEGISLATION-continued classes not fairly represented, 132, 113-5, see (17) above many questns arise after electn, 133 the people may change their views on campaign issues after delegate's self-interest may deflect his vote, 133 even honest delegates many times fail to represent the people Rittinghausen's indictment of the representative (or misrepre- proportional rep. will remedy some of these defects but by no the breakdown of legislatures (Harper's Weekly), 136 the basic questn, 136 references, D. L. Record, etc., 136, 154, 161 the dumb people and the parties, 137-8 the dumb man and the cooks with their complex bills of fare-the (G) summary statement, 138-146 (H) objectns, q. v., 146-162 (I) D. L. an essential element in true plan of pub. ownership, see City for (J) nec'y also to true municipal home-rule, City for the People, 411, 428 and preferential voting, City for the People, 484 (L) suggested forms for D. L., laws and const. amendmts, 166, compare 56-9 GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE, 7 NATIONAL PARTY PLATFORMS ON DIRECT LEGISLATION, 7 Indications as to attitude of parties and their leaders, toward popular Transfer or enlargement of the option, so that the people may decide for OUR ELECTIVE ARISTOCRACY, 15 POLITICIANS AND THE PEOPLE, 10, 11 The Politicians as Masters, 10 The People as Masters, 11 POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IMPOSSIBLE WITHOUT D. L., 9 REASONS FOR THE REFERENDUM, 9, 22, 79-138 TRANSFER OF OPTION (see Option) TWENTY REASONS FOR THE REFERENDUM, 22 VETO POWER IN THE HANDS OF THE PEOPLE, 10, 11, 16, 34, 79, and EQUITY SERIES, Published at 1520 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. "RATIONAL MONEY" A solution of the money question which is just to both gold and silver, and to all other products. This is the only fair and final solution of the money question that has yet been prepared. Price, 25c. "THE CITY FOR THE PEOPLE” A consideration of the various problems that have arisen in modern city life, as Public Ownership of local public utilities, as gas, electric light, water, street car transportation, etc.; Direct Legislation by the People; Home Rule; Municipal Civil Service, etc., etc. A very important book. Double number, 600 pages, price 50 c.; cloth, $1. 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