yet there are in it passages which are real pearls." From this it appears that Budik claims to be the discoverer of a work till then unknown, and a work of a very remarkable character, upon the subject of the fate of Faust. He not only discovers its existence, but he is able to give us the year and place of publication, the size of the volume, and a critical estimate of the contents. Where is this remarkable production? I know of no one who has ever seen a copy of it. In the minute and exhaustive search for works upon Faust, or even remotely relating to the legend of his life, which has been assiduously carried on in Germany for the last half century, until the literature of Faust has grown to the dimensions of a considerable library requiring a catalogue to itself, how comes it that no one can give us any further information about Justus Placidius? Can the catalogues of the Leipsic booksellers and of the great libraries of Germany, so rich in works upon the subject-matter of Faust, throw no light upon a publication familiar to Budik in 1847? It is very strange; and still stranger that Budik should take no apparent delight in a discovery which would have been held almost priceless by his antiquarian fellow-countrymen ; that he should not tell us how, when, and where he came by the book; and that he should niggardly withhold from us a sight of the pearls he found by fishing in its pages. The whole story is so apocryphal, and Budik's conduct under the alleged circumstances so unnatural, that I unhesitatingly discredit the entire statement.]

3. Doctor Faustus. A Tragedy. London, 1612. 8°.

[For this addition to the drama we are again indebted to Budik. Like his "Justi Placidii, infelix prudentia," this play also remained quite unknown until Budik mentioned it in 1847 in the Serapeum. It is unfortunate that it resembles his other discovery in another important particular-it remains unknown still Oddly enough, as in the former case, Budik's knowledge of this rare work is enough to enable him to give us the size of

the volume, the date of its publication, and an estimate of its value as a literary work, but is not apparently intimate enough to enable him to furnish us with a sample of the original. He tells us, inter alia, that "the bulk of the poem does not rise above mediocrity, but there is in it one scene conceived and wrought out with profound thought. The instruction given by the evil spirit to Faust is, indeed, seductive to the last degree and full of diabolical subtilty." It is, perhaps, less marvellous that this tragedy should have escaped the observation of the numerous editors of Marlowe's plays, and of the writers upon the old English drama, than that Justus Placidius should have remained so long in hiding in Germany; but it is certainly remarkable, so much so that I have as little faith in this tale of Budik's as in the other.

The following are Budik's own words with reference to his two discoveries :

"Zu den weitern dramatischen Bearbeitungen gehören auch folgende-bis jetzt gänzlich UNBEKANNTE.

(1) Justi Placidii: Infelix prudentia. Lipsiae, 1598. 8°. Unstreitig ist dieses in lateinischen Iamben verfasste Trauerspiel das ERSTE, das uns die Schicksale des Dr. Faust in dramatischer Form vorführt. Im Ganzen hat das Gedicht die Nichtachtung der Nachwelt verdient, allein einzelne Stellen darin sind wahre Perlen.

(2) Doctor Faustus. A Tragedy. London, 1612. 8°. Auch dieser Faust ist ein Träger und Organ subjectiver Empfindungen, Kämpfe und Ansichten, auch hier die wallende Fluth der Seele, und der Drang, eine Idee objectiver darzustellen. Der grösste Theil dieses Gedichtes erhebt sich nicht über die Mittelmässigkeit, doch findet sich darin eine Scene, die in tiefem Sinne gedacht und ausgeführt ist. Die Lehren, welche der Teufel (the evil spirit) dem Faust giebt, sind in der That höchst verführerisch und voll diabolischer Spitzfindigkeit" (v. Serapeum for 1847, No. 11, p. 175).

4. Life and death of Doctor Faustus, with the humours of Harlequin and Scaramuch, Farce by W. Mountfort, acted at the Q's theatre in Dorset Gardens, and revived at the theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields, the ninth edition. London, 1697. 4to. British Museum.

[As a play of this description, although no doubt popular in its time, was not likely to have attained to a ninth edition all at once, the probability is that the first edition was issued some years earlier. Mountford was assassinated in 1692.]

5. The Vocal Parts of an Entertainment call'd the Necromancer or Harlequin Doctor Faustus, as performed at the Theatre Royal, in Lincoln's Inn Fields. London, 1723.

[This is almost too slight a work to merit the description of a dramatic entertainment, as in a subsequent edition (1731) it is entitled. It is, however, of considerable interest from a historical point of view in connection with the literature of Faust. It seems also to have attained a very considerable popularity upon the stage in England, and, if I am not mistaken, to have made its influence felt in Germany as well. It belongs to the period when Faust was degraded to the ballet.]

6. Dr. Faust von Gottfried Ephraim Lessing.

[Lessing is alleged to have written two "Fausts," one founded upon the old lines of the legend, the other treated more after the modern manner. The MSS. are said to have been lost. All that remains to us is the fragment given above, v. supra, Appendix, pp. 89-94]

7. Johann Faust, Ein allegorisches Drama von fünf Aufzügen.

"Quid ergo inquis, stulti ac mali non gaudent? Non, magis quam praedam nacti leones!" (SENECA).

Mit Genehmhaltung des Churfürstl. Büchercensurcollegiums. München, 1775. Verlegts Johann Nepomuk Fritz, Churfürstl. academ. und burgerlicher Buchhändler. 8°. 72 s.

[British Museum. In this work the name of the evil spirit is spelled as by Goethe-Mephistopheles.]

8. Die Höllenrichter. Fragment von J. M. R. Lenz. Deutsches Museum. Erster Band, 1777.

Leipsig, Wey

Marz. ss. 254-6.
Vom Mahler Müller.

gandsche Buchhändl. Drittes Stück. 9. Situation aus Faust's Leben. Mannheim, bei Schwan, Kuhrfürstl. Hofbuchhändler, 1777. 8°. 35 S.

10. Faust's Leben dramatisirt vom Mahler Müller. Erster Theil, Mannheim, bei E. F. Schwan, Kurfürstl. Hofbuchhändler, 1778. 8°. 163 S.

11. Doktor Faust's Leibgürtel Posse in einem Akt mit Gesang. Nach Rousseau von Mylius. Der Gesang von Schink. Gotha, bei Carl. Wilhelm Ettinger, 1781. kl 8°. 63 S.

12. Schink, Joh. Fr. Der neue Faust. Abgedr. in "Zum Behuf des neuen Theaters." Salzburg, 1782.

To these there should perhaps be added a note of the following:

1. The English Puppet-play of "Faust," never, as far as I am aware, printed or published, and of which we possess nothing now beyond a mere knowledge of the fact that it held the boards of the Puppet-show in England until it was supplanted, in popular favour, by the more vigorous personality and grotesque humours of Mr. Punch. Was this vanished English Puppet-play the progenitor of Schutz and Dreher's marionette "Faust"?

=

2. The German Puppet-play which, although published for the first time fragmentarily in 1823, had yet undoubtedly been in existence for some time before Goethe made his debut as an author.

Besides the works and fragments mentioned, it is probable that other dramatic compositions, on the same subject, appeared in some shape or form from time to time. One of the most

`remarkable features, at any rate, in the history of the Faust literature, is the general fascination which the subject of the great Conjuror's career seems to have had for the minds of literary men in Germany just before the appearance of Goethe's first fragment and immediately afterwards. To whatever cause it may have been due, whether in part to the interest excited by the Puppet-play, or to the influence of Lessing's literary genius, or to the new tumult of speculative thought in Germany in which the old problems wrought into the Faust legend were rehabilitated, it is certain that the press in Germany poured forth work upon work of a dramatic character, in every one of which the central figure was Dr. Faustus. Of these, some no doubt have perished, perhaps not undeservedly, almost in the hour of birth.

PRINCIPAL DATES IN CONNECTION WITH THE PUBLICATION OF GOETHE'S "FAUST."

1. Faust. Ein Fragment. Von Goethe. Aechte Ausgabe. Leipzig, bei Georg Joachim Göschen, 1790. kl. 8°. 168 S.

[This fragment, the first printed, contains only those scenes composed by Goethe prior to nis residence in Weimar. This fragment also appeared in the seventh volume of Goethe's writings, published in eight volumes by the same firm, 1787-90. The seventh volume is dated 1790.]

2. Faust. Eine Tragödie von Goethe. Tübingen, in der I. G. Cottaschen Buchhandlung, 1808. 12°. 309 S.

[The first appearance in print of the complete first part. The dates sometimes mentioned, 1806 and 1807, are incorrect.]

3. Göthe's Werke. Stuttg. u. Tübingen. Cotta, 182733. 16o.

[The fourth volume of this pocket edition, bearing the date