them to fall back, while our regiment pressed forward, charging through the fallen timber and driving the enemy beyond the fence in rear of the camp of General Palmer's brigade, some eighty rods distant, when they again formed and made another stand. It was at this time that the brave Colonel Champlin received a severe wound, which prevented him from taking further part in the action.

"I also beg leave to call your attention to the gallant Captain Judd, who fell while bravely leading our sharp-shooters in the early part of the action. He was one of the 'bravest of the brave,' and his loss will be deeply regretted by the regiment and all who knew him."

Prince De Joinville, having watched the determined and persistent fighting of the Michigan troops at Fair Oaks, says in his able report of the operations of McClellan's army on the Peninsula of Berry's brigade:

"Meanwhile Heintzelman rushes to the rescue with his two divisions. As at Williamsburg, Kearney arrives in good time to re-establish the fight. Berry's brigade of this division, composed of Michigan regiments, (2d, 3d, and 5th infantry,) and an Irish battalion, advanced firm as a wall into the midst of the disordered mass which wanders over the battle-field, and does more by its example than the most powerful reinforcements. About a mile of ground has been lost, fifteen pieces of cannon, the camp of the division of the advanced guard, that of Gen. Casey, but now we hold our own."

The 3d was in the engagement at Groveton (or Bull Run) August 29th, losing twenty killed and a large number missing, and at Chantilly on September 1st.

This regiment, in command of Col. Byron M. Pierce, on the 1st of November, left Edward's Ferry, Maryland, and, marching by Warrenton, encamped at Falmouth November 23d. Crossing the Rappahannock on the 13th of December, it was under fire three days at the first battle of Fredericksburg, sustaining a loss of nine in wounded.

The regiment was also specially engaged at Chancellorsville, being in the 3d brigade, 1st division, (Birney's,) 3d corps, (Sickles',) one of the divisions which formed part of the troops composing the reconnoissance in force made by Gen. Sickles to ascertain the position of Stonewall Jackson, who was threatening an attack on the extreme right of our army. In this movement Gen. Sickles became cut off from his communications, which were afterwards regained by a desperate night attack. Colonel B. R. Pierce, then commanding the regiment, in his report mentions the affair as follows:

April 28, 1863, we broke camp and once more moved towards the Rappahannock, crossed it at United States Ford May 1st, and moved up near the Chancellorsville House and went into position, supporting the first line of battle. On the 2d we were moved to the front and drove the enemy four miles, but soon found that he had turned the right flank of the 11th corps and that we were nearly cut off, but fell back to near our position of the morning before, and there charged the woods at 10 P. M. and opened communication with the main army. At daylight of the 3d we were fired into by the enemy, and after a long and severe struggle were forced back one mile to a new position, which we held until the morning of the 6th, when we recrossed the river and occupied our old camps, our whole loss in this movement was sixty-three killed, wounded, and missing."

The attack on the morning of the 3d was most desperate; the infantry of the enemy were advanced in overwhelming numbers for the of purpose crushing the Federal line, but were checked by the forces of Sickles and Slocum. The 3d lost in this hard-fought battle sixty-three in killed, wounded, and missing. Among the killed was Capt. Joseph Mason.

The regiment was engaged at Gettysburg July 2d, 3d, and 4th, and sustained its share of the desperate rebel attack upon the 3d corps near "Round Top." Its losses in the three days were forty-one killed, wounded, and missing.

On the 7th of November, 1863, the 3d, in command of Lieut. Col. M. B. Houghton and then serving in the 2d brigade, 3d division, 2d corps, moved forward with the Army of the Potomac to Kelly's Ford, on the Rappahannock, and thence marched to Brandy Station, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, where it went into camp. On the 26th the regiment took part in the Mine Run campaign, engaging the enemy on the 27th at Locust Grove and on the 30th at Mine Run. Having fallen back with the army, it again arrived at its camp at Brandy Station on the 2d of December, having lost during the movement thirty-one killed, wounded, and missing. On the 23d of December one hundred and eighty of the regiment re-enlisted as veteran volunteers. Returning to this State, these veterans were given the usual furlough of thirty days, at the expiration of which they returned to the regiment. Crossing the Rapidan at Ely's Ford on the morning of the 4th of May, 1864, the regiment advanced and encamped at Chancellorsville. On the three following days the regiment participated in the battles of the Wilderness, sustaining a heavy loss, including Capts. Andrew Nickerson and Milton Leonard, killed on the 6th. It was also engaged at Todd's Tavern on the 8th. On the 12th, at Spottsylvania, it participated in the successful charge of the 2d corps, capturing a number of prisoners and two rebel battle flags. Prior to this engagement the 3d was consolidated temporarily with the 5th infantry. The regiment also took part in the engagement on the North Anna river; thence it marched to the Pamunkey, which it crossed on the 27th and advanced toward Cold Harbor, and took part in the fight at that place on June 7th. In addition to the engagements mentioned, the 3d also participated in a number of minor actions and skirmishes. Its loss during the month of May was 31 killed, 119 wounded, and 29 missing. On the 9th of June, at Cold Harbor, Va., the regiment, with the exception of the re-enlisted men and such as had joined since the date of original organization and certain designated officers, were ordered to proceed to this State for the purpose of being discharged. The remaining officers and men were formed into a battalion of four companies and attached to the 5th Michigan infantry. The order consolidating these regiments was confirmed by special orders of the War Department issued on the 13th of June, 1864. On the 20th day of June the organization, which had been one of the first in the field, was formally mustered out of the United States service.

The career of this regiment was brilliant throughout the war, and, while it maintained its reputation for bravery and effective service in all other engagements, Fair Oaks, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg stand out prominently in its glorious record.

The regiment having been mustered out of service on the 20th of June, orders were issued from the Adjutant-General's office of the State to reorganize the regiment. Col. M. B. Houghton, of the old regiment, was authorized to proceed with this duty, and the camp was fixed at Grand Rapids. The regiment left for the field in Tennessee on the 20th October following, proceeding to Nashville, and from thence to Decatur, Alabama. On the 23d of November, while stationed there, its advance picket on the Moulton and Courtland road was driven in, when five companies moved out and encountered a small force of the enemy, driving it back without loss. On the 25th the regiment moved towards Murfreesboro', Tennessee, arriving there on the 27th, and was ordered to duty at Fort Rosecrans. While Gen.

Milroy was engaged at the Cedars, with the principal part of Forrest's command, Faulkner's brigade of mounted infantry, on the 7th of December, made a dash on the picket line at Murfreesboro', driving in the pickets, and gaining possession of the town, when four companies of the regiment, together with four companies of the 181st Ohio, with a section of artillery, after a spirited engagement of an hour, repulsed the enemy, re-establishing the picket line, drove him for nearly two miles, when the command was withdrawn and returned to the fort. On the 9th, while the regiment was on a foraging expedition, it came up with the rear guard of the enemy, consisting of the 7th and 12th Kentucky mounted infantry, taking five prisoners. On the 15th it marched to the relief of a supply train which had been attacked on the way from Stevenson, Ala., and on approaching the point a skirmish took place, when the force retired, leaving their dead and wounded on the ground.

Although going into service late in the war, with but little opportunity offered to make its record, this regiment fully demonstrated its reliable fighting qualities and acquitted itself with credit, maintaining to the fullest extent, when occasion offered, the gallant reputation of the old 3d.

THE FOURTH INFANTRY.

The 4th infantry went to the field with great dispatch, in command of the lamented Colonel Woodbury, who had recruited and organized it at Adrian. The regiment was in the first Bull Run engagement, and retired from that field in good order, covering the retreat of the Union army from that disastrous affair. It went to the Peninsula with General McClellan, and was the first regiment to open fire upon the rebels at New Bridge, May 24, 1862—the commencement of what are known as the seven days' battles, when five companies of the regiment crossed the Chicahominy a short distance above New Bridge, wading the stream under a heavy fire. The gallantry of the regiment was made at the time the subject of a dispatch to the War Department from General McClellan, which mentioned the affair as follows: "Three skirmishes to-day. We drove the rebels from Mechanicsville seven miles from New Bridge. The 4th Michigan about finished the Louisiana Tigers. Fifty prisoners and fifty killed and wounded." The 4th, in common with the other Michigan regiments, maintained the honor of our State, and nobly acquitted itself in all the engagements of the Peninsula campaign, but probably in none more so than in the sanguinary conflict at Malvern Hill, where it became conspicuously and specially noticeable in resisting the numerous and desperate charges of the rebels on its lines, the men fighting until all their cartridges were expended, then using those taken from the boxes of their fallen comrades. On that field fell its brave commander, Colonel Woodbury, while at the head of his regiment. His military career had been as bright as the record of his regiment, and had he been spared, his services would have placed him high in rank and fame, as he was gifted with all the requisites to render success certain. It also lost two other meritorious officers, Captains Du Puy and Rose, while Captain Spalding and Lieutenants Gordon and Earle were wounded, and from June 26th to July 1st, both inclusive, the aggregate loss in the regiment was 53 killed, 144 wounded, and 49 missing. In a report made by Captain John F. Randolph immediately following the engagement, he says:

"The enemy commenced the attack about 2 P. M., and at 4 o'clock the action became general. The regiment held its ground against fearful odds until its ammunition was expended, when it fell back, contesting every foot

of the ground until relieved by the 2d New Jersey. At evening the action closed, and we again held our first line. Our loss was heavy in both officers and men. It was here Captain Richard Du Puy fell, while gallantly leading his men.

"On the following morning our position was again changed, and about 3 P. M. the enemy appeared in our front in heavy force. We were ordered to advance, and in a few moments came within range of the enemy, when we opened a destructive fire. Colonel Woodbury was everywhere present, and by his example and courage inspired every one with renewed vigor. About half an hour after the action commenced he was mortally wounded, the ball penetrating the head just above the right eye. While being borne from the field his last words were: 'Good-bye, boys.' Captain A. M. Rose was also killed about the same time.”

At Shepherdstown Ford, September 21, it forded the Potomac in face of a battery, killed and drove off the enemy, and captured the guns. The regiment was also in the battles at Fredericksburg, December 13th and 14th, where its casualties were 9 killed, 41 wounded, and 1 missing.

On the 30th and 31st of December the regiment was engaged in a reconnoissance to Morrisville, making a march of thirty-three miles on the latter day. It was engaged in a movement of the 20th of January, 1863, but, marching only a few miles, returned to camp near Falmouth, where it remained until May 1st. May 4th it participated in the battle of Chancellorsville, with a loss in killed, wounded, and missing of 30.

Following the regiment to Gettysburg, we find it prominently engaged on that important and bloody battle-field, bearing a part of the brunt with the 5th corps, and sustaining a loss of 26 killed, 66 wounded, and 79 missing. Among the killed was its noble commander, Colonel H. H. Jeffords, a gallant and patriotic officer, who was killed by a rebel bayonet while rescuing the colors of his regiment from traitorous hands, and among the wounded were Captains French, Robinson, and McLean, and Lieutenants Brown, Vreeland, Barrett, Westfall, and Seage.

After the death of Colonel Jeffords, Lieutenant-Colonel Lombard assumed command of the regiment.

In the battle of the Wilderness, the 4th being in the 2d brigade, 1st division, (Griffin's,) of the 5th corps, became heavily engaged with loss. Greeley says:

"At noon General Griffin, whose advance had been driven in, was ordered to push forward the 1st division of the 5th corps to the right and left of the turnpike and feel the enemy. An advance of less than a mile, stretching across the turnpike, brought them in contact with the enemy, under Lieutenant-General Ewell, posted on a wooded declivity. A sharp engagement ensued for an hour, when the pressure of the enemy could no longer be resisted. General Griffin's division was driven back, leaving two pieces of artillery in the hands of the enemy."

In this engagement fell Colonel Lombard and Captain W. H. Loveland, the former while gallantly leading his regiment, and the latter while bravely doing his duty. The Colonel died next day, and Captain Loveland on the 31st of the same month, both efficient and courageous officers. Malvern Hill, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness will never be forgotten by the survivors of the 4th Michigan.

On the night of the 7th the command moved towards Spottsylvania, arriving at Laurel Hill on the morning of the 8th. It here became engaged with the enemy, and again on the 9th. On the 10th it assisted in a charge upon and capture of the enemy's rifle pits, losing 20 killed and wounded.

On the 11th and 12th the regiment was in the advanced lines of the corps, and on the 13th and 14th was engaged as skirmishers. On the evening of the latter date the command moved to the left of the army near Spottsylvania Court-house, and remaining there until the 19th, it then took part in the movement to the North Anna river, which it crossed on the 24th near Jericho Mills, the regiment participating in the engagement at this place. On the night of the 26th the regiment recrossed the North Anna river and marched to Hanovertown, crossing the Pamunkey river on the 28th. On the 29th, 30th, and 31st of May, and 1st of June, it was engaged as skirmishers, and on the 3d it participated in the capture of the enemy's line of works near Bethesda Church. On the 5th the regiment marched to Bottom's Bridge, and on the 14th crossed the James river at Wilcox's Landing, whence it proceeded to the lines in front of Petersburg, where it arrived on the 16th. On the next day the regiment was engaged as skirmishers, and on the 19th participated in the engagement of that date, losing eight killed and wounded.

The term of the regiment having expired on the 19th of June, 1864, it returned to the State on the 26th, and on the 28th the companies were mustered out of service. A portion of the regiment remained in service on duty with the 1st infantry, and served with it until the close of the war, when they joined the new organization.

The regiment was reorganized under orders of July 26, 1864, Col. J. W. Hall, late lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, taking command of its camp at Adrian. On the 22d of October following it left Adrian, and arrived at Decatur, Ala., on the 28th, in time to participate in the defence of that town, which had been attacked by the rebel army under Hood. In this engagement it lost five in killed and wounded, establishing a reputation in the field worthy of the brave old regiment.

General Meade at Chancellorsville directed General Griffin to send two regiments to hold an important point. The General reported to him that he had sent them. General Meade asked, "Can they hold it?" Griffin replied, "General, they are Michigan men." Meade insisting on being assured, said emphatically, "Can they hold it?" Griffin quickly and emphatically answered, "General, they can hold it against hell!" They were the 4th and 16th Michigan.

THE FIFTH INFANTRY.

The 5th infantry, usually designated the "Fighting Fifth," left Detroit for Virginia on the 11th of September, 1861, commanded by Colonel Henry D. Terry, and first commenced to battle for the Union and freedom at Williamsburg, on May 5th following, while serving in Berry's brigade of Kearney's division. In this engagement the regiment behaved with great gallantry, and was eminently efficient; but sustaining a loss, in a force of 500, of 34 killed and 119 wounded, including among the killed Lieut. James Gunning, and among the wounded Lieutenant-Colonel S. E. Beach. On May 31st it went into the action at Fair Oaks with a force of about 300, losing 30 killed, 116 wounded, and 5 missing, Captain L. B. Quackenbush and Lieutenant Charles H. Hutchins being among the killed, and Lieut. Charles S. Traverse mortally wounded, and died on the 22d July following. It was again engaged on the Chicahominy June 25th, at Peach Orchard on the 29th, and at Charles City Cross-roads on the 30th, where it lost 51 in killed, wounded, and missing. Among the killed was Lieutenant W. T. Johnson, and among the wounded Major John D. Fairbanks, commanding