The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution Considered: The Right to Pursue Any Lawful Trade Or Avocation, Without Other Restraint Than Such as Equally Affects All Persons, is One of the Privileges of Citizens of the United States which Can Not be Abridged by State Legislation : Dissenting Opinions of Mr. Justice Field, Mr. Justice Bradley, and Mr. Justice Swayne, of U.S. Supreme Court, in the New Orleans Slaughter-house Cases

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This legal case probes the intent and scope of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The justices give a broad defense of individual civil rights as protected from infringement by state laws (the case involves business regulations in Louisiana, not race relations).

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17 ÆäÀÌÁö - A monopoly is an institution, or allowance by the king by his grant, commission, or otherwise to any person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, of or for the sole buying, selling, making, working, or using of anything, whereby any person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, are sought to be restrained of any freedom or liberty that they had before, or hindered in their lawful trade.
11 ÆäÀÌÁö - States to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold and convey real and personal property, and to full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property...
21 ÆäÀÌÁö - The property which every man has in his own labor, as it is the original foundation of all other property, so it is the most sacred and inviolable.
17 ÆäÀÌÁö - We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness...
13 ÆäÀÌÁö - Special privileges enjoyed by citizens in their own States are not secured in other States by this provision. It was not intended by the provision to give to the laws of one State any operation in other States.
7 ÆäÀÌÁö - That all persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States...
15 ÆäÀÌÁö - State exercising the monopoly as well as with others, and thus, as respects them, the monopoly would cease. If this were not so it would be in the power of the State to exclude at any time the citizens of other States from participation in particular branches...
10 ÆäÀÌÁö - the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States.
17 ÆäÀÌÁö - Resolved, 6. That they are entitled to the benefit of such of the English statutes, as existed at the time of their colonization ; and which they have, by experience, respectively found to be applicable to their several local and other circumstances.

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