mores; 1 Dane; and but 58 Scots! making a total of 4,851 foreigners.

A great part of the remainder of the volume is occupied with the Queen of Scots's affair; a subject which, if at all touched upon, would require more sheets than we could afford lines; hence we can only refer to an excessively interesting account of an interview which a Mr. White had with her in February, 1568-9, at Tutbury. The manner in which she passed her time, her pursuits, and her conversation, are detailed at considerable length.

To find one nobleman suggesting to a minister to send a spy into the house of another, exhibits a frightful picture of the state of society. The Earl of Huntingdon, in 1570, after speaking of the suspicious conduct of the Earl of Derby, who, he says, was surrounded by "mannye wycked counsellors and sum to neare hym," and that" there is one Broune a conjurour in hys housse kepte secretly," adds,

"And surelye in my symple opynyone, yf you send sum faythfulle and wyse spye that woulde dyssemble to cum from D'Alva, and dyssemble poperye, you might understand all."-P. 603.

Many papers are inserted relative to the duke of Norfolk, who was committed to the Tower, and ultimately executed for some supposed treasonable designs, the most heinous of which, in Elizabeth's eyes, was his wish to marry the Queen of Scots. The extent to which he offered to be regulated by Elizabeth in choosing a fourth wife, though he was then only thirty-three years of age, is not generally known after promising never to prosecute his suit to Mary, he observes,

"And as for maryage eyny other wher, althowh att thys tyme my yll helthe and thys place ys unfyte to thynke of any suche matter yeat herafter as I schall fynd that ytt may best content your Hynesse apon seeing and consyderyng off fytte persons, I wyll the soner applye my selfe therto for your Majestyes better satysfactyon.”—P. 571.

Numerous as are our extracts from this invaluable Collection, the admirers of " Kenilworth," and whom does that term not include? would not think we had properly performed our duty, if we omitted the notices, which are to be found, of the fair Amy Robsart, the unfortunate wife of the Earl of Leicester.

During his imprisonment in the Tower, in September, 1553, she was ordered to be allowed access to him1; but the subjoined letter describes the rumours which were then afloat respecting her tragical fate; and which, as we have seen, Cecill includes among his objections to the Earl's marrying the Queen.

1 P. 182.

UNTO THE RIGHT HONORABLE SIR FRANCIS KNOILS AND SIR WILLIAM CECILL, KNIGHTS, AND TO EITHER OF THEM BE THESE dd.

The grace of God be unto your honors, with mi humble commendations and harte thanks in Christ for that it hath pleased God to place you in autorite with wisdome, and willes to advance his glore, the Quene's Majestie's godli honor, and the peaceable welthe of this realme; and that also I am well assured of your favorable minds towards me to take in writing according to mi meaning faithfulli, reverentli, and lovingli. Therefore am I moved, and boldned bi writing to signifie unto you, that here in these partes, semeth unto me, to be a grevous and dangerous suspition, and muttering of the death of hir, wich was the wife of my Lord Robert Dudlei. And now mi desire and trust is that the rather bi your godli, discrete devise and diligence through the Quene's Majesties autorite, ernest searching and triing out of the truethe with dwe ponishment, if ani be founde gilte in this mater, mai be openli known. For if no search nor inquire be made and known, the displeasure of God, the dishonor of the Quene, and the danger of the whole realme is to be feared; and bi dwe inquire and justice openli known, sureli God shalbe well pleased and served, the Quene's Maiestie wortheli commended, and her loving subjects comfortabli quieted. The Lord God guide you by his grace, in this and all other your godli travels, as he knoweth to be most expedient in Christ. Scriblet at Coventre the 17th of Septembre bi youre faithfulli in Christ.

THOMAS LEVER1.-P. 362.

Our review of Mr. Haynes's labours will be concluded by pointing out two or three words which have struck us as being singular. The Duke of Norfolk used the word " brag" synonymously with proud, vain; and of which Archdeacon Nares has cited an example:

"Thus being here in the rewle of oure newe captain, whom I dare in no wise displeasure, for that he is so bragge of his newe offyce."— P. 275.

But "redubbe" has, we believe, escaped our lexicographers. In a letter from Queen Elizabeth to Lord Grey and the council in the North, in 1560, she says,

"This doth much greve us, that any such occasion shuld be given to them; and we mervell much that any maner of person of our army shuld notefye to the Scotts any lack or dout of our proceding either for want of money or such lyke: wherefore we require you all by the best meanes that ye can, to redubbe this, and to establish the Scots in good comefort."-P. 292.

And the Privy Council, speaking of the same subject, ob

serve,

"And lyke as hir Majestie wryteth presently to yow, how much

From the original.

this miscontenteth hir, for respect of hir service; so have we thought mete, after our harty thanks gyven to yow all, for your great paynes and aventures in this service, to advertise yow that it is necessary to redubbe this wound gyven '."-P. 293.

The Aurelian, or Natural History of English Insects, namely, Moths and Butterflies; together with the Plants on which they feed, &c.-By Moses Harris, Secretary to the Aurelian Society. London, 1766, folio.

Ar a period when Natural History is making such gigantic strides in this country, and has assumed the rank of a philosophic science, we shall offer no apology for presenting to our readers a brief retrospective account of some of the early promoters of that particular branch, which, in conjunction with Botany, &c. serve no less to engage the attention of the deepest reasoners, than to enliven the daily walks of those who, "remote from cities," must seek enjoyment in

"Rural scenes, compensating their loss

By supplemental shifts, the best they may."

Entomological readers will therefore, we hope, be gratified by a reference to the original cultivators of a science which, in its practical departments, is so capable of administering to the subordinate and minor interests of a country life.

Our confined limits will not admit of entering so minutely as we could wish into the subject under consideration; but before we speak of the great Aurelian himself, we shall briefly specify the names and dates of the most eminent writers and promoters of the science among our own countrymen.

The first we shall mention was Thomas Mouffet, who, in 1634, published in London a ponderous Latin folio, embellished with numerous wood engravings, wretchedly executed; a work, however, in other respects by no means destitute of merit, and which was subsequently translated by Edward Topsel, chaplain of St. Botolph's. It was followed, in 1667, by the "Pinax Rerum. Naturalium Brittanicarum" of Dr. Merrett, one of the earliest members of the Royal Society. This is the first publication which gives an account of British insects exclusively. The small number énumerated proves how slight a progress the science of entomology had made in his time. In 1668 appeared Martin Lister's "Tractatus de Araneis," in conjunction with three

The word also occurs in a letter from the Duke of Norfolk to Queen Elizabeth, in September, 1571: “O most graciouse Soveraigne Lady, how many have rune astraye who finding mercie have afterwardes with good service, redubbed their former follies."Murdin's State Papers, p. 133.

other tracts on natural history. Lister is a name which reflects honour on his country, as being one of those few whose minds are sufficiently powerful to push the boundaries of science far beyond the limits at which he found them. All his writings are even now valuable, for he studied Nature, which never changes. It is no small praise to his memory, that his arrangement of the Testaceous Mullusca is the foundation upon which all the systems of the moderns are built. Lister considered the nature of the animal: Linnæus looked only at its empty shell: and thus the power of a name, eminent in other respects, actually caused a retrograde movement in this particular branch, from which it did not recover for more than a century. The next in chronological order was James Petiver, another early member of the Royal Society, who in 1717 published a folio on British butterflies; but he had little merit beyond that of an arduous and indefatigable collector. As a proof of his unwearied industry, we may mention that his museum was purchased by his friend Sir Hans Sloane for no less than 40007., a very large sum for that period. A second edition of Petiver's valuable work was published in 1718. The well-known name of Sir Hans Sloane is the next on record, to whom we stand indebted for several works productive of infinite benefit to science, by the general spirit of emulation they excited both in Britain and on the continent. Of that bright ornament to science, Ray, and his friend and patron Willoughby, we have already spoken more at large in a former number. The works which next in succession attract our attention are those of Eleazer Albin and Professor Bradley. The former edited, in 1731 and 1736, quarto works on British insects, and the latter about the same time a "Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature;" both of which indicated that their authors were incompetent to follow the path opened to them by the genius of Ray. At p. 190, the latter refers to the Dutchess of Beaufort, Sir Hans Sloane, Mr. Vincent, Dr. Rysch, Mr. Seba, and Mr. Danbridge, as patrons of science and possessors of curious and extensive cabinets. After his decease, this particular branch seems to have lain dormant for about twenty years; when Dr. John Hill, in 1758, published a folio translation of Swammerdam's large work on insects, which was followed by some other similar works. In 1769, John Berkenhout, M.D. published his first volume of the "Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain," containing as many insects as he could then ascertain to be indigenous, amounting to about 600 species; a number, we may observe, about half that of the present list of

Vol. xiv. art. i.

Lepidoptera alone. Indeed, John Reynold Forster's "Catalogue of British Insects," published at Warrington in 1770, the most extensive list then extant, contained but few more than 1000. Soon after, the celebrated names of Drury and Wilks appear as authors of splendidly illustrated works on entomology. We may form some idea of the extensive collection possessed by the former, when the number of insects in his cabinet amounted to 11,000, that the sale of his museum lasted three days, and that one particular insect, namely, that figured in pl. 40 of vol. iii. was sold for no less a sum than twelve guineas. Yates, and Curtis the founder of the Brompton Botanical Garden, respectively produced some smaller works about this time, explanatory of the Linnæan system, but otherwise possessing little merit or originality. After these, we come to the author before us, justly quoted as one memorable in the annals of British entomology, and as having contributed more perhaps than any other individual to the knowledge of the British Lepidopterous insects.

Our gleanings in search of particulars for a biographical history are so very meagre and scanty, that they scarcely deserve even the name of a sketch; but such as they are we give them. An indefatigable zeal and attachment to natural history seems to have been a marked feature in his family, for he tells us, that from his uncle and namesake, Moses Harris, a member of an old established Aurelian Society, he had derived the first rudiments of a science to which, from infancy, he had been strongly attached. That Society held its sittings at the Swan Tavern, in Change Alley, a spot, we should have thought, as little conducive to rural speculations as could well have been selected. Here, however, amidst their collections and books, and decorated with their "Regalia," they ever and anon met, and "until age should ripen and furnish him with sufficient sagacity whereby he might become fitting for the company of that curious and ingenious body of people" was young Moses Harris obliged to wait ere he could be admitted as a member; an era, alas! in his life for which he was doomed to sigh in vain, and a pleasure of which he laments that he was deprived by a most untoward event, namely, the great fire in Cornhill, which at one fell swoop put an end to the Society's existence, and very nearly to that of every individual member; for so intensely were they occupied in their discussions that the flames were beating against the windows before they were

1 He was subsequently engaged to accompany Captain Cook.

Drury's collection was considered as the most extensive one of that day, yet how insignificant it was in comparison with those now existing, may be judged of by the fact, that Mr. Stephens's cabinet contains more than 5000 species of British insects alone, and that it is annually enriched by new discoveries. Mr. Swainson's exotic collection has double the number of those possessed by Drury.