charge with an identical or reasonably equivalent item of replacement equipment.

(3) The dealer who effects remedy pursuant to this section without charge shall receive fair and equitable reimbursement for such remedy from the manufacturer.

(4) The requirement of this section that remedy be provided without charge shall not apply if the motor vehicle or item of replacement equipment was purchased by the first purchaser more than 8 calendar years (3 calendar years in the case of a tire, including an original equipment tire) before (A) notification respecting the defect or failure to comply is furnished pursuant to section 151, or (B) the Secretary orders such notification under section 152, whichever is earlier.

(5) (A) The manufacturer of a tire (including an original equipment tire) presented for remedy by an owner or purchaser pursuant to notification under section 153 shall not be obligated to remedy such tire if such tire is not presented for remedy during the 60-day period beginning on the later of (i) the date on which the owner or purchaser received such notification or (ii) if the manufacturer elects replacement, the date on which the owner or purchaser received notice that a replacement tire is available.

(B) If the manufacturer elects replacement and if a replacement tire is not in fact available during the 60-day period, then the limitation under subparagraph (A) on the manufacturer's remedy obligation shall be applicable only if the manufacturer provides a notification (subsequent to the notification provided under subparagraph (Á)(ii)) that replacement tires are to be available during a later 60-day period (beginning after such subsequent notification), and in that case the manufacturer's obligation shall be limited to tires presented for remedy during the later 60-day period if the tires are in fact available during that period.

(b) (1) Whenever a manufacturer has elected under subsection (a) to cause the repair of a defect in a motor vehicle or item of replacement equipment or of a failure of such vehicle or item of replacement equipment to comply with a motor vehicle safety standard, and he has failed to cause such defect or failure to comply to be adequately repaired within a reasonable time, then (A) he shall cause the motor vehicle or item of replacement equipment to be replaced with an identical or reasonably equivalent vehicle or item of replacement equipment without charge, or (B) (in the case of a motor vehicle and if the manufacturer so elects) he shall cause the purchase price to be refunded in full, less a reasonable allowance for depreciation. Failure to adequately repair a motor vehicle or item of replacement equipment within 60 days after tender of the motor vehicle or item of replacement equipment for repair shall be prima facie evidence of failure to repair within a reasonable time;

15 U.S.C. 1415

unless prior to the exploration of such 60-day period the Secretary, by order, extends such 60-day period for good cause shown and published in the Federal Register.

(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term "tender" does not include presenting a motor vehicle or item of replacement equipment for repair prior to the earliest date specified in the notification pursuant to section 153(a) on which such defect or failure to comply will be remedied without charge, or (if notification was not afforded pursuant to section 153 (a)) prior to the date specified in any notice required to be given under section 155 (d). In either case, such date shall be specified by the manufacturer and shall be the earliest date on which parts and facilities can reasonably be expected to be available. Such date shall be subject to disapproval by the Secretary.

(c) The manufacturer shall file with the Secretary a copy of his program pursuant to this section for remedying any defect or failure to comply, and the Secretary shall make the program available to the public. Notice of such availability shall be published in the Federal Register.

ENFORCEMENT OF NOTIFICATION AND REMEDY ORDERS

SEC. 155. (a) (1) An action under section 110 (a) to restrain a violation of an order issued under section 152(b), or under section 109 to collect a civil penalty with respect to a violation of such an order, or any other civil action with respect to such an order, may be brought only in the United States district court for the District of Columbia or the United States district court for a judicial district in the State of incorporation (if any) of the manufacturer to which the order applies; unless on motion of any party the court orders a change of venue to any other district court for good cause shown. All actions (including en forcement actions) brought with respect to the same order under section 152(b) shall be consolidated in an action in a single judicial district, in accordance with an order of the court in which the first such action is brought (or if such first action is transferred to another court, by order of such other court).

(2) The court shall expedite the disposition of any civil action to which this subsection applies.

(b) If a civil action which relates to an order under section 152 (b), and to which subsection (a) of this section applies, has been commenced, the Secretary may order the manufacturer to issue a provisional notification which shall contain

(A) a statement that the Secretary has determined that a defect which relates to motor vehicle safety, or failure to comply with a Federal motor vehicle safety standard, exists, and that the manufacturer is contesting such determination in a proceeding in a United States district court,

(B) a clear description of the Secretary's stated basis for his determination that there is such a defect or failure,

(C) the Secretary's evaluation of the risk to motor vehicle safety reasonably related to such defect or failure to comply,

(D) any measures which in the judgment of the Secretary are necessary to avoid an unreasonable hazard resulting from the defect or failure to comply.

(E) a statement that the manufacturer will cause such defect or failure to comply to be remedied without charge pursuant to section 154, but that this obligation of the manufacturer is conditioned on the outcome of the court proceeding, and

(F) such other matters as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation or in such order.

Issuance of notification under this subsection does not relieve the manufacturer of any liability for failing to issue notification required by an order under section 152(b).

(c) (1) If a manufacturer fails to notify owners or purchasers in accordance with section 153 (c) within the period specified under section 153(b), the court may hold him liable for a civil penalty with respect to such failure to notify, unless the manufacturer prevails in an action déscribed in subsection (a) of this section or unless the court in such an action restrains the enforcement of such order (in which case he shall not be liable with respect to any period for which the effectiveness of the order was stayed). The court shall restrain the enforcement of such an order only if it determines, (A) that the failure to furnish notification is reasonable, and (B) that the manufacturer has demonstrated that he is likely to prevail on the merits.

(2) If a manufacturer fails to notify owners or purchasers as required by an order under subsection (b) of this section, the court may hold him liable for a civil penalty without regard to whether or not he prevails in an action (to which subsection (a) applies) with respect to the validity of the order issued under section 152(b).

(d) If (i) a manufacturer fails within the period specified in section 153 (b) to comply with an order under section 152(b) to afford notification to owners and purchasers, (ii) a civil action to which subsection (a) applies is commenced with respect to such order, and (iii) the Secretary prevails in such action, then the Secretary shall order the manufacturer

(1) to afford notice (which notice may be combined with any notice required by an order under section 152(b)) to each owner, purchaser, and dealer described in section 153 (c) of the outcome of the proceeding and containing such other information as the Secretary may require;

(2) to specify (in accordance with the second and third sentences of section 154 (b) the earliest date on

15 U.S.C. 1416

15 U.S.C. 1417

15 U.S.C. 1418

which such defect or failure will be remedied without charge; and

(3) if notification was required under subsection (b) of this section, to reimburse such owner or purchaser for any reasonable any necessary expenses (not in excess of any amount specified in the order of the Secretary) which are incurred (A) by such owner or purchaser; (B) for the purpose of repairing the defect or failure to comply to which the order relates; and (C) during the period beginning on the date such notification under subsection (b) was required to be issued and ending on the date such owner or purchaser receives notification pursuant to this subsection.

REASONABLENESS OF NOTIFICATION AND REMEDY

SEC. 156. Upon petition of any interested person or on his own motion, the Secretary may hold a hearing in which any interested person (including a manufacturer) may make oral (as well as written) presentations of data, views, and arguments on the question of whether a manufacturer has reasonably met his obligation to notify under section 151 or 152, and to remedy a defect or failure to comply under section 154. If the Secretary determines the manufacturer has not reasonably met such obligation, he shall order the manufacturer to take specified action to comply with such obligation; and, in addition, the Secretary may take any other action authorized by this title.

EXEMPTION FOR INCONSEQUENTIAL DEFECT OR FAILURE TO

COMPLY

SEC. 157. Upon application of a manufacturer, the Secretary shall exempt such manufacturer from any requirement under this part to give notice with respect to, or to remedy, a defect or failure to comply, if he determines, after notice in the Federal Register and opportunity for interested persons to present data, views, and arguments, that such defect or failure to comply is inconsequential as it relates to motor vehicle safety.

INFORMATION, DISCLOSURE, AND RECORDKEEPING

SEC. 158. (a) (1) Every manufacturer shall furnish to the Secretary a true or representative copy of all notices, bulletins, and other communications to the dealers of such manufacturer or to owners or purchasers or motor vehicle or replacement equipment produced by such manufacturer regarding any defect or failure to comply in such vehicle or equipment which is sold or serviced.

(2) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall disclose to the public so much of any information which is obtained under this Act and which relates to a defect which relates to motor vehicle safety

or to a failure to comply with an applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standard, as he determines will assist in carrying out the purposes of this part or as may be required by section 152.

(B) Any information described in subparagraph (A) which contains or relates to a trade secret or other matter referred to in section 1905 of title 18, United States Code, shall be considered confidential for purposes of that section and shall not be disclosed; unless the Secretary determines that disclosure of such information is necessary to carry out the purposes of this title.

(C) Any obligation to disclose information under this paragrph shall be in addition to and not in lieu of the requirements of section 552 of title 5, United States Code.

(b) Every manufacturer of motor vehicles or tires shall cause the establishment and maintenance of records of the name and address of the first purchaser of each motor vehicle and tire produced by such manufacturer. To the extent required by regulations of the Secretary, every manufacturer of motor vehicles or tires shall cause the establishment and maintenance of records of the name and address of the first purchaser of each item of replacement equipment other than a tire produced by such manufacturer. The Secretary may, by rule, specify the records to be established and maintained, and reasonable procedures to be followed by manufacturers in establishing and maintaining such records, including procedures to be followed by distributors and dealers to assist manufacturers to secure the information required by this subsection; except that the availability or not of such assistance shall not affect the obligation of manufacturers under this subsection. Such procedures shall be reasonable for the particular type of motor vehicle or tires for which they are prescribed, and shall provide reasonable assurance that customer lists of any dealer and distributor, and similar information, will not be made available to any person other than the dealer or distributor, except where necessary to carry out the purpose of this part.

DEFINITIONS

SEC. 159. For purposes of this part:

(1) The retreader of tires shall be deemed the manufacturer of tires which have been retreaded, and the brand name owner of tires marketed under a brand name not owned by the manufacturer of the tire shall be deemed the manufacturer of tires marketed under such brand name.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in regulations of the Secretary:

(A) The term "original equipment" means an item of motor vehicle equipment (including a

15 U.S.C. 1419