Resolved, That there be printed, for the use of the Senate, fifty thousand copies of a Compendium of the Seventh Census, to be arranged by the Superintendent of the Census, embracing the population by towns and counties; the ratio tables of population; tables of nativities, births, marriages, and deaths; of the deaf, dumb, blind, insane, and idiotic; of schools and colleges; of aggregates of occupations; of churches; of newspapers and libraries; and of agricultural products; and also a table showing the number of acres of land in cultivation in each of the principal staple productions of the soil, and the aggregate number of acres in cultivation in each of the States and Territories of the United States, with illustrative notes and comparative tables: Provided, The Compendium shall be printed in royal octavo form, and not exceed four hundred pages.
CENSUS OFFICE, Washington, Sept. 1, 1854.
TO THE HON. R. MCCLELLAND,
Secretary of the Interior.
In the volume which is now handed you-though restricted in size by the order of Congress-will be found a very full compendium of the Census Statistics of the United States from the earliest period, together with all of the tables embraced in the quarto publication of 1850, with the few exceptions noted below. To these has been added. a large amount of information collected for the first time from the returns and from other official sources, with illustrative notes, and ratio and comparative tables.
In lieu of the classification of ages by counties and their subdivisions, the births, marriages, and deaths, the church and school statistics by counties, and the occupations by States, I have inserted, as of wider interest, county tables in the following particulars-of population, white, free-colored and slave, native and foreign, male and female, in 1850, with the aggregate in 1840, and the changes of county organization within that time; of college, private school and public school scholars, with the revenues appropriated to each; the total educational income; the illiterate; the number of persons within the school age, and the actual average of scholars in the year; of the number of farms; and the capital, product, and amount of labor in manufactures, mining, and the mechanic arts. The occupations and the number of births, marriages, and deaths, are given in States and in great sections of the Union, and the specific ages and nativities in all the leading cities.
The tables embraced in the volume have been examined and revised, involving in most cases a re-examination of the returns, during which care was taken to exhaust, by way of illustration, for certain cities, counties, or States, every source of information embodied in them. This would have been done for the whole Union had time and the means at my disposition admitted. As it was, however, the time and labor actually expended will, I trust, be amply repaid in the results. Never before has so large a part of the census material, collected by such expensive machinery, been made available by the government, for popular use, in compact and systematic form.
The statistics of manufactures and of mortality, which alone remain of the census, will be ready for publication by the meeting of Congress, and can be included, if desired, in a volume of the size of the present. For other suggestions in relation to the administration of the office and the history of the census system of the United States, I beg to refer you in particular to the Introductory Chapter.
V.-PROPERTY, REVENUE, TAXATION, &c.
VI. STATISTICAL DETAIL OF CITIES, TOWNS, COUNTIES, &c.
APPENDIX.
In table XII the population of Alabama, in 1820, is taken at the figures first reported, since they have invariably been admitted into all the government publications, except one, and any changes would have created dis turbances in all of the calculations, without materially affecting the general results. By a note to the table it will be seen that the number was subsequently ascertained to be larger. On page 29, had space admitted, the following particulars of the expense of the census of 1850 would have been added: Enumeration, $463,588; travel, $176,668; agricultural items, $145,112; other industry, $18,278; mortality, $6,492; social statistics, $9,278; copying, $101,021. These are as near as can be ascertained, and are exclusive of extra pay in California. In a few copies of the House edition some points escaped before their correction. The only ones of any note were to read fres inhabitants in Table III, Appendix, and .1 instead of 1. in page 115, showing proportion of foreigners in Ireland. To correct the proportion of males and females in the Southwest and Northwest in 1850, in Table XXVI; to change the proportion, in Table CLI, of those "actually at scho1" in Great Britain, exclusive of Scotland, from 1 in 7 to 1 in 10.2; and the home manufactures in Table CXC. In the Senate edition a few additional tables are also published.
ACADEMIES-Statistics of, and other schools, 142;
annual income of, 142; number of scholars in, 142.
AGES-White, per cent. of, to total population, 51;
comparative male and female, 55; difference of
white male and female, 57; average of whites, free
colored and slave, 103; preponderance in favor of
certain ages accounted for, 104.
AGRICULTURE-Ratio of, in the States in 1850, 170;
productions of, in States and Territories in 1840-250,
170 to 174; live stock of, in States and Territories in
1840-50, 170; products of, in the United States ag-
gregated for 1840-250, 174; ratio of farm land to area,
and crops to population in the several sections of the
United States, 1850-240, 175; value of products of,
in the United States, 1850, 176. (See Crops.)
ARKANSAS-Average mortality of, in 1850, 106; live
stock and agricultural products of, 1840-50, 170-174;
statistics of counties in detail, 194.
ALABAMA-Live stock and agricultural products of,||
1840 and '50, 170-174; county statistics in detail, 194.
AREA-Of North America, 31; of each slope, and
ratio to total United States, 33; proportion of slave-
holding to non-slaveholding States, 36; ratio of farm
land to whole area in the several sections of the
United States 1850-'40, 175.
ASSESSMENTS-Of property in States and cities,
AUSTRIA-Number of churches in, and proportion||
of sects, 137; school system of, 147.
BASINS Of the Old World, compared with those
drained into the Gulf of Mexico, 33.
BALTIMORE-Total number of deaths in 1850, 108.
BELGIUM-Proportion of deaf and dumb in, 111.
BIRTHS-Difficulty of ascertaining, 57; male and fe-
male, proportion of each in various countries, 101;
proportion of, in Massachusetts, 104; proportion of,
in Great Britain, France, Russia, &c. 104; propor-
tion of, in the United States, 104; white and free
colored and ratio to total population, 1850, 111; na-
tive and foreign in Boston, 122; native and foreign
in the U. States compared 122; table of, in England
and Wales, 107.
BLIND-Ages of, in 10 States, 59; number of in U.
States in 1830, 40 and 50, 60; aggregate by census
of 1850, 111; proportions of, in Prussia, France,
&c., 111; ratio of white and colored to total white
and colored, 113; of slave population, 93; (see free
colored.)
BOSTON-Number of families and dwellings in, 100;
marriages and births in, of native and foreign, 122.
BRITISH CENSUS SYSTEM, 21.
BUREAU OF STATISTICS-Proposed, 18; system
in Europe, 20.
CALIFORNIA-Proportion of families to dwellings
in, 100; estimate of population 122; live stock and
agricultural products of 1840 and 50, 170-174; coun-
ty statistics of, 200; State census, 394.
CANADA-Emigrants to, and route taken, 125.
CARLISLE TABLE-A useful reference, 120; prin-
ciple of calculation, 119.
CENSUS-Its advantages and accuracy, 10; United
States system from 1790 to 1850, 11; schedules and
history of, 1850, 12-13; schedules which were pro-
posed in Congress, 14; future proposed schedules,
15-17; defects in the enumeration system of, 17; in
the office organization, 18; system of Europe, 20;
of the several States and Cities of the Union, 23-28;
cost of each, since 1790 and rate of compensation,
29; machinery of census office, 29; compendium of
census of 1850, 30; California State of, 1852, 394.
CENSUS-British as compared with American, 61.
CHARITIES-In Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New
Jersey, Georgia and South Carolina, 161; private
expended in Charleston, 161; amount of, from be-
nevolent private sources, 162; amount of, expended
in various cities, 162; amount expended in England,
Wales, &c., 162; statistics of Order of I. O. O. Fel-
lows, 163.
CHARITY HOSPITAL, N. O.-Reports for twelve
years, 110.
CHARLESTON, S. C.-Slave importations in 1804,
'05, '06 and '07, 83; total number of deaths in 1850,
108; ages of persons dying in 1850, 108.
CHURCHES-Buildings used as, in the United
States, 132; accommodations of in United States,
136; number of by comparison of sects to population,
136; accommodation of to square mile, 137; per cent.
of accommodation to population in Great Britain,
137; number of in Prussia and proportion of sects,
137; number in Switzerland and Austria, 137;
denominations of, condensed from annual publica-
tions in the United States, 137; value and ae-
commodation of, to the area of the United States,
138; ratio of accommodations and values, 139;
value and accommodation of, for the several great
sections, 139; preponderance of denominations of,
in various sections, 140; property and value of, in
several large cities, 140; ratio of leading sects
to whole church accommodations, 140; number
of regular clergymen in the United States, 132;
property of, amount in the United States, 132-134
religious denominations, 133; property of, comparison
by sects, 136; what are considered minor sects, 132.
CITY CENSUS AND STATISTICS, 29.
CITIES, TOWNS, &c.-American and foreign, com-
parative distances, 35; in the United States, 339;
ages of population 395-399; nativity of city popula-
tion 395-399; comparative population of largest,
192; comparative population of others-1840 and
'50, 193.
COLLEGES-Number of scholars in, 142; annual in-
come of, 141; number of theological, medical and
law, 145.
COLUMBIA, DISTRICT OF-170-174; statistics of
in detail, 200.
CONNECTICUT-Proportion of families to dwellings
in, 100; live stock and agricultural products of,
1840 and 50, 170-174; county statistics of, 206.
CONVICTS-Number of, in penitentiaries in several
States, 1850, 165; white and free colored, ages and
nativities of, 165; proportion of, in jails, houses
of correction, &c., to total population, 167; clas-
sified by sex and color in States named for 1840,
167; proportion of white to whole white population,
167; proportion of colored to whole colored popula-
tion, 167; description of, in France, 1852, 168.
COMMERCE-Estimated home and foreign of United
States in 1850, 183; estimated western river, 183; of
principal colonies prior to the revolution 1700-76,
184; of United States, 1789-1854, 185; Imports of
principal States, from 1821 to 1853, 186; Exports of
principal commercial States from 1791 to 1854, 187;
imports of leading articles into the United States
from 1821 to 1853, 187; Exports of certain leading
articles from the U. States, 1821-1853, 188; of the
United States with several foreign nations, 1790 to
1853, 188; ratio of, to population of United States,
1790-1853, 188; of lakes in 1852, 191.
COMPENDIUM OF THE CENSUS-Its plan, 30.
CORRECTION-Persons in houses of, classified, 165.
COTTON-Average prices of, in various years, 191.
COUNTIES-Statistics of all the counties in United
States, 194-338.
CRIME-Materials of the census respecting, 165;
amount of, in England, Wales and Ireland, 168.
CRIMINALS-Statistics of, 165; whole number of,
convicted within the year, 165; number in prison,
June 1, 1850, 165.
CROPS-Ratio of, to population, 175; proportion of
certain to each person, 1850, in the geographical di-
visions, 175; land cultivated in the several, of United
States, 1849-50, 176; actual, per acre on the average
as returned by the marshals, 1849-50, 178.
DEAF AND DUMB-Ages in 1830 and '40, 59; num
ber in United States in 1830, '40 and '50, 60; aggre-
gate by the census of 1850, 111; ratio of white and
colored to total white and colored, 113; of slave
population, 93; (see free colored,) proportion of, in
Belgium, G. Britain, Italy and Europe generally, 111.
DEATHS-Difficulty of ascertaining, 58; ratio of, to
100 families, 99; total of, in each State and ratio to
population, 105; annual proportion to whole popula-
tion in certain European countries, 107; proportion
to 100 persons by Dr. Simonds and Dr. Barton, 110;
white and free colored and ratio to total population
in 1850, 111; proportion of native to foreign and re-
marks thereon, 121; table of, in England and Wales,
107; number of, in Philadelphia and Baltimore in
1850, 108; ages of persons dying in 1850, 400.
DEBT-Of each State in the United States, 190.
DELAWARE-Live stock and agricultural products
of 1840 and '50, 170-174; county statistics of in de-
tail, 210.
DISTILLERIES AND BREWERIES-Statistics of,
in 1850, 182.
DWELLINGS-How enumerated, 99; what are so
considered, 99; ratio to 100 inhabitants, 99; propor-
tion of families to, in the U. States, Rhode Island,
California, Utah, Oregon, Louisiana, Connecticut,
Massachusetts, Great Britain and Ireland, 100; ratio
of persons to, in European States, 100; number
of, in Ireland, Boston, Paris, London and Liver-
pool, 100.
EDUCATION-Objections to census statistics of,
140-1; lands appropriated by government for edu-
cational purposes to 1st January, 1854, 146; condi-
tion of, in England, France, Wales, &c., 149; statis-
tics of, in 1840, white and free colored, 150-1; age
of population for purposes of comparison with, 151;
free colored, mulatto and black in four States, 154.
(See colleges, academies and schools.)
ELECTORAL VOTE, 50.
EMANCIPATION-Progress of, in the States, since
EMIGRATION-Tables of, from Great Britain, 124;
not yet checked by wars in Europe, 124; amount of
through Canada to the United States, 124.
ENGLAND. Wales, tables of births, marriages and
deaths in, 107.
EUROPEAN STATES-Ratio of persons to dwell-
ings and families, 100; proportion of deaf and dumb
in, 111; school system of, 147-8.
EXPENDITURES-Of each State in U. States, 190.
FAMILIES-How enumerated, 99; ratio of, to 100
dwellings, 99; ratio of dwellings to, in great geo-
graphical divisions, 100; proportion of dwellings to,
in United States, Rhode Island, California, Utah,
Oregon, Louisiana, Connecticut, Massachusetts, G.
Britain and Ireland, 100; ratio of persons to, in
European States, 100; number of, in Boston, Paris,
London and Liverpool, 100.
FARMS-Number, value, &c., of, in States and Ter-
ritories in 1850, 169.
FISHERIES-Statistics of the United States, 183.
FLORIDA-Live stock and agricultural products of
1840 and '50, 170-174; county statistics of, 210.
FOREIGN-Vote of in the United States, 50. Pro-
portion of, in various sections, 122.
FOREIGNERS-Proportion in slave and non-slave-
holding States, 115; nativities of, in the U. States,
119; those having native children in various coun-
ties, 119; mortality of, compared with native, 119;
estimates of, and their descendants in 1840 and '48,
120; arrivals of, in the United States each year from
1790 to 1854, 122; in United States not naturalized,
123; disproportion of non-naturalized to naturalized
in Boston, 1845, 123; amount remitted by, to England
in four years, 123; proportion of, that reside in cities
as enumerated, 123.
FRANCE-Future population of, from past ratios, 132;
school system of, 147.
FREE COLORED-Families and dwellings of, 67;
proportion of males to females 67; male and female
at every census, 67; increase of males and females,
68; proportion of 100 males to females, 68; ages of,
69; classification of ages and sex, 70; proportion of
different ages to total, 73; proportion of males to
females in 1840 and '50, 73; ages of, separating blacks
and mulattoes, 74; ratio per cent., in 1850, 75;
births, deaths and marriages, 75; deaf and dumb,
blind, 75; deaf and dumb and blind, &c., in 1850, 77;
ages of deaf and dumb, blind, &c., in 1850, 77; ages
of idiotic and insane, 78; nativities of, in U. States,
67; ratio per cent. of, to total born in State, 79; na-
tivities of, in Connecticut, Louisiana, New York and
New Orleans, 79; occupations of, in Connecticut,
Louisiana, New York and New Orleans, 80; number
and increase of, 87; deaf and dumb, blind, insane and
idiotic in 1830, 40 and '50, 93; nativities of deaf and
dumb, &c., in 1850, 112.
FREE PERSONS-Relation of those born in, to those
born out of each section of the U. States, 115.
GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS--Per centage of each,
38; population and density of, and other divisions,
42; ratio of dwellings to families in, 100; proportion
of certain crops to each person in, in 1850, 175.
GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS-Of the several
States, 23-28.
GEORGIA-Amount of charities in, 161; live stock
and agricultural products of, 1840, 50, 170-174;
commerce of, prior to the revolution 1700-76, 184;
county statistics of in detail, 210-217.
GERMANS-Destination of, from Hamburg and Bre-
men, 123.
GERMANY-School laws in, 147.
GREAT BRITAIN-Proportion of families to dwell-
ings in, 100; system of registration of, 105; propor-
tion of deaf and dumb in, 111; emigration from, 124;
occupations of population in 1841, 130; future popu-
lation of, from past ratios, 132; per cent. of church
accommodations in, 137; denominations in, 137;
total at schools in 1851, 148; number of schools in
1851, 149.
HAVANA-Average mortality of, in 1842, 106.
IDIOTIC-Ages of in 10 States, 59; number of, in
United States in 1830, '40 and $50, 60; aggregate by
census of 1850, 111; ratio of white and colored to
total white and colored, 113; of slave population,
93. (See F. Colored.)
ILLITERATE-Ratio of, in the great geographical
sections, 152; ratio of native, foreign and colored.
153; proportion of native to foreign white, of 5 and
under 15 in the great geographical divisions, 153;
foreign and native, white and free colored, 152,
proportion of foreign and native, white and free
colored, 152.
ILLINOIS-Live stock and agricultural products of,
1840, 50, 170-174; county statistics of, 218 229.
IMMIGRANTS-Descendants of, since 1790 living
in United States in 1850, 120; productive ratio of,
122.
IMPRISONMENT-Ratio of, condensed from State
Reports, 167.
INDIANÁ-Live stock and agricultural products of,
1840 and 50, 170-174; county statistics of, 225-235.
INDIANS-Unrepresented and untaxed, in June, 1850,
41; number of, in territory of United States, and
number of some of largest tribes of, 191.
INSANE-Ages of, in 10 States, 59; number of in U.
States in 1830, 40, 50, 60; aggregate by census of
1850, 111; ratio of white and colored to total white
and colored, 113; proportion of slave population,
93; (See F. C.)
INSTITUTIONS-Scholars and income of Educa-
tional, 141.
I. O. O. F.-Charities of, and ratio between States,
163.
IOWA-Live Stock and agricultural products of,
1840 and 50, 170-174; county statistics of 231-241.
IRELAND-Proportion of families to dwellings in,
100; number of dwellings in, 100.
ITALY-Proportion of deaf and dumb in, 111.
KENTUCKY-Live stock and agricultural predicts
of, 1840 and 50, 170-174; county statistics, 237–247.
LANDS-Appropriations by government to the dif
ferent States and summary of the same, 146; farm-
ing and improvements in, in 1850, 169; average im-
provement in various sections to 100 acres, 169;
holders of, in certain counties of several States,
175; crops cultivated on, in United States, 176;
cultivated, uncultivated, &c., in England, Scotland
and Ireland, &c, 177.
LIBRARIES-Other than private, in the U. States,
159; number and volumes of, by Prof. Jewett, 159;
chief universities in Europe, in 1848 ranked, 160;
date of foundation of some, in Europe, 160; whole
number of volumes in public, of some principal
cities in Europe in 1848, 160; European, in 1848,
and number of printed and manuscript vols., 160.
LIFE TABLE-Principle of calculation of, 119.
LIVERPOOL-Number of houses and families in,
LONDON-Number of houses and persons in, 100.
LOUISIANA-Proportion of families to dwellings
in, 100; average mortality of, in 1850, 106; live
stock and agricultural products of, 1840 and 50,
170-174; county statistics of, in detail, 243-253.
MAINE-Live stock and agricultural products of,
1840 and '50, 170-4; county statistics of, 249-253.
MANUFACTURES-Persons employed in, each
State in 1820, 40 and '50, 129; products of 1850, 179;
statistics of cotton and woollen, in 1850, 180; sta-
tistics of pig iron and iron casting, in 1850, 180,
statistics of wrought iron, 182; statistics of salt, in
United States for year ending 1st June 1850, 183,
MARRIAGES-Difficulty of ascertaining, 58; ratio
of, in several States, 104; white and free colored
and ratio to total population, 1850, 111; white per-
sons, ages and nativities of, 111; native and for-
eign compared, 122; native and foreign in Boston,
122; of slaves not noted in census, 92; table of,
in England and Wales, 107.
MARYLAND-Average mortality of, in 1850, 106, live
stock and agricultural products of 1840 and 250, 170-
174; county statistics of, 249-253.
MASSACHUSETTS-Proportion of families to dwel-
lings in, 100; registration reports of, 105; amount
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