[§§ 1103-1105] eign countries, and shall take into consideration any applicable laws and requirements of foreign countries and the Board shall not, in exercising and performing its powers and duties with respect to certificates of convenience and necessity, restrict compliance by any air carrier with any obligation, duty, or liability imposed by any foreign country: Provided, That this section shall not apply to any obligation, duty, or liability arising out of a contract or other agreement, heretofore or hereafter entered into between an air carrier, or any officer or representative thereof, and any foreign country, if such contract or agreement is disapproved by the Board as being contrary to the public interest. NATURE AND USE OF DOCUMENTS FILED SEC. 1103. [72 Stat. 797, 49 U.S.C. 1503] The copies of tariffs and of all contracts, agreements, understandings, and arrangements filed with the Board as herein provided, and the statistics, tables, and figures contained in the annual or other reports of air carriers and other persons made to the Board as required under the provisions of this Act shall be preserved as public records (except as otherwise provided in this Act) in the custody of the secretary of the Board, and shall be received as prima facie evidence of what they purport to be for the purpose of investigations by the Board and in all judicial proceedings; and copies of, and extracts from, any of such tariffs, contracts, agreements, understandings, arrangements, or reports, certified by the secretary of the Board, under the seal of the Board, shall be received in evidence with like effect as the originals. WITHHOLDING OF INFORMATION SEO. 1104. [72 Stat. 797, 49 U.S.C. 1504] Any person may make written objection to the public disclosure of information contained in any application, report, or document filed pursuant to the provisions of this Act or of information obtained by the Board or the Administrator, pursuant to the provisions of this Act, stating the grounds for such objection. Whenever such objection is made, the Board or Administrator shall order such information withheld from public disclosure when, in their judgment, a disclosure of such information would adversely affect the interests of such person and is not required in the interest of the public. The Board or Administrator shall be responsible for classified information in accordance with appropriate law: Provided, That nothing in this section shall authorize the withholding of information by the Board or Administrator from the duly authorized committees of the Congress. COOPERATION WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES SEC. 1105. [72 Stat. 798, as amended by 76 Stat. 921, 49 U.S.C. 1505] The Board and the Administrator may avail themselves of the assistance of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and any research or technical agency of the United States on matters relating to aircraft fuel and oil and to the design, materials, workmanship, construction, performance, maintenance, and operation of aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, and air navigation [§§ 1106-1108] facilities. The Board may avail itself of the assistance of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and of any investigatory or intelligence agency of the United States in the investigation of the activities of any person in connection with an aircraft accident. The Board may avail itself of the assistance of any medical agency of the United States in the conduct of such autopsies or tests on the remains of deceased persons aboard the aircraft at the time of the accident who die as a result of the accident, as may be necessary to aid the Board in the investigation of an aircraft accident. Each such agency is authorized to conduct such scientific and technical researches, investigations, and tests as may be necessary to aid the Board and Administrator in the exercise and performance of their powers and duties. Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to authorize the duplication of the laboratory research activities of any existing governmental agency. REMEDIES NOT EXCLUSIVE SEC. 1106. [ 72 Stat. 798, 49 U.S.C. 1506] Nothing contained in this Act shall in any way abridge or alter the remedies now existing at common law or by statute, but the provisions of this Act are in addition to such remedies. PUBLIC USE OF FACILITIES SEC. 1107. [72 Stat. 798, 49 U.S.C. 1507] (a) Air navigation facilities owned or operated by the United States may be made available for public use under such conditions and to such extent as the head of the department or other agency having jurisdiction thereof deems advisable and may by regulation prescribe. (b) The head of any Government department or other agency having jurisdiction over any airport or emergency landing field owned or operated by the United States may provide for the sale to any aircraft of fuel, oil, equipment, and supplies, and the furnishing to it of mechanical service, temporary shelter, and other assistance under such regulations as the head of the department or agency may prescribe, but only if such action is by reason of an emergency necessary to the continuance of such aircraft on its course to the nearest airport operated by private enterprise. All such articles shall be sold and such assistance furnished at the fair market value prevailing locally as ascertained by the head of such department or agency. All amounts received under this subsection shall be covered into the Treasury; but that part of such amounts which, in the judgment of the head of the department or agency, is equivalent to the cost of the fuel, oil, equipment, supplies, services, shelter, or other assistance so sold or furnished shall be credited to the appropriation from which such cost was paid, and the balance, if any, shall be credited to miscellaneous receipts. FOREIGN AIRCRAFT SEC. 1108. [72 Stat. 798, 49 U.S.C. 1508] (a) The United States of America is hereby declared to possess and exercise complete and exclusive national sovereignty in the airspace of the United States, including the airspace above all inland waters and the airspace above those portions of the adjacent marginal high seas, bays, and lakes, over [§ 1109] which by international law or treaty or convention the United States exercises national jurisdiction. Aircraft of the armed forces of any foreign nation shall not be navigated in the United States, including the Canal Zone, except in accordance with an authorization granted by the Secretary of State. (b) Foreign aircraft, which are not a part of the armed forces of a foreign nation, may be navigated in the United States by airmen holding certificates or licenses issued or rendered valid by the United States or by the nation in which the aircraft is registered if such foreign nation grants a similar privilege with respect to aircraft of the United States and only if such navigation is authorized by permit, order, or regulation issued by the Board hereunder, and in accordance with the terms, conditions, and limitations thereof. The Board shall issue such permits, orders, or regulations to such extent only as it shall find such action to be in the interest of the public: Provided, however, That in exercising its powers hereunder, the Board shall do so consistently with any treaty, convention, or agreement which may be in force between the United States and any foreign country or countries. Foreign civil aircraft permitted to navigate in the United States under this subsection may be authorized by the Board to engage in air commerce within the United States except that they shall not take on at any point within the United States, persons, property, or mail carried for compensation or hire and destined for another point within the United States. Nothing contained in this subsection (b) shall be deemed to limit, modify, or amend section 402 of this Act, but any foreign air carrier holding a permit under said section 402 shall not be required to obtain additional authorization under this subsection with respect to any operation authorized by said permit. APPLICATION OF EXISTING LAWS RELATING TO FOREIGN COMMERCE SEC. 1109. [72 Stat. 799, as amended by 75 Stat. 527, 49 U.S.C. 1509] (a) Except as specifically provided in the Act entitled "An Act to authorize the President to proclaim regulations for preventing collisions at sea", approved October 11, 1951 (Public Law 172, Eightysecond Congress; 65 Stat. 406), the navigation and shipping laws of the United States, including any definition of "vessel" or "vehicle" found therein and including the rules for the prevention of collisions, shall not be construed to apply to seaplanes or other aircraft or to the navigation of vessels in relation to seaplanes or other aircraft. (b) The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to (1) designate places in the United States as ports of entry for civil aircraft arriving in the United States from any place outside thereof and for merchandise carried on such aircraft, (2) detail to ports of entry for civil aircraft such officers and employees of the customs service as he may deem necessary, and to confer or impose upon any officer or employee of the United States stationed at any such port of entry (with the consent of the head of the Government department or other agency under whose jurisdiction the officer or employee is serving) any of the powers, privileges, or duties conferred or imposed upon officers or employees of the customs service, and (3) by regulation to provide for the application to civil air navigation of the laws and regulations relating to the administration of the customs laws to such extent and upon such conditions as he deems necessary. [§§ 1110-1111, 1201] (c) The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized by regulation to provide for the application to civil aircraft of the laws and regulations relating to the entry and clearance of vessels to such extent and upon such conditions as he deems necessery. (d) The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized by regulation to provide for the application to civil air navigation of the laws and regulations related to animal and plant quarantine, including the importation, exportation, transportation, and quarantine of animals, plants, animal and plant products, insects, bacterial and fungus cultures, viruses, and serums, to such extent and upon such conditions as he deems necessary. (e) There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to enable the head of any department or agency of the Federal Government charged with any duty of inspection, clearance, collection of taxes or duties, or other similar function, with respect to persons or property moving in air commerce, to acquire such space at public airports (as defined in the Federal Airport Act) as he determines, after consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency, to be necessary for the performance of such duty. In acquiring any such space, the head of such department or agency shall act through the Administrator of General Services in accordance with the procedures established by law which are generally applicable to the acquisition of space to be used by departments and agencies of the Federal Government. SEC. 1110. [72 Stat. 800, 49 U.S.C. 1510] Whenever the President determines that such action would be in the national interest, he may, to the extent, in the manner, and for such periods of time as he may consider necessary, extend the application of this Act to any areas of land or water outside of the United States and the overlying airspace thereof in which the Federal Government of the United States, under international treaty, agreement or other lawful arrangement has the necessary legal authority to take such action. AUTHORITY TO REFUSE TRANSPORTATION SEC. 1111. Subject to reasonable rules and regulations prescribed by the Administrator, any air carrier is authorized to refuse transportation to a passenger or to refuse to transport property when, in the opinion of the air carrier, such transportation would or might be inimical to safety of flight. SEC. 1201. [72 Stat. 800, 49 U.S.C. 1521] The purpose of this title is to establish security provisions which will encourage and permit the maximum use of the navigable airspace by civil aircraft consistent with the national security. • Executive Order No. 10854. [§§ 1202-1203, 1301-1302] SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC SEC. 1202. [72 Stat. 800, 49 U.S.C. 1522] In the exercise of his authority under section 307(a) of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the Department of Defense, shall establish such zones or areas in the airspace of the United States as he may find necessary in the interests of national defense, and by rule, regulation, or order restrict or prohibit the flight of civil aircraft, which he cannot identify, locate, and control with available facilities, within such zones or areas. PENALTIES SEO. 1203. [72 Stat. 800, 49 U.S.C. 1523] In addition to the penalties otherwise provided for by this Act, any person who knowingly or willfully violates any provision of this title, or any rule, regulation, or order issued thereunder shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be subject to a fine of not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment not exceeding one year, or to both such fine and imprisonment. TITLE XIII-WAR RISK INSURANCE DEFINITIONS American Aircraft SEC. 1301. [72 Stat. 800, 49 U.S.C. 1531] As used in this title(a) The term "American aircraft" means "civil aircraft of the United States" as defined in section 101 (15) of this Act, and any aircraft owned or chartered by or made available to the United States, or any department or agency thereof, or the government of any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or any political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia. War Risks (b) The term "war risks" includes, to such extent as the Secretary may determine, all or any part of those risks which are described in "free of capture and seizure" clauses, or analogous clauses. Secretary (c) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Commerce. Insurance Company and Insurance Carrier (d) The terms "insurance company" and "insurance carrier" in sections 1305 (a) and (b) and in section 1307(d) shall include any mutual or stock insurance company, reciprocal insurance association, and any group or association authorized to do an aviation insurance business in any State of the United States. AUTHORITY TO INSURE Power of Secretary SEC. 1302. [72 Stat. 801, 49 U.S.C. 1532] (a) The Secretary, with the approval of the President, and after such consultation with inter |