The Spirit of Laws, 2권Collier, 1900 |
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ancient appears authority Baluzius's edition barbarians Beaumanoir bishops bondmen Burgundians called Capitulary cause census chap Charlemagne Charles Charles Martel Charles the Bald church citizens civil laws clergy Clotharius contrary count court crime custom Défontaines demesnes edition of Baluzius Emperor established false judgment father fiefs Franks freemen French Gaul give Gregory of Tours human Ibid idea imitation inheritance institutions judge judicial combats jurisdiction king king's kingdom lands live Lombards lord Louis the Debonnaire mankind manner Marculfus marriage marry military mind monarchy moral nations nature negative proofs never nobility obliged ordained Pepin person political law possessed pre-historic prince principle privileges progress punishment reason received regulations religion republic Ripuarians Roman law Rome Salic law savage says second race spirit Subject continued things thought tion tribe Ulpian usage vassals Visigoths
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126 페이지 - In every experimental science there is a tendency towards perfection. In every human being there is a wish to ameliorate his own condition. These two...
119 페이지 - ... whole it is the kind of temper most suited to the active life of "such a being as man in such a world as the present one.
8 페이지 - The history of political ideas begins, in fact, with the assumption that kinship in blood is the sole possible ground of community in political functions ; nor is there any of those subversions of feeling, which we term emphatically revolutions, so startling and so complete as the change which is accomplished when some other principle — such as that, for instance, of local contiguity — establishes itself for the first time as the basis of common political action.
44 페이지 - The military habit makes man think far too much of definite action, and far too little of brooding meditation. Life is not a set campaign, but an irregular work, and the main forces in it are not overt resolutions, but latent and half-involuntary promptings. The mistake of military ethics is to exaggerate the conception of discipline, and so to present the moral force of the will in a barer form than it ever ought to take. Military morals can direct the axe to cut down the tree, but it knows nothing...
82 페이지 - Government ever thought; and it has generally left it to the native village community to say what share each man of the village should have in the water; and the village authorities have accordingly laid down a series of most minute rules about it. But the peculiarity is that in no case do these rules " purport to emanate from the personal authority of their author or authors, which rests on grounds of reason, not on grounds of innocence and sanctity; nor do they assume to be dictated by a sense...
32 페이지 - ... the new forms, out of which, by competition and trial, the best is to be selected for the future. The point I am bringing out is simple: one most important prerequisite of a prevailing nation is that it should have passed out of the first stage of...
53 페이지 - All clear ideas are true," was for ages a philosophical maxim, and though no maxim can be more unsound, none can be more exactly conformable to ordinary human nature. The child resolutely accepts every idea which passes through its brain as true ; it has no distinct conception of an idea which is strong, bright, and permanent, but which is false, too. The mere presentation of an idea, unless we are careful about it, or unless there is within some unusual resistance, makes us believe it ; and this...
10 페이지 - In early times the quantity of government is much more important than its quality. What you want is a comprehensive rule binding men together, making them do much the same things, telling them what to expect of each other — fashioning them alike, and keeping them so.
126 페이지 - Improvement in the earliest times as in the latest; though the benefits so obtainable in early society are poor indeed in comparison with those of advanced society. Nature is like a schoolmaster, at least in this, she gives her finest prizes to her high and most instructed classes. Still, even in the earliest society, nature helps those who can help themselves, and helps them very much. All this should have made the progress of mankind — progress at least in this limited sense— exceedingly common;...
37 페이지 - By which I understand him to mean that the mixture of race sometimes brings out a form of character better suited than either parent form to the place and time ; that in such cases, by a kind of natural selection, it dominates over both parents, and perhaps supplants both, whereas in other cases the mixed race is not as good then and there as other parent forms, and then it passes away soon and of itself. Early in history the continual mixtures by conquest were just so many experiments in mixing...