Louis XI. inclusive; The Renaissance from Charles VIII. to Henry IV. (1610); The Reigns of Louis XIII. and XIV. (1610 to 1715); The Reign of Louis XV.; The Reign of Louis XVI. and the Revolution (1774 to 1800). In the parts of this gallery devoted to the early portion of the medieval period, splendid manuscripts and illuminations constituted a striking feature. The identity of style observable in the illuminations of certain very ancient Persian or Arabian manuscripts here shown, and those which decorate the productions of the Greek and Latin monasteries, was very curious to notice.

In the Swiss portion of this gallery were to be seen innumerable relics of the famous primitive lake-villages, built on piles, which have recently been discovered, and which Arthur Helps has endeavored so pleasantly in his Realmah to rehabilitate and people with a wise and understanding set of inhabitants. These remains were referred to ages of stone, bronze and iron. Pictures reproducing these ancient Swiss villages were also displayed.

The next circuit of the building to be made was through the Gallery of Fine Arts. Each circuit, of course, became larger as one advanced outward. This gallery was filled with paintings, drawings, sculptures in groups, single figures, busts and medallions; drawings and models in architecture, engravings and lithographs. Vela's Napoleon Mourant was ever surrounded by a throng, watching the figure as though it were a flesh-and-blood reality. The Columbus revealing America of the same artist, a colossal group, was especially interesting to persons from the Canadian side of the Atlantic. An Episode of the Deluge, by Luccardi, obtained the highest prize in sculpture, with the Cross of the Legion of Honour added to it—a fine group, representing a father and mother and infant child, the waters just reaching them. Whilst engaged in making memoranda on the spot of several special coins in a fine ancient collection in the Italian section, I noticed close at hand the quiet hist! of the police, indicating that one was being watched. The special coins pencilled down on this occasion, as not having been seen before, were, I find, a Livia as Justitia, a Livia as Pietas, a Manlia Scantilla, a Lucilla, a Paula, an Orbiana, and a Galeria Valeria; with a Pupianus, a Balbinus, and a Romulus Augustulus.

Again we passed round through the building. Now it was through a gallery bearing over its entrances the inscription-The Materials of the Liberal Arts. These were found to be paper for printing purposes and all purposes; letter-press and printed books; book-binder's work;

drawing materials; applications of drawing and modelling to the useful arts; photographs; musical instruments of all kinds; medical apparatus and surgical instruments of all kinds; things defined to be "instruments of precision, and material for teaching the sciences," that is, astronomical and land-surveying instruments, theodolites, &c., thermometers, barometers, hygrometers, maps geological and otherwise, and plans in relief. Especially noticeable among "printed books" were magnificent large-paper copies of Louis Napoleon's Life of Cæsar, a production likely to be classed hereafter among the curiosities of literature, its author and his position at the time of its composition being considered.

One always knew when he had completed the circuit of the building by finding himself again in the grand vestibule, a wide and noble passage leading straight from the principal entrance of the Palace to the central garden; a passage usually thronged with a mixed multitude, and itself supplied with objects of interest, as, for example, a succession of magnificent specimens of prize plate, won in England by French horses. At several points along the middle of this passage were circles of seats or divans. A vacant spot on one of these was often anxiously watched for in vain by the wearied investigator.

Proceeding again still outwards, we entered the next gallery. This was styled the Gallery of Furniture; in French briefly Mobilier. This term included an immense variety of things: furniture literally, of the most elaborate description; inlaid woodwork, picture frames, paintings on wood, tapestries, carpets, crystal, ornamental glass, window glass transparent and opaque, pottery, cutlery, silver and gold ware, works of art in bronze, silver and iron, watches, chronometers, clocks, heating and lighting apparatus, objects in morocco, brushes, products from woody fibre, &c. Among articles of furniture exhibited was "the cradle of the Prince Imperial." On coming suddenly upon this object, I remember thinking its display here a slight overtax on the public curiosity. A resplendent dinner set in silver gilt, the property of the Emperor, duly arranged on a long dining-table, was also exhibited.

The gallery into which we next passed had the inscription "Vêtement" over it-" Clothing." Here, in addition to articles of dress of all kinds and in every grade of magnificence, we find cotton, hemp and flax fabrics in infinite variety, silk tissues, combed and carded wool, lace, muslin, embroideries, artificial flowers, caps, hats of straw and all other customary material, head-dresses and shoes, precious stones,

enamels, engraved jewellery. Here also were portable fire-arms, travelling apparatus and toys. Life-size and life-like figures, carefully dressed in the costumes of different countries, and of various provinces of different countries, literally "from China to Peru," were set up in divers places within this gallery. The large groups of real precious stones of every name, and of jewel-sets in every variety of form, contributed, not only by numerous manufacturers, but by imperial, royal and other personages in different parts of Europe, were quite fairylandish in character. Here, for one thing, was to be seen the Sancy diamond, once the property of our James II., and sold by him to Louis XIV. for £25,000. In another place I remember a cluster of unwrought emeralds, shown as found in a Russian mine-a number of long, thick, six-sided crystals, of a pure green colour, bristling out irregularly from the sides of a great block of the whitish matrix in which they had been formed.

Another gallery was now to be examined. This was entitled the Gallery of Raw Materials; in French "Matières Premières."

This, though the least showy, was possibly the most instructive of all the galleries to the student. Here the observant traveller, with a design of increasing his practical acquaintance with the products and applications of Natural Science, would have reaped a rich harvest. Here, if the visitor had the time, he could be deliberate, and be but slightly disturbed; for generally speaking the crowd was not great in this zone of the Palace. Here were collections and specimens of rocks, minerals and ores, ornamental stones, marble, serpentine, onyx, hard rocks, refractory substances, earths and clay, sulphur, rock salt, salt from salt springs, bitumen and petroleum, specimens of fuel in its natural state and carbonized, compressed coal, metals in a crude state pig-iron, iron, steel, cast steel, copper, lead, silver, zinc, alloys, products from the washing and refining precious metals, gold beating, electrometallurgy, objects gilt, silvered or coated with copper or steel by galvanic process, products of the working of metals, rough castings, bells, wrought iron, iron for special purposes, sheet iron and tin plates, iron plates for casing ships, copper, lead and zinc sheets, manufactured metal, blacksmith's work, wheels, tires, unwelded pipes, chains, wiredrawing, needles, pins, wire work, and wire gauze, perforated sheet iron, hardware, ironmongery, edge tools, copper and tin ware, other metal manufactures. Such a detail as this of objects, spread over only a very small portion of the Gallery of Matières Premières, gives an idea

of the enormous multitude of matters and things displayed; in the midst of which nevertheless reigned the most perfect order, making examination and study quite possible. Without again being as specific, it will suffice to say, that after these products of mining and metallurgy just named, came products of the cultivation of forests and of the trades appertaining thereto. Then, the products of shooting, fishing, and of the gathering of fruits obtained without cultivation. Then, agricultural products (not used as food), easily preserved; which included among other textile materials, such as raw cotton and hemp, the cocoons of silk worms. Then came chemical and pharmaceutical products. Then specimens of the chemical processes for bleaching, dying, pointing and dressing. Then leather and skins, including gut work. The whole of the Russian department was redolent of Russia leather.

We reached now the sixth gallery, which was nearly a mile round and of extra dimensions. This was the Gallery of Machines, of apparatus and processes employed in the common arts.

All along its middle space was a slightly raised platform, on which appeared a forest of cast-iron with a plentiful undergrowth of the same material; mechanisms great and small applied to every human purpose, most of them busily in action. Here were railway apparatus, telegraph apparatus, civil engineering apparatus, architectural apparatus, navigation and life-boat apparatus.

I subjoin an extract from my memoranda :

"I next undertake the outermost gallery, that of Machines. This is nearly a mile round: it ought to be journeyed through twice for even a cursory view of it, as there is a highway on each side of the central roped-off space in which for the most part the machines are placed, while there is a vast display also of objects round the whole of the sides of each of the passages opposite to the central enclosed space. This part of the building is about twice the height of the interior zones, to give room for machine-structures of considerable altitude when set up. The restless sound of innumerable machines at work is immediately to be heard; their movements also strike the eye; the smell of oil and oily steam salutes the nostrils, but only faintly; the furnaces, the generateurs de vapeur, are placed at intervals outside. Entering as before on the French side I notice a gigantic trophy of iron and steel bars ready to be converted into anything. I pass cannon, fireengines, looms for all fabrics at work, steam-engines of an endless variety of construction, circular saws, brick-making machines, gigantic organs here and there pealing out grand music occasionally amidst the confused machine-babel, steam-pumps bringing in actual rivers of water, distilling apparatus, sugar-making apparatus, models of ships-of-war with their machinery of propulsion. In Prussia,

cannons-one monster weighing fifty tons; revolving cannon; ambulances; a ▷ triumphal arch of imitation marble. In England, locomotive engines; donkey engines; printing presses; electric printing presses; wood-cutting machines; carding machines for wool, cotten and flax; lanterns for lighthouses; coaches; hat-making, sugar-plum-making and sewing machines. Near one of the entrances to this gallery I noticed a gilded pyramid representing the gold produced from the mines of Victoria, in Australia, in fifteen years, viz., 1851-66; its base, 10 feet square; its height, 63 feet; its solid content, 2,081 cnbic feet; value represented, one hundred and fifty millions sterling. In the Australian compartment was a model of a £10,000 nugget."

The outermost circle of all was the Gallery of Food and Drinks: Aliments et Boissons. This gallery was open to the Park all round the exterior wall of the Palace. A projecting verandah-roof extended out over the whole of it. Underneath, in addition to a scientific display behind glass of all sorts of substances in any way connected with the edible and the potable, there was a series of real restaurants, one after the fashion of one nation another after the fashion of another. These establishments were usually thronged, and the scenes presented in a promenade round the whole of the exterior of the Palace were those of a well-peopled Parisian boulevard.

Of the wonderful Park in the midst of which the Palace stood, I have already briefly spoken. I may add that a meandering stream, a cascade and a lake, all artificial, gave variety to its French portion. Also two immense aquaria are specially recalled, one of salt water, the other of fresh, underneath which the visitor might go and see a variety of strange fish sporting above his head as though he were at the bottom of the sea.

A magnificent velum or tapestry awning, green in colour and sprinkled over with golden bees, had a grand classic effect, stretched over the whole of the wide avenue leading from the entrance gate by the Seine up to the principal entrance to the Palace, sustained at regular distances by lofty poles bearing long pendant gonfalons.

Though the Palace with its innumerable satellite appurtenances quickly vanished like a vapour, records of its existence and system were made. The story of its beautiful exemplification of law and order in the midst of an unparalleled multiplicity remains; and that, as I have already hinted, may serve in instances here and there to assist a thoughtful youth to methods by means of which he may, if he will, divide and conquer the domain of human knowledge, and especially that province of it which is occupied by Natural Science and its practical applications.