arrival of the vessel at her final port of discharge, more than twentyfour hours after such arrival, shall, for each offense, be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred and fifty dollars. (R. S., 4292.)

36. He must see that the ship's log-book is properly kept.

37. He must see that the property of deceased persons is disposed of according to law.

38. He must not depart from the safest and most usual course in making a passage between the designated ports of his voyage, unless under instruction from legal authorities, as in time of war.

40. He must not depart from port, unless authorized to do so by the proper port or other authorities.

41. He must see that all drills and inspections required by law are carried out and record of same made in the official log-book.

42. In case of collision he must stand by, and give the name and hailing port of his vessel, if required.

43. He must make the required reports to the U. S. Local Inspectors, concerning all matters laid down in their rules.

44. He must see that his officers stand proper watches and conform to all the requirements of the law.

45. He must see that the licenses of all licensed officers are exhibited as required by law.

46. He must see that the requirements of the vessel's Certificate of Inspection are rigidly adhered to-passengerssteam pressure-etc.

47. He should report promptly to his owners, and to the U. S. Local Inspectors, all details regarding accidents.

48. He must see that orderly conduct is maintained by his passengers as well as his crew-He must regularly inspect the quarters and accommodations assigned to them-must see to the ventilation-warmth-and cleanliness-of sleeping and dining rooms, and the cleanliness of kitchens, pantries, store rooms, bath rooms and lavatories.

49. He should be familiar with the regulations of the customs authorities of the ports to which he is trading. He should know the customs districts, ports and sub-ports of entry in the United States.

50. He should study the navigation laws of the United States.

51. Being MASTER, he should really be a Master Mariner in every sense of the word. He should know his ship, her cargo, whatever it may be, and he should never be satisfied until he is skilled in every branch of the art of navigation and seamanship.

52. He has the authority to suspend officers from duty, for cause, and in the case of mutinous conduct at sea, he is justified in putting in irons any member of his crew, or any officer, or passenger, when the safety and discipline of the vessel require such action.

53. At sea, or outside any legal jurisdiction, he is justified, as a matter of protecting the lives and property in his care, to take human life, when other measures are inadequate to this end.

54. He may be called upon to set a leg, or saw it off— to deliver a woman in childbirth-to perform the marriage ceremony-or to read the burial service at sea.

55. In the event of disaster; he must see to the safety of all hands, passengers and crew.

56. When his vessel founders, he must be the last man to leave the ship.

CHAPTER II

LAWS AFFECTING THE DUTIES OF THE MASTER

THE principal laws of the United States affecting the duties and responsibilities of the Master are appended. Much of the bulk of the law, having to do with the construction of vessels and their fitting, and regulating the methods of inspection and control are omitted, and only those parts are given that directly affect the Master himself.

Much of the law, to the mind of a sailor, could be boiled down and simplified-perhaps some day sailors will go to Congress and do this-in the mean time the best that can be done is to make an attempt to unscramble the hodgepodge of rules, regulations, specifications, penalties, and what not, that fill the bulky red volume issued by the Bureau of Navigation, Department of Commerce.

Master's oath of citizenship. Upon making application for registry of a vessel.

If the master of a vessel is within the district where a registry thereof is to be made, when application is made for registering the same, he shall himself, instead of the owner, or of the agent, or attorney, as hereinafter mentioned, make oath touching his being a citizen, and the means whereby or manner in which he is citizen; in which case, if the master shall knowingly swear to anything untrue, no forfeiture of the vessel, on account of such false oath, shall be incurred, but the master shall be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars. (R. S., 4144.)

Change of master.

When the master or person having the charge or command of a registered vessel is changed, the owner, or one of the owners, or the

new master of such vessel, shall report such change to the collector of the district where the same has happened, or where the vessel shall first be after the same has happened, and shall produce to him the certificate of registry of such vessel, and shall make oath, showing that such new master is a citizen of the United States, and the manner in which or means whereby he is so a citizen. Thereupon the collector shall indorse upon the certificate of registry a memorandum of such change, specifying the name of such new master, and shall subscribe the memorandum with his name; and if other than the collector of the district by whom the certificate of registry was granted, shall transmit a copy of the memorandum to him, with notice of the particular vessel to which it relates; and the collector of the district, by whom the certificate shall have been granted, shall make a like memorandum of such change in his book of registers, and shall transmit a copy thereof to the Commissioner of Navigation. If the change is not reported, or if the oath is not taken, as above directed, the registry of such vessel shall be void, and the master or person having the charge or command of her shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars. (R. S., 4171-July 5, 1884; sec. 2.) Master must produce ship's register when entry is made.

The master or other person having the command or charge of any vessel, recorded in pursuance of this Title [R. S., 4131-4305], shall, on entry of such vessel, produce the certificate of such record to the collector of the district where she is so entered; and in default thereof the vessel shall not be entitled to the privileges of a recorded vessel. (R. S., 4184.)

Offenses against the registry law.

Every collector or officer who knowingly makes, or is concerned in making, any false register or record, or who knowingly grants or is concerned in granting, any false certificate of registry or record of or for any vessel, or any other false document whatever touching the same, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this Title [R. S., 4131-4305], or who designedly takes any other or greater fees than are by this Title allowed, or who receives any voluntary reward or gratuity for any of the services performed, pursuant thereto; and every surveyor or other person appointed to measure any vessel, who willfully delivers to any collector or naval officer a false description of such vessel, to be registered or recorded, shall be punishable by a

fine of one thousand dollars, and be rendered incapable of serving in any office of trust or profit under the United States. (R. S., 4187.)

If any person authorized and required by this Title [R. S., 41314305] to perform, as an officer, any act or thing, willfully neglects to do or perform the same, according to the true intent and meaning of this Title, he shall, if not subject to the penalty and disqualification prescribed in the preceding section, be punishable by a fine of five hundred dollars for the first offense, and by a like fine for the second offense, and shall thenceforth be rendered incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the United States. (R. S., 4188.)

Whenever any certificate of registry, enrollment, or license, or other record or document granted in lieu thereof, to any vessel, is knowingly and fraudulently obtained or used for any vessel not entitled to the benefit thereof, such vessel, with her tackle, apparel, and furniture, shall be liable to forfeiture. (R. S., 4187.)

No sea-letter or other document certifying or proving any vessel to be the property of a citizen of the United States shall be issued, except to vessels duly registered, or enrolled and licensed as vessels of the United States, or to vessels which shall be wholly owned by citizens of the United States, and furnished with or entitled to sealetters or other custom-house documents. (R. S., 4190.)

Every person who knowingly makes, utters, or publishes any false sea-letter, Mediterranean passport, or certificate of registry, or who knowingly avails himself of any such Mediterranean passport, sea-letter, or certificate of registry, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than five thousand dollars, and, if an officer of the United States, shall thenceforth be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the authority of the United States. (R. S., 4191.) Provisions and water.

Should any master or owner of any merchant vessel of the United States neglect to provide a sufficient quantity of stores to last for a voyage of ordinary duration to the port of destination, and in consequence of such neglect the crew are compelled to accept a reduced scale, such master or owner shall be liable to a penalty as provided in section forty-five hundred and sixty-eight of the Revised Statutes. (R. S., 4564. Dec. 21, 1898; sec. 12.)