mained in the Turkish capital for barely two years, and was then transferred to Paris, taking up his abode as British Minister at the French Court in July 1867. He Lord Lyons succeeded a very capable diplomatist, Earl Cowley, but he was not long before he justified his appointment to this onerous post. His tact and urbanity made him a successful Minister, and one whose advice was frequently solicited and acted upon by the Emperor Napoleon. He was unable, however, to stem the tide of martial aggressiveness which burst all bounds in 1870, and plunged France into her most disastrous conflict with Germany. Lord Lyons had repeated interviews with the Duc de Grammont on the candidature of the Prince of Hohenzollern for the Spanish throne, the immediate and ostensible cause of the war. declined, however, to pledge the good offices of England to bring pressure to bear upon the King of Prussia on the question of expressly forbidding the Hohenzollern candidature, though he stated that her Majesty's Government were most anxious to effect a reconciliation between France and Prussia. final effort was made by England to avert war, but in vain. France was humbled at the feet of Prussia, and after a series of overwhelming disasters the Emperor Napoleon surrendered at Sedan. The French Republic was proclaimed, and the war still proceeded. The Germans marched upon - Paris, but before the investment of the city began Lord Lyons sent a letter by Mr. (now Sir Edward) Malet, Secretary to the British Embassy in Paris, asking whether Count Bismarck would confer with M. Jules Favre on the conditions of an armistice. Count Bismarck consented to an interview; but in the end M. Favre returned to Paris dispirited, and the German conditions were rejected by the Government of National Defence. A Paris was soon surrounded by German soldiers, and the siege began. All the foreign Ambassadors left the capital, with the exception of Mr. Washburne, Minister of the United States. In the English Parliament certain animadversions were made upon Lord Lyons regarding the manner of his withdrawal from Paris. The British Ambassador departed for Tours with a section of the Provisional Government, which England, together with several other Powers, had already recognised as the de facto Government of France. Subsequently defending himself for this step in a letter to Lord Granville, Lord Lyons said he conceived it to be his duty at the time neither to reject the advice of the French Minister for Foreign Affairs nor to separate himself from his principal colleagues. He considered that it would be on all accounts inexpedient to allow himself to be shut up in Paris and to be deprived of all speedy and satisfactory means of communicating with the English Foreign Office. Lord Lyons had no sooner left Paris than all communication by road with the city was intercepted, and the last telegraphic wire was cut. The minor diplomatists who were left with Mr. Washburne in the besieged city were refused by the German authorities all facilities for corresponding with their Governments otherwise than by open letters. Lord Lyons accompanied the delegation of the Government first to Tours and subsequently to Bordeaux, and his action was accepted by the French as conclusive proof of the desire of her Majesty's Government to maintain intimate and friendly relations with them; while his doing so ensured the most effectual means of maintaining communications with London. It will readily be admitted that all through the critical period of the Franco-German war he acted with great discretion and resolution. In 1873 Lord Lyons concluded negotiations with the French Government for the renewal of the Commercial Treaty which the Emperor Napoleon had made with England in 1860, but which M. Thiers had superseded by a Convention more in conformity with his own Protectionist predilections. It was agreed to maintain the system in force before the fall of the Empire until the end of the year 1876. When Queen Victoria visited the Continent in 1876 Lord Lyons had the honour of receiving her Majesty at La Villette, and introduced to her the French President, Marshal MacMahon. He continued to hold the appointment of Ambassador at Paris until November of the present year, when he resigned and was succeeded by the Earl of Lytton. It is understood that Lord Lyons was offered the Secretaryship of Foreign Affairs by Lord Salisbury in 1886. Lord Lyons was made a K.C.B. in 1860, was advanced to the rank of G.C.B. in 1862, and was sworn a member of the Privy Council on March 9, 1865. At the Oxford Commemoration in June 1865 he received the honorary degree of D.C.L. In November 1881 he was created Viscount Lyons of Christchurch, in the county of Southampton and on his resignation this autumn he was advanced to an earldom. He was never married, and with him his titles became extinct. The circumstances of his conversion to the Romish faith were thus given after his death :-" He spoke about the change of his religion six weeks ago. Since then, and even before he went regularly to attend daily Mass, he was engaged in serious religious studies. He intended, as soon as he felt he was prepared, to be received into the Church of Rome, but up to the time of his illness, which occurred on Monday, Nov. 28, he had not taken the final step. After his seizure it is extremely doubtful to what extent he retained consciousness; but the Bishop of Southwark (Dr. Butt), with whom for some time he had had consultations, felt so convinced of his disposition and intention that he received him into the Church and administered to him extreme unction." He died from the effects of a paralytic seizure, after a week's lingering, at Norfolk House, St. James's Square, on 5th inst., and was buried with the full rites of the Church of Rome in the Fitzalan Chapel at Arundel. Sir George Burrows, Bart. Sir George Burrows, M.D. and Hon. LL.D. Cantab., D.C.L. Oxon., F.R.S., F.R.C.P., Hon. Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge, Physician in Ordinary to her Majesty the Queen, and consulting physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, died on 12th inst. in his 87th year, exhausted by repeated attacks of bronchitis and asthma, but in full possession of his faculties. He came of an old Kentish family, established certainly as long back as the Commonwealth, at Chalk, in the neighbourhood of Gravesend, where his father, Dr. George Mann Burrows, himself an eminent member of the medical profession, was born in 1771. Sir George Burrows was born on Nov. 28, 1801, in Bloomsbury Square, his father then residing there, and received the earlier part of his education at a school then in high repute at Ealing, where he had for schoolfellows Cardinal Newman, Mr. F. W. Newman, and other distinguished men. On leaving school, and with a view of gaining some preliminary insight into medicine and its handmaid sciences, he attended the lectures of the famous anatomist and surgeon, John Abernethy, at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, of Professor Brande, on chemistry, and of Professor Faraday, on electricity and other subjects. At the end of the two years he proceeded to Caius College, Cambridge, where, although he had obtained a Tancred Medical Studentship, he gave himself up entirely (finding time by the way to organise and paï stroke in the first racing six-oar on the Cam) to the special study of the place, and graduated as Tenth Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos of 1825. He was immediately elected a Fellow of his college and Junior Mathematical Lecturer. Returning presently to St. Bar tholomew's Hospital, he became a pupil of Sir W. Lawrence and of Dr. Peter Mere Latham, who, together with Sir Thomas Watson, were then among the leading lights of that famous medical school. After having taken his medical degree at Cambridge and his diploms at the Royal College of Physicians, he availed himself of a favourable oppor tunity for foreign travel, and for some time was engaged in study at the University of Pavia, in Paris, and in Ger many. During his stay in Italy he had abundant opportunities for watch ing the epidemic of Asiatic cholers, then just freshly imported into Europe; and upon its making its appearance in London, in the year 1832, he was placed in charge of the auxiliary hospital established by the governors of St. Bartholomew's to meet the exigencies of the outbreak. This was his first official connection with the institution A little later, in 1834, he was appointed the first assistant physician to take charge of out-patients, and was associated with Dr. P. M. Latham as joint lecturer on the Science and Practice of Medicine. In 1841, upon Dr. Latham's enforced withdrawal from ill-health, he became sole lecturer, and was promoted to the full physiciancy, an office which he held with great distinction, as a successful teacher of medicine at the bedside, till 1863, when he retired from the acting staff and was elected the first honorary consulting physician. Always an eager advocate of the cause of education, he attached himself to the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge shortly after its foundation by Lord Brougham, and worked zeal. ously with him as one of the members of his committee. At the Royal College of Physicians, where he early distin guished himself as a leader of liberal reforms, he was nominated for all the principal lectureships, and filled in turn the offices of Member of Council, Cen. sor, College Representative on the General Medical Council, and finally, with the unanimous voice of the Fel lows, President of the College. It was during his tenure of office as President -namely, in 1874-that he was made a baronet. Having been appointed Physician Extraordinary to her Majesty the Queen in 1870, he became Physician in Ordinary in 1873, on the death of Sir H. Holland. He was a member of the Senate of the University of London, President of the General Medical Council of Education, of the Royal Medico-Chirurgical Society, and of the British Medical Association. One of his latest honours, and one which he very highly valued, was his election as the first Honorary Medical Fellow of his old college-Caius. In 1834 he married Elinor, the youngest daughter of his old master (John Abernethy), by whom (she predeceased him) he had several children. He Sir Robert Montgomery, K.C.B., G.C.S.I.-Sir Robert Montgomery, whose death occurred on 28th inst. at the advanced age of 78, was the son of the Rev. Samuel Law Montgomery, rector of Lower Moville, co. Donegal. entered the Bengal Civil Service in 1828, and after filling with credit subordinate offices in the North-West Provinces was transferred to the Punjab by the Marquess of Dalhousie, and took an important part in the organisation of that newly subjected province as, successively, Commissioner of the Lahore Division, member of the Board of Administration in association with Henry and John Lawrence, and Judicial Commissioner. It was in the latter capacity, and as representing in the absence of his chief, Sir John Lawrence, the civil power at Lahore, that he shared with the military authorities the grave responsibility of the momentous decision under which, immediately the seizure of Delhi by the mutineers was known, the large force of native troops in the neighbouring cantonments of Mian Mir was summarily disarmed. This hazardous operation was successfully performed by a single weak European battalion, and was the earliest masterstroke of that resolute policy which carried the British Empire safely through the crucial trial resulting from the sudden defection of nearly the whole of the overgrown native army. It was speedily repeated at Peshawur and wherever a sufficient force of European troops was available, and not only assured the peace of the Punjab, but rendered possible the subsequent conversion of that country into the base of operations for the crowning_mercy of the recovery of Delhi. Sir Robert Montgomery's services on this critical occasion were ungrudgingly acknowledged by Sir John Lawrence; he was selected by Lord Canning to succeed Sir James Outram as Chief Commissioner of Oude; and was principally instrumental in enforcing the revised policy of the Governor-General in effecting the pacification of that disordered province. The rapid and complete success of his administration led to his appointment as Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab in succession to Sir John Lawrence, and he continued to hold that important office until his return to England in 1865. Although the times in which he acted called not seldom for the exercise in an eminent degree of stern masculine qualities, there was probably never an Englishman in India who was so generally beloved by the native communities with which he was brought in contact. One of the districts of the Punjab is named after him, and a memorial hall at Lahore erected by the voluntary contributions of all classes attests his widespread popularity. He had gained in an equal degree the confidence of the Government under which he served, and of its subjects whose interests his life was passed in promoting. Within a few years of his return to his native land Sir Robert became a member of the Council of the Secretary of State for India, to the assistance of which he brought an experience exceptionally valuable from its having been acquired in the discharge of the highest political functions during a crisis which exacted all the powers and resources of the national character for the maintenance of the Queen's Empire in India. Sir Robert was created K.C.P. 1859, and G.C.S.I. 1866. The following deaths also occurred during the month :-On the 1st, Miss Jane Gibson, aged 102 and six months, the daughter of the late John Gibson of Oakbank and Johnstone. She was the founder of the "John Gibson Bursaries "in Glasgow University. On the 2nd, at the Deanery, Rochester, aged 76, the Very Rev. Dr. Scott, Dean of Rochester, and formerly Master of Balliol College, Oxford. He was one of the first Greek scholars of the day, and in conjunction with Dr. Liddell was the author of the well-known Greek-English Lexicon; he was also one of the revisers of the New Testament. On the same date, at Harlesden, aged 70, Sir William Edwin Smart, K.C.B., M.D., Inspector-General of Hospitals and Fleets (retired). During the Crimean war he was in charge of the Naval Brigade Hos pital, and he was one of the naval honorary physicians to the Queen. On the 3rd, the Most Rev. Daniel M'Gettigan, D.D., Archbishop of Armagh, and Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland. On the same date, at Roydon Hall, Diss, Norfolk, aged 80, George Edward Frere, F.R.S., son of the late Edward Frere, of Clydach, Llanelly, and the elder brother of the late Sir Bartle Frere. On the 4th, at Trinity College, Cambridge, aged 50, the Rev. Coutts Trotter, M.A., Vice-Master and Fellow of the college, son of Alexander Trotter, of Devonshire Place House. On the 5th, at the Midland Hotel, St. Pancras, aged 72, the Rev. Edward Henry Julius, 6th Baron Hawke, of Wighill Park, Tadcaster. The son of the late Hon. Martin Bladen Edward Hawke, he succeeded his cousin in 1870, and was rector of Willingham, Lincolnshire, for twenty-one years. On the same date, at New York, aged 49, A. L. Tottenham, M.P. for Winchester, the son of the late N. L. Tottenham, and was formerly in the Rifle Brigade. On the 6th, Dr. Power, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Waterford. On the same date, aged 79, Philippe Rousseau, a well-known French painter, son of a celebrated actor. Also on the same date, at Ealing, aged 79, Sir Bryan Robinson, late Judge of the Supreme Court of Newfoundland, whence he had twice been a delegate to England on important colonial affairs. The son of the late Rev. Christopher Robinson, rector of Granard, Ireland, he was educated in Dublin, and called to the colonial Bar of Nova Scotia and Newfound. land. On the 7th, at West Kensington, aged 44, Miss Margaret Veley, a novelist and a writer of poems. She first attracted notice by her novel "For Percival." On the 10th, at Herbert Crescent, Hans Place, aged 50, Lieutenant-Colonel John Hobart Culme-Seymour, late of 68th Regiment, Clerk of the Cheque, and Adjutant of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, son of the late Rev. Sir John Hobart Culme-Seymour, Bart., and had served in the Crimean and New Zealand wars. On the 13th, at Monymuck, Aberdeenshire, aged 59, Sir Francis William Grant, son of the late Robert Grant, of Tillyfour, Aberdeenshire, Convener of the County, and succeeded his brother as eighth baronet in 1884; at one time in the 17th Lancers. On the 16th, near Fort William, N.B., aged 62, the Rev. Alexander Heriot Mackonochie, who had long held a prominent place amongst the advanced Ritualist clergy, firstly as curate to the Rev. Bryan King, at St. George's-in-the-East, and afterwards as incumbent of St. Alban's, Holborn, and of St. Peter's, London Docks. On the same date, at the Lodge, Weston-super-Mare, aged 72, Frederick John William Lambart, eighth Earl of Cavan, to which title he succeeded on his grandfather's death in 1837. On the 17th, at Albert Mansions, aged 76, Dr. Arthur Farre, M.D., F.R.S., Physician Extraordinary to the Queen. He was recognised as being at the head of his profession in obstetrical science and surgery. He was the son of the late John Richard Farre, M.D. On the 19th, at Ballymagarvy, co. Meath, aged 59, Professor Balfour Stewart, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy in Owens College, Manchester, who was the author of numerous treatises, especially on meteorology and magnetism. On the 28th, aged 81, Jules van Praet, Minister of the King's Household, the highest court official in Belgium. He was a distinguished historian, and had been secretary of the deputation which went to London to offer the crown to Leopold I. On the 29th, at Kilkee, co. Clare, aged 95, Captain Charles Fitzgerald, R.N., C.B., who was formerly Governor of the Gambia and of Western Australia, son of the late Robert Fitzgerald, of Kilkee. On the 30th, at Hartree, Peeblesshire, aged 51, Alexander Dickson, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S.Ed., Professor of Botany at the University of Edinburgh. On the same date, at Rome, aged 69, Cardinal Lorenzo Brandi, who was formerly Minister of Police to Pope Pius IX. In his later years he was Prefect of the Congregation of the Propaganda. INDEX. The figures between [ ] refer to PART I. ACCIDENTS.-Amoy powder magazine, ex- 50 AZRONAUTICS.-Messrs. Jovis and Mallet, ascent, 39; Mr. Morton crossed the AFRICA, SOUTH. Vide Cape Colony, CENTRAL.-STANLEY, Mr., his ex- EAST. Vide Zanzibar, Madagascar, WEST.-BOERS in the Otour region CENTRAL. · BRITISH Honduras SOUTH. ARGENTINE Republic AMERICAN railways sold under fore- ANTI-SOCIALIST demonstration at Amster- |