of Indian fish, a few excepted, together with fome that are common to Europe, fuch as mullet, foal, and pomflet; the latter resembling moft the turbot, if it be not exactly the fame in miniature, is more peculiarly attached to this coaft, and is turned to no inconfiderable benefit, when falted, for the inland markets. It is, however, in the grand and most neceffary articles of vegetable production that this territory is particularly famous. In grain, the different forts of which we have already had occafion to mention, it is properly the granary of the Carnatic, during the north-eaft monfoon, in like manner as Tanjore is reckoned on, for the other feafon of the periodical winds from the oppofite point of the compafs. Fruits, roots, and greens are scarce, and reared with difficulty to the fouth of the Goadaveri; and even to the north of that river, owing, no doubt, to the influence of the sea air, are neither fo excellent in kind, nor are they to be met with in fuch plenty as in other parts of the Decan. It may farther be obferved, that fome of the articles of fecond neceffity, fuch as fugar and cotton, are also

too fcantily produced in Rajemundry and Jehapoor, for the general confumption of all the provinces; while, on the other hand, bay falt and tobacco, the latter from the vicinity of Maffulipatam, known every where for fuperior excellence, have exceeded of late years in quantity the home and foreign demand for both. But in the just estimation of a commercial people, all the partial difadvantages we have named, would be more than counterbalanced by a fingle uncultivated production of the greatest utility, if proper ufe was made of the forefts of Rajemundry; which, from the commencement of the hills along the banks of the Goadaveri to Palouncha on the frontiers of Commamet, yield a fuperabundance of the best and largeft Teak timbers, fo generally thought fuperior in quality even to oak, for the fhip-building and navigation of the Indian feas: At present the Coco and Palmyra, or in the more northerly province the Toomecara*, form the principal materials for conftructing, in the diffe

*This feems to be a fpecies of the tree which produces the gum-arabic.

rent ports of the Circars, five hundred of thofe unweildy veffels called Doonies of various burthens, from 60 to 100 tons each. The diamond mines of Guntour and

Condapillee, referved by treaty to the Nizam, deferve barely to be mentioned as a rarity, not to be confidered as of any great political confequence.

In regard to Manufactures, the staple produce of the country worked from cotton is of two different forts and fineness: plain long cloth, fo valuable at foreign markets, is chiefly wrought in the island of Nagur and its vicinity, where the manufacturers have always found a fure afylum from the ravages of war; it forms the ground work of the best printed callicoes in Europe, and of those inimitably painted ones called Palampores, in the districts of Mafulipetam. The coarfer plain cloths made to the north and fouth of the Goadaveri, or coloured with the Chay-root, which

* Coasting veffels of one and two mafts, managed by native lafcars or feamen, having a convex upper deck, with the view of resisting more effectually any incumbent waves.

Of

is the madder of the East, and growing in most perfection in the pure fands annually overflowed by the Kistna, are equally articles in vaft demand abroad, or for interior confumption. But the muflins of Cicacole, the beautiful woollen carpets of Ellore, and filks of Burrampore in Ichapoor, wrought from the raw materials imported from Bengal or China, are rather objects of curiofity and meriting encouragement, than confiderable in quantity or benefit. this nature alfo is the art of painting or inlaying ivory and black wood in the cabinet work made at Vizagapatam. But the facility, convenience, and cheapness with which fhips of war, or of burthen not exceeding five hundred tons, have been, and might in greater number be, constructed in the ports of Coringa and Narfapore, at the two principal mouths of the Goadaveri, are confiderations of the utmost importance to a maritime ftate; nor fhould the extenfive branch of fhip-building at present in ufe, though with fo much imperfection and improvidence, in fupplying 50,000 tons in fmaller craft for the coafting trade, be forgotten, in ftating the more useful

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arts, which at once form the proprietary. and local interefts of the country.

These feveral objects of natural or artificial produce, when united, form the grand refources of commerce, which in the Circars may be claffed under three different heads; the trade to Europe, to neighbouring Indian ports, and the inland provinces of the Decan.

The first confined entirely to the finer cotton manufactures exported by European nations which have eftablishments on this coast, or purchased by other foreign adventurers, may amount in the whole, at prime coft, to thirty lacks of rupees, of which one half feldom finds its way to England, though a much greater quantity would be productive of a certain benefit of upwards of 100 per cent.

The fecond, or coafting trade, carried on almost entirely with Madras, fince the late prohibition against importing bay falt into Bengal, confifts either of grain, amounting annually to half a million of