Cæsar, de Bello Gal., 158 (1). California. See Compromise measures. Calhoun's Works, 7 (1), 313 (1), 400 (2),
405 (2), 407 (1, 3, 4), 408 (2), 413 (2), 421 (1), 423 (1), 424 (1, 2), 432 (1), 488 (1), 555 (1).
Campanius, 206 (1), 219 (2). Campbell, Lord, Lives of the Chief Jus- tices, 374 (1), 376 (3). Campbell, Mr. Justice, in Dred Scott's case, citing Bodin, 338 (2); on Ver- delin's slaves, 340 (1), 342 (1), 343 (1); statement of rule of internat. law, 373 (1); on Missouri Compromise, 534-538, 557, 566, (2), 573 (1). Canadian Freeholder, 124 (3). Canciani, Leges Barbarorum, 23 (1), 158 (2).
Canon Law, force of, 29 (1), 95; the De- cretals cited, 157 (1), 160 (1). Capacity for rights, an element of status, 134.
Capitulation of the Dutch at N. Y., Articles
Captivity in war, cause of slavery, 150; of
American Indians, 200. See Indians. Caput, a synonym of status, 40 (2, 3). Carneades, 2 (2).
Cases reported. See the Table of. Caste, defined, 44.
Catron, Mr. Justice, in Dred Scott's case; on property in oneself, 516 (1); Mis- souri Comp., 539-541, 543 (1), 557, 559 (1).
Caucasian, the term, 217. Causes Clèbres, slave cases in, 337 (1), 338, 339 (1), 342, 344. Cession of territory by the States, 410. Chalmers, Pol. Annals, 120 (1), 121 (1), 197 (2), 219 (1), 388 (3).
Hist. of Rev., 118 (1).
Opinions, 117 (2), 122 (2), 126 (2), 129 (2, 3), 218 (1), 242 (1). Charlemagne, slavery in his time, 159 (1);
law of, for rendition of slaves, 340 (1). Charters, colonial, their personal guaran-
tees, 119; construed by personal dis- tinctions embraced in universal ju- risprudence, 207; of English liberty, 135 (1); of Virginia, 228 (1), 234 (1); of Lord Baltimore, 247 (1); Mass. 254 (2), 256 (3); Commission to Cutts, 265 (1); Conn. 270 (1), 273 (2); Providence Pl. 273 (3), and Rh. I. 275 (1); of Duke of York, 278 (2); of W. Penn, 286 (1); Carolina Proprie- tors, 293 (1); Trustees of Ga. 309 (2). Chattel slavery defined, 40; its prevalence
in antiquity, 154; why cognizable by universal jurisprudence, 104; when not cognizable by reason of a uni- versal attribution of rights, 106; how modified on introduction of Chris- tianity, 156; became lawful in the colonies, 206; may have changed in some of the colonies into a different bond status, 210, 368.
Chase, Judge, on distribution of sover- eignty, 469 (2), on limitation of leg- islature, 519 (5).
Chicago Press, case on negro citizenship, 437 (1).
Chipman on Government, 130 (2). Chitty, Commercial law, 119 (1), 120 (1). on Prerogative, 118 (1), 119 (1), 120 (1), 126 (2).
Choate, address before N. Y. New England Soc., 125 (2).
Christianity, its effect on slavery during the Roman empire, 155; in sustaining slavery of heathen barbarians, 159; how far a part of common law, 172; recognition in some colonial codes, 198; negro slavery said to be an in- stitution of, 165 (1).
Christian's notes to Blackstone, 1 (1), 29 (2), 128, 130 (2), 588 (2). Christinæus, 335, 384 (2). Church, the, not authority in law, 12; doctrines of, respecting slavery, 157; enslaving by the Roman, 160, (2, 5). membership, qualification for
Cicero, 5 (2), 24 (1), 29 (2), 87 (2), 154 (3), 426 (2).
Citizen defined by Ch. J. Taney, 412 (2);
negroes held not, in Dred Scott's case, 434; contra by McLean, 435, and Curtis, 436 (2); different meanings of the term in the Constitution, 435. Civil law, use of the word, 7 (3); in Dutch colonies, 221 (1), 277 (2).
Civil liberty, its guarantees in English law,
134; connection with political liberty, 419.
Claim in pais, for delivery of slave, 330 n. Clay, on extension of the Constitution,
423; on State law in U. S. courts,
Cobb, Joseph B., Leisure Labors, 516 (1). Code, civil, Projet du, 15 (1). Code noir of Louis XIV., 343. Coke's Institutes, 4 (3, 4), 13 (3), 27 (2),
28 (1), 32 (1), 127, 128 (1), 131 (1), 135 (1), 136 (1), 137 (1), 141 (1), 174, (1), 211 (1), 218 (2), 507 (1). Colebrooke, Paper on Slavery in India, 203 (2).
Coleridge, S. T., 513 (5), 524 (2). Collamer, Senator, on property in slaves, 581 (1).
Collision of laws, use of term, 97 (3). Colonial Governments, views of their powers, 120, 126; how abrogated by the revolution, 400; law for slavery, 209, 225.
Colonies, origin of law in, 228; negro slavery, when introduced, 205; law of those not first settled by English, 221; private law of, continued after the Revolution, 467. Colonists, their doctrine of the public law of the empire, 120-126; personal laws determining their condition, 196. Colored races, basis of their status in the colonies, 215.
Condition of things, 2; personal, defined,
39; two distinct laws of, in the colo- nies, 216, 226. Congress, its recommendation to colonial conventions, 267 (1), 402 (2); pro- ceedings relative to St. John Parish and the Mecklenburgh decl., 406 (1); of the Revolution had no power over status, 469; question of its power over slavery in the Territories, 525; autonomic power in admission of States, 412, (1).
Correspondence between Gov. of New Neth. and N. E. Commissioners, 268 (5). Confederacy of New England colonies, 268 (5), 329.
Confederation, state sovereignty in, 407 (1); article affecting status in, 522. Conflict of laws, 62, 97.
Connecticut, sovereignty in the freemen of, 126 (4); origin of Gov. 267 (2); slavery in, 212 (2), 359 (4); statute law of colony, 267–273. Conquered countries, their laws continue, 114.
Conspiracy of slaves. See Slaves, insur- rection.
Constitutio juris gentium, meaning of, 152. Constitutions, force of written, 396; if
changeable except in accordance with their own terms, 413; authority is of the nature of customary law, 27, (2); containing legislative changes of ex- isting law, 526, (2); of the several States as restrictive of legislature, 520.
Constitution of the United States, by what people established, 400; evidence of the location of sovereign power, 422; contains private law also, 423, 452; whether it speaks of slaves as prop- erty or as persons, 560.
Constant, M. Benj., 35 (3), 420 (3), 461 (1). Contrary and opposite, the terms distin- guished, 524 (2).
Conversion to Christianity. See Baptism. Convention, revolutionary, at Exeter, N. H. 267 (1).
Convicts, statute against importation of, Va.,232; Md., 250; Conn., 272; Pa., 290.
Coode on Legislative Expression, 20 (3). Cooper's version of Inst., 214 (1). Cornbury, Governor, of N. Y. and N. J.,
283, 280; his instructions, 280 (1). Corpus Juris Civilis. See Roman Law. Comity, reason of the judicial rule so called,
69; error prevalent on this topic, 73, 76, 352; substitute for the ordinary rule, 81; application of the rule to slave cases during the colonial period, 366; question of, in Dred Scott's case, 490 (2).
Commerce, law of, maritime, embracing universal jurisprudence, 89 (1); sla- very under it, 174. Commissioners of the united N. E. Col., 268 (5).
of the U. S. Courts, their office ministerial, 508; judicial au- thority on their action under the fa- gitive slave law, 501 (2), 508 (1). Common law, what is, 31; Jefferson's view, 119 (1); its personal extent in America, 124-129; its extent in the British empire, 131; its effect as a law of condition, 132; its local devel- opment in each colony, 209; none having a national territorial extent in the U. S., 478-482; may operate as a personal law, 480; when sus- taining and when not sustaining sla- very in the colonies, 324, 390. Compact, the theory of the social, not il- lustrated in the U. S., 400 (2), 513 (5); of voluntary compacts in the first settlement of the colonies, 120, 254, 265 (1), 267.
Compromise, the unconstitutionality of the Missouri, 528 (1); the compromise measures of 1850, 563 (1). Comstock, Judge, on power of legislature,
529 (5); on the foundation of prop- erty, 565 (1).
Comte, Traité de Legislation, 7 (2); de la Propriété, 469 (2). Corvinus, Jus Canonicum, 94 (1). Courts of ordinary jurisdiction in the States. their concurrent judicial power, 501. Covarruvias, 204 (2). Cousin, 7 (1).
Cowell's Inst., 207 (3). Crawford, Judge, on judicial power under fug slave law, 502 (2). Criminals, surrender of in Conn., 272; in N. E. Articles of Confed., 268 (5). See Convicts. Cruikshank, Slavery on the Gold Coast, 203 (2).
Curtis, G. T., Commentaries on the Jurisd. &c., of the U. S. Courts, 429 (3), 492 (1), 493 (1, 3), 496 (1, 2), 498 (2), 567 (1), 590 (3); History of the Con- stitution, 120 (1), 126 (2), 314 (2), 400 (2), 401 (1), 406 (1, 2, 5), 408 (2), 518 (2).
Mr. Justice, in Dred Scott's case, 334 (3); slavery a variable status, 358 (5); meaning of citizen, 436 (2); criterion of State law, 490 (2); on the Missouri Compromise, 546-554. Cushing, L. S., on Study of Roman Law, 15 (1), 25 (3), 29 (1). Law of legisla- tive Assemblies, 486 (1), 509 (1). Custom, effect and not cause of law, 26. Customary law, included in positive law,
30, 577; origin of an international, 84; foundation of negro slavery, 206; international in case of slaves during the colonial period, 334; an inter- national, recognized in slave cases, 353; none for slavery in England, 380.
D'Aguesseau, 4 (1), 9 (1), 10 (1), 12 (1), 14 (2), 18 (1), 24 (1), 31 (1). Dane's Abridgment, 408 (2). Daniel, Mr. Justice, on the Roman law
of Libertini, 214 (1, 2); on the status of Africans by the law of nations, 321 (1); on slavery in the Territories, 531-534.
Danish settlements, law in, 219 (2), 221 (1), 291 (1), 344 (2). Debtors required to satisfy by personal ser- vice, statute Conn., 271; Pa., 288. Decisions, judicial, their force, 25, 526 (2); in international law, 33, 330; of the colonial courts, 209. Declaration of Rights of continental Cong.,
126 (2); of Virginia, 246. Declaration of Independence, its effect on personal condition, 467-471; the Mecklenburg, 296, 402 (1), 406 (1). Decretals. See Canon Law. Deferriere, 28 (2).
Definitions, maxim in Digest, 3 (2); who should make them in science, 469 (2).
Delaware, slavery in the settlements on the, 206; statutes of the Col., 291- 293.
Delivery of fugitives on claim, 330. De Maistre, 16 (4), 396 (2). Demosthenes, 5 (2).
Denisart, Decisions Nouvelles, 343 (1), 344 (2).
De Tocqueville, 16 (2), 404 (2), 408 (2). De Tracy, comment. Montesq.1(1), 417 (2). Descent of personal laws, 196, 466; sla- very by. See Birth. Despotic power. See Absolute power. Dew on Slavery, 516 (1). Digest. See Roman Law. Diogenes, Laertius, 2 (2). Dionysius Halicarnassensis, 144 (1). Distributed sovereignty. See Sovereignty. District of Columbia, 453, 563 (1). Doctor and Student, 3 (2), 13 (3), 15 (1), 29 (2), 36 (2).
Domat, 1 (2), 4 (1), 7 (1), 16 (4), 144 (3), 315 (1).
Domicil, personal extent of laws deter- mined by, 49, 112; law of determin.. ing status, and the exception, 109 (1); its importance in the international law of the colonies, 316; case of slave's return to, 384.
Douglas, Summary, 274 (1). Dred Scott's case, opinion of the court,
who are citizens, 412 (2); negroes not citizens, 434; constitution operating as bill of rights, 440 (2), 463 (1), 529; effect of Declaration of Independence, 471 (2); criterion of State law, 490 (2); constitutionality of the Missouri Comp., 528; opinions of Justices Wayne and Grier, 531; of Justices Daniel and Campbell, 531-538; Mr. Justice Catron, 539; Mr. Justice McLean, 541; Mr. Justice Curtis, 546; summary of the opinions, 557; argument against the decision, 560- 570.
Droit, use of term, 146 (1). Dromond's slave, Va., 231. Duck's Treatise, 145 (1). Duer on Insurance, 29 (2). Duke's Laws, the, 278. Dummer's Defence of the N. E. Charters, 118 (1), 129 (1).
Dunning, in Somerset's case, 376 (4), 377. Dumont's Corps Diplomatique, 175 (1). Duponceau on Jurisdiction, 16 (2), 18 (1),
31 (1), 47 (3), 140 (3), 145 (1), 481 (1, 3), 482 (3), 498 (1). Dutch settlements, negro slavery in, 206; civil law in, 277 (2). Dwarris on Statutes, 127 (1).
Edward the Confessor, common law in his time, 131 (2), 172 (1).
Elective franchise, 227; colonial statute law respecting, Va., 232, 238, 242, 246; Md., 254; Mass., 255, 256, 261, 262; Conn., 268, 271; Rh. L., 273 (3); N. J., 286; S. Car., 298, 301. Ellenborough, Lord, on recognition of fo- reign law, 68 (2); on personal laws in India, 216 (1). Elliot's Hist. of N. E, 219 (5), 259 (1), 277 (1).
Elliott's Debates, 408 (2).
Emancipation. See Manumission; Slaves. Encyclopedia Am. vol. vii. See Story. England, local customs in, 99 (1), 116 (2);
law of, its extent in conquered coun- tries, 117; negro slavery in, during colonial period, 170-188; slaves being there, stat. of Va. respecting, 239, 243. England, Bishop, Letters on Slavery, 150 (1), 157 (1), 160 (1), 167 (3). Equality of men, effect of its assertion in
the Declaration of Independence, 468. Equity, distinguished from law only as a method of remedy, 31, n. Euripides, Hec., 459 (2). European race, extent of laws to, the, 217, 320, 324. Evidence.
Existence and realization of relations dis- tinguished, 59.
Extent of law, 80; criterion of it, 96; of English law of personal condition in the empire, 140, 196; not changed by the Constitution, 465. Extradition by the executive, not demand- able in case of slaves during the colo- nial period, 387.
Falck, Juristiche Encyclopädie, 5 (1), 15 (3), 26 (2), 28 (2), 40 (2), 509 (1), 510 (1, 2), 526 (3). Faucher, 22 (1), 46 (2). Federalist, No 39, by Madison, 405 (2),
406 (5); No. 82, by Hamilton, 492 (2), 493 (2), 496 (2), 498 (2). Feudal slavery, nature of, 44; replaced chattel slavery in Europe, 157.
institutions, an illustration of dis- tributed sovereignty, 314 (1), 408 (1).
Feræ naturæ, animals, distinguished from slaves, 385 (1).
Ferguson, Report on Divorce, 383 (2). Fichte, 35 (1).
Final arbiter of power under the Constitu- tion, 430.
Finch, Sir Henry, 27 (2), 29 (1), 32 (1). Fitzherbert, 179 (2). Fleta, 127 (1), 207 (3). Fletcher, Studies on Slavery, 157 (1), 158 (2), 160 (2).
Fœlix, Droit International Privé, 9(1), 15 (1), 29 (2), 65 (1), 75, 78 (1), 86 (1), 99 (1), 100 (2), 109 (1). Foreign commerce, negro slaves in, during the colonial period, 323; power of imperial Government over, 126.
law, its authority, 28, 33, 68, 82; measure of the allowance of its effect, 79, 82.
precedents, their force in inter- national law, 84, 334.
Fortescue de Laudibus, 13 (5), 211 (1). Forum of jurisdiction or of domicil, 83. Foster's Lecture, 7 (1).
France, seridom in, 158, 159, 339 (1), cus- tomary law of in case of slaves, 337- 344.
Franchise. See Elective. Francisque, case of negro in France, 344. Free condition, on what power resting in
Freemen, who, in the sense of electors, in the N. E. colonies, 121; in Mass,262; their action in the Revolution, 401.
Free negroes. See Negroes.
Free persons, sale of such as slaves, statute against, Va., 239, 243, 244; Md. 251; Del. 293.
reduced to servitude by statute, 249, 251 (1), 252, 253.
Freedom, how it may be described, 394; how it may exist, 419, 394; civil, so- cial, and political distinguished, 130, 415; how distinguishable under the laws of the U. S., 459; how, in a sense, impossible, 459 (2). Fueros, the Spanish, 160 (1). Fugitive. See Slaves, servants.
slave law. See Compromise measures. Commissioners, U. S. Functions of sovereignty, their separation, 314 (2); how held by the national Government, 424; theory of their ex- ercise in the Territories, 589-592. Fundamentals, the, general, of Plymouth Col., 254; of Massachusetts Bay Col.,
Gentilis, Albericus, 337 (1).
Georgia, slavery when introduced, 206– 212 (2); statute law of the colony, 309-311.
German empire, an international law of, 100 (1).
Germany, slavery in ancient, 158 (1); slavery not recognized in modern, 161 (2); but law of some districts as to liberty of strangers, 340.
Gerry, Elbridge, life of, 401 (1), 408 (2). Gibbon, 160 (1).
Governments, the colonial, their origin, 117-125; held the local sovereignty, 128; were divested of it by the Rev- olution, 399; not all changed simul- taneously, 403.
the national and the State, do not possess sovereign power, 424, 513-520; powers of the national, 425-427; those of the States are not restricted by the Conct. of U. S. as a bill of rights, 476, 477; power of the State G. over slavery, 517; of the national G. in the Territory, 589–59. Graham, Hist. of U. S., 219 (5), 122 (2), 401 (1).
Granger, speech in Ho. of Rep. 515 (3). Gray, F. C., on Mass. Fundamentals, 258 (2).
Gravina, 16 (4), 147 (3). Greenleaf's Evid., 74 (1), 88 (1). Grier, Mr. Justice, observations on Som- erset's case, 194; on habeas corpus by State judiciary, 495 (7); opinion in Dred Scott's case, 531. Grimké, on a distributed sovereignty, 408 (1).
Groenewegen, law of the Netherlands in
Grotius, 2 (2), 3 (1), 7 (3), 9 (2), 14 (1), 16 (4), 24 (1), 28 (2), 29 (1), 33 (1), 156 (3), 158 (4), 346, 417 (2). Guadentius, de Justinianæi Sæc. Mor., 156 (4). Guarantees distinguished from liberty, 420
(3); the, of liberty in English law, 131; in the constitution of a repub- lican government, 515; guarantee of private property in Cons. of U. S., as protecting slavery, 529.
Gudelin, de Jure Novissimo, 157 (1), 158 (4), 160 (1), 167 (3), 384, 385 (1).
Hakluyt, 164 (1), 177 (1). Hale, Ch. J., 20 (1), 128, 145 (1). Hallam's Mid. Ages, 159 (1); Literature of Europe, 204 (2).
Hall, J. P., address before N. E. Society, 122 (2).
Ham, issue of, 165 (1). Hamilton. See Hedaya.
Alexander. See Federalist. Hammond, Senator, speech on slave ques- tion, 524 (2); writings, 516 (1). Hardwicke, Lord, 185.
Hargrave's argument in Somerset's case, 376 (2), 378 (1).
Harper, Chancellor, 43 (2); 516 (1). Harrington's Analysis, 203 (2). Harrison. See Holinshed. Hartford, government at, 267. Hayward. See Savigny. Hazard's Annals of Pa., 206 (1); Collec- tions, 254 (2), 256 (3), 268 (5), 275 (2), 278 (3).
Heathens, slavery of, 160. Hebrew law in Conn., 268 (2). Hedaya, Mussulman Law of slavery in the, 23 (1), 167 (1, 2).
Heffter, 21 (2), 22 (1), 28 (3), 33 (1), 34 (1), 35 (1), 93 (3), 156 (1). Hegel, 6 (2), 35 (1), 47 (2). Heineccius, 88 (1), 94 (1), 144 (1), 147 (1), 151 (3), 152 (1), 154 (1), 158 (2), 211 (1).
Hening, statutes of Va., 119 (5), and see Va, statutes. Herrera, 167 (3). Hertius, 97 (2), 99 (3). Hewit, Hist. of S. C., 205 (1). Hildreth, Desp. in Am., 185 (2), 576 (1);
Hist. of U. S., 121 (3), 122 (2), 123(1), 124 (1), 160 (4), 173 (1), 175 (2), 204 (1), 205 (1), 206 (1), 212 (2), 219 (3, 5), 220 (4), 226 (2), 233 (1), 249 (1), 254 (2), 261 (1, 2), 262 (2), 268 (4), 271 (1), 275 (1), 279 (1), 287 (1, 2), 301 (1), 309 (2), 376 (3), 402 (2), 403 (1). Hindoo law, 115 (1). Historical element in law, 47. law of nations. jurisprudence.
school of jurisprudence, 47
(2). Hobart, Chief Justice, on power of par- liament, 127.
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