an investigation; which, however, ended in the sailors declaring that they had been ordered by the captain, and the captain that he could not restrain the fury of the sailors, their indignation being roused by the representations of the little slave, who informed them of the cruelties inflicted on his parents by the Albanian, and the inhuman treatment he had himself received afterwards. With no powers of punishment evested in him, Miaulis could only censure, in the strongest terms, the disgraceful conduct of the crew, and make a report to Hydra of the disobedience and cruelty of the captain."

But this event sinks into nothing before the subjoined horrible

account.

"(Hydra.) June 25th.--I have, this day, been witness to a scene of slaughter, in Hydra, which must ever remain a stain upon the character of its inhabitants; and, at the recollection of which, I yet shudder with involuntary horror.

"I had made an agreement with the owner of a caique, which was to sail for Napoli di Romania in the evening; and accordingly, at four o'clock, I walked down to the Marino, and had my portmanteau stowed on board the boat, which was to get under weigh almost immediately. In the meantime I sat down with Mr. Masson, Canaris, and a few Hydriots, on the balcony of a coffee-house, to await the arrival of the Karavikyrios. Whilst here, a brig arrived from the fleet, and entered the harbour with a fair wind. It brought the disastrous intelligence, that the ship of Captain Athanasius Kreisi had been blown up a few days before, in the midst of

the fleet at Vathico; and himself, his brother, and sixty seamen destroyed. It appeared, from the evidence of one of the sailors who escaped with life, that the captain was that day to have had a few other commanders of the fleet to dinner; and, in the hurry of his preparation, had struck a refractory Turkish slave, who had been for some time on board. The wretch immediately went below, and, in his thirst for vengeance, set fire to the powder-magazine, and blew up himself, his captain, and shipmates.

"There is, perhaps, no spot in the world, where the ties of blood and clanship have more closely united the inhabitants, than at Hydra and the sensation produced by this event may be readily conceived, when it is considered, that every individual thus destroyed was connected intimately with almost the whole population, by birth, marriage, or the bonds of friendship; and that, as the officers and crew of every ship are almost invariably related to each other, in a nearer or more remote degree, a whole family, and that one of the most distinguished, was thus, at a blow, eradicated from the midst of the community.

"The news spread instantly, from end to end of the Marino; and seemed to produce an extraordinary sensation. In a few moments, from the balcony where I sat, my attention was attracted by the unusual commotion of the crowd below, which now consisted of 4 or 5000. They kept rushing backward and forward, but always tending towards the door of a monastery close by me; one apartment of which served for the office of the Marino, and another for the . prison,

prison, in which were confined a large number of Turkish captives. I asked a Hydriot, who sat beside me, what was the meaning of the commotion in the crowd; he replied with little emotion, perhaps going to kill a Turk.' His words were scarcely uttered, when the door of the monastery, not twenty paces from me, was burst open, and a crowd rushed out, forcing before them a young Turk, of extremely fine appearance; tall, athletic, and well-formed. But I shall never forget the expression of his countenance at this awful moment. He was driven out almost naked, with the exception of a pair of trowsers, his hands held behind his back, his head thrust forwards, and a hell of horror seemed depicted in his face. He made but one step over the threshold, when a hundred ataghans were planted in his body. He staggered forward, and fell, a shapeless mass of blood and bowels, surrounded by a crowd of his enraged executioners, each eager to smear his knife with the blood of his victim. By this time, another wretch was dragged forward, and shared the same fate another, and another followed, whilst I was obliged to remain a horrified spectator of the massacre; as the defenceless wretches were butchered almost at the foot of the stairs by which I must have descended, in order to make my escape. Each was, in turn, driven beyond the door, and got a short run through the crowd, and fell piecemeal, till, at length, his carcase lost all form of humanity, beneath the knives of his enemies. Some few died bravely, never attempting to escape, but falling on the spot, where they received

the first thrust of the ataghans: other weaker wretches made an effort to reach the sea, through the crowd, but sunk down beneath a thousand stabs, screaming for mercy, and covering their faces with their gory hands.

"In the meantime, I had got within the café, and closed the door and windows; within, were a few of the young primates, who were sinking with shame and horror for the actions of their countrymen; and the noble Canaris was lying on a bench, drowned in tears. Here I remained for some time; till, taking advantage of a momentary pause in the scene below, I rushed down stairs, and escaped by a bye-path to my lodgings. During the whole course of the evening, the work of slaughter continued: after butchering every inmate of the prison, they brought out every slave from the houses, and from on board the ships in the harbour, and put all to death on the shore. During the course of the evening, upwards of 200 wretches were thus sacrificed to the fury of the mob; and, at length, wearied with blood, they dragged them down to the beach; and, stowing their carcases in boats, carried them round to the other side of the island, and flung them into the sea, where numbers of them were floating some days after, when Captain Spencer passed with the Naiad. During the continuance of all this scene, which lasted for many hours, no attempt was made by the primates to check the fury of the crowd. Perhaps they were aware of their inability; but it is little to their honour that they did not, at least make an effort. Some days after, on speaking of the transaction,

transaction, they merely said it was a disgraceful occurrence, and they were sorry it had happened; but that, in fact, they had no means of keeping prisoners of war: thus indirectly admitting the justice of the deed, nor even attempting to excuse their own non-interference. With the lower orders, there never appeared any symptom of remorse. Those who had been the perpetrators of the deed, were never censured; nor was any investigation made of the affair; on the contrary, they walked about the streets as much applauded, and as highly esteemed, as if they had achieved some meritorious services whilst those who had not participated in the murder spoke of it with complacency, and even approval. Some few of the sons of the primates were the only part of the population who seemed aware of the enormity of the deed; and, whilst they condemned the conduct of their countrymen, they lamented deeply that such an example of applauded murder should be set to their children.

"It happened, unfortunately, that no European ships were at Hydra at the moment; as their interference might have prevented this deed of shame. The story was, however, kept very secret: it was scarcely known, for some time, at Napoli di Romania; and an English gentleman was the first to inform Captain Hamilton, of the Cambrian, of it, several days after, though he had been lying at Napoli during the occurrence. Captain Hamilton immediately sent off a vessel of war to Spezzia and Hydra, with orders to take on board any other slaves or captives who might have been spared, since the inhabitants did

not know how to treat their prisoners."

Of the dissensions among the principal Greeks the public has heard much, but we were not aware of the treacherous and bloody extent to which they were carried. The murder of the distinguished Chief of Livadia, Ulysses; and the attempt to assassinate Mr. Trelawney, who had married his sister, and, after his capture, maintained possession of his extraordinary cave, on Mount Parnassus, will somewhat elucidate these points.

The death of Ulysses is thus described by Mr. Emerson :

"A boat from Athens, has this morning brought the news of the death of Ulysses, which had occurred some days before. The unfortunate chieftain had been confined, since his capture, in the lofty Venetian tower on the Acropolis. The story circulated is, that he had attempted to make his escape by a rope, which broke in his descent; and he was dashed to pieces on the pavement at the base of the tower. But there are so many circumstances to confute the probability of this, that there can be no doubt that he has been secretly put to death by order of the government, and this story feigned, to cover their own imbecility in not daring openly to condemn, or bring to trial, a man whom they still dreaded, and of whose guilt they were unable to produce convicting proofs. In the first place, the soldier who had the means of bringing to him such a length of rope, as would be sufficient to lower him a height of sixty or seventy feet, could as readily have facilitated his escape by the ordinary means; and, se

condly,

condly, Ulysses would not have been so unwise as to attempt an escape where this first and to him fatal step was by far the easiest; as, even if he gained the ground in safety, he had still the guards to elude, and two strong gates and several walls to scale, before he could reach the edge of the precipice, on which the citadel stands; and which opposes a much more effective and terrific barrier to his further escape, than the height of the Venetian tower. However, his race is run; and the favourite élevé of Ali Pacha, and subsequent lord of Livadia, now lies a dishonoured and branded traitor, in an obscure spot at the base of the Acropolis."

Of the attempt on Mr. Trelawney, it is told:

"On the surrender of the utfortunate chieftain, (Ulysses,) he had retired to the cave on Mount Parnassus, which was still occupied by Ulysses' family, and a few of his most faithful adherents: and here, in a fortress impregnable by nature, they continued to hold out against the soldiers of Goura, who still occupied the country in the vicinity of Par

nassus.

"Amongst the inmates of the cavern was one Mr. Fenton, a native of Scotland; who had arrived, a mere adventurer in Greece, last winter, when, during his intercourse with the European residents in the Morea, he had proved himself totally divested of every principle or feeling of a gentleman. He had even stooped so low as to offer himself to a person in power as the assassin of Ulysses, for a remuneration of a few dollars; I believe not more than sixty. The proposal had been

accepted, but a disagreement in the terms, or some other circumstance, had prevented its execution. The publicity which Fenton had given to the depravity of his character, among his countrymen. rendering his residence with the Europeans impossible, an order from the government to leave Napoli di Romania determined him on joining the party of the very man whom he had offered to assassinate, and to whom his quarrel with the government was a sufficient recommendation. He was accordingly received among the inmates of the cave, where Mr. Trelawney, almost totally separated from intercourse with his countrymen, was not aware of his despicable character. After the surrender of Ulysses, he had remained in the same situation; rather, however, as the dependant, than the companion of Trelawney, till, on the death of the chieftain, he formed the desperate resolution of making himself master of the cave and its contents, which, by previous contract, were now the property of his benefactor. A few days before he made the attempt, the cave was visited by a young English gentleman, whose youth (nineteen) and romantic spirit [very romantic!] were easily prevailed on by Fenton to become his accomplice, under a promise that, if successful, he should be made a prince of Livadia. It was in the latter end of June, (about the 25th,) that this young Englishman arrived at the cavern; and four days after, Fenton proposed to him, after dinner, that they should fire at a target, whilst Trelawney stood umpire. As soon as Trelawney unsuspectingly advanced to examine their first

shots,

shots, the conspirators both made their attempt at the same moment. Fenton's pistol missed fire; but the young Englishman's took effect with two balls; one of which, entering his back, passed out of his breast, and broke his right arm; whilst the second entered his neck, and, in its passage, shattered his jaw-bone. He fell immediately; but his attendants, alarmed at the reports of the pistols, rushed forward, and instantly poignarded Fenton, who died upon the spot. They then, by the direction of Trelawney, who still breathed, placed the Englishman in irons, at the recess of the cave. Totally deprived of the assistance of a surgeon, Trelawney's recovery was long doubtful; but nature at length prevailed."*

"Let us (says Mr. E. very justly) compare all that has been urged to the disadvantage of the miserable Greeks, with the causes that have produced their degredation; and the result must be, not hatred and abuse, but pity, mingled with astonishment that they are not a thousandfold more perverted than we find them. Far, however, from coinciding with this sweeping condemnation of the race en masse, I will maintain that on examination of the traits of character peculiar to each district, we shall find the seeds of numerous virtues, however slightly developed, still discernible under a mass of vices; and which, when properly cultivated, under an equi

table government, cannot fail to raise the Greeks high in the scale of nations.

"By their southern neighbours, the Albanians have long ceased to be considered either Mussulmans or Greeks; their submission to Mahomet the Second, and subsequent embracing of Islamism, would naturally stamp them the former, whilst their country and warlike habits bear no resemblance to the luxurious, sedentary habits of the Turks. They may, in fact, be considered as the connecting link of the two religions, embued with all the treachery and duplicity of the followers of Mahomet, but still retaining the spirit of hospitality, bravery, and minor virtues of the Greeks. To those succeed the Roumeliots, the inhabitants of what is now termed Eastern and Western Greece, comprising Attica, Livadia, and the territory south of Epirus and Thessaly still mindful of their contests for freedom and religion, under their immortal Scanderbeg, they cling closely to that faith for which their fathers bled. And, though subject to the galling yoke of the Ottoman, they have still enjoyed a comparative freedom, amidst their rocks and mountains: nor have they ever submitted to enslave their souls by a base concession to his creed. Brave, openhearted, and sincere, their valour is their slightest recommendation; and the traveller who has claimed their hospitality, or the wretch who has thrown himself on their

:

protection,