from Greenwich.

The fea bounds it to the

Eaft in a direct courfe N. E. E., along a coaft 470 measured miles in length, from Mootapillee, dependant on Guntour, near its fouthern extremity, to the town of Maloud in Oriffa, on the borders of the Chilka lake. In almost a parallel direction on the Weft, from fifty to feventy miles in land, it is divided from the interior provinces of the Soubab of Hydrabad by a range of small detached hills extending to the banks of the Goadaveri; and in like manner feparated from Berar, to the north of that river, by a great continued ridge of mountains, impaffable, every where hitherto explored, for horfe or wheel carriage, excepting in the middle near Salour-gaut, quite in the northern extremity of the Circars at Goomfur. From this laft place the fame unbroken chain curves to the eastward, and together with, the Chilka lake, form an almost impenetrable barrier of fifty miles to the North, on the fide of the Mahrattabs of Cuttack, excepting a tongue of land, between that lake and the fea, a mile in breadth at Maloud, and interfected by the deep water communication of Manicpatam, at all times.

unfordable. Towards the fouth, the small river Gondegama, which empties itself at Mootapillee, feparates the territory we are defcribing, from the diftricts of Ongole, and thus formeth, on that fide, the most distinguishable modern frontier to the Carnatic Payengaut.

The Area, or fuperficial contents of the Circars, taken in their greatest extent of acceffible, productive land, may be computed at 17,000 fquare geographic miles ; of which, perhaps, only one fifth in cultivation or fallow; twice that proportion in pafture, and the remainder woods, water, towns, barren hills, or a fandy wafte, three miles in breadth, bordering the whole extent of the coaft. By another divifion, three fourths of this area may be confidered a plain, rifing no where more than 25 feet above the level of the fea, and ftretching on a medium 35 miles inland, with only two remarkable interruptions in its greatest length along the fhore, by as many cross, or rather inclined ridges of hills; the one a few miles north of the river Settiaveram, which forms the fouthern boundary of

Cicacole; and the other, parting unequally that province, at the river Poondy, into its prefent fubdivifions, dependant on Vizagapatam and Ganjam: the remaining fourth portion, parallel to this plain, and farther inland about 15 miles, is much more elevated, is agreeably variegated with hills and vales, eafy of accefs, and superabundantly fertile. But beyond both these tracts of plain and hilly ground, to the north of the Goadaveri, a ftill higher region extends close to the great ridge of mountains on the confines of Berar. This comprehends at leaft 6000 fquare miles additional; but being poor, unhealthy, and thinly inhabited, pays fo flender a tribute, that it is fcarcely made any account of, unless as a frontier towards the Mahrattah Dominions on the N. W. almost wholly nacceffible.

Six Provincial Divifions.

THE grand divifions of this whole territory are naturally and properly five; being fo many portions of its length, princi

pally marked by rivers, running acrofs from the hills on the weft to the fea; but befides thefe, a fixth district has been formed from the maritime border of the four foutherly Circars or Provinces, to ferve as an appendage to, and fecure the falt made, or customs collected at, the ports of Nizampatam, on a fouthern outlet of the Kiftna, and of Maffulipatam on one of its northern branches, as well as at their refpective dependencies along the coaft.

1. Guntour, or Moorteza-nagur, the most foutherly province, is of a circular form, comprehending an area of 2500 fquare miles. The river Kiftna, after running a courfe of 600 miles, nearly on the parallel of 16° latitude, from its fource on the Balagaut hills, near the coaft of Malabar, forms the northern boundary of this Circar, and feparates it, in its greatest extent on that fide, from the province of Muftafanagur. The boundaries to the West and South, are the diftricts of Palnaud and Ongole, formerly dependant on the Fougedarry of Kerpah, but fometime fince incorporated with the Carnatic Payengaut, and on the

Eaft, Nizampatam, with its dependencies, intervene every where between it and the fea, excepting a narrow communication with the fmall port of Mootapille, which, in the confufion of frequent revolutions, has been difmembered from its proper maritime capital, and annexed to the interior country. This province therefore, generally fpeaking, is entirely furrounded by the other dominions of Britain, and abfolutely detached from all the territory ftill claimed, and held formally, by the Soubahdar of the Decan, under the Crown of Delbi.

2. Condapillee, or Mustafa-nagur; and, 3. Ellore, adjacent to each other, as well as to the Circar juft described, in a N. easterly direction, occupy the whole fpace lying between the Kifina and the districts of Naffulipatam towards the fea, and the inland province of Commamet on the Weft; and the heel, or lake of Colare, chiefly formed by the overflowings of those two rivers, with a parallel ftream running through its centre to the fea coaft at Gollapollam, would nearly divide the Circars