The south boundary of Colorado was run and marked in 1868 and 1874, and the west boundary in 1878-79. The latter line was retraced and re-marked in 1885. All this was under the General Land Office.

NEW MEXICO.

New Mexico was organized as a Territory on December 13, 1850. Its original area formed a part of the region transferred by Mexico to the United States by the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo and by Texas. It was subsequently enlarged by the Gadsden Purchase. The formation of Colorado Territory in 1861 and of Arizona in 1863 reduced its area to its present limits. (Vide Colorado, p. 132, and Arizona, p. 134.)

The following clause from the act creating the Territory gives its original limits:

SECTION 2. And be it further enacted, That all that portion of the territory of the United States bounded as follows: Beginning at a point in the Colorado River, where the boundary line with the Republic of Mexico crosses the same; thence eastwardly with the said boundary line to the Rio Grande; thence following the main channel of said river to the parallel of the thirty-second degree of north latitude; thence east with said degree to its intersection with the one hundred and third degree of longitude west of Greenwich; thence north with said degree of longitude to the parallel of thirty-eighth degree of north latitude; thence west with said parallel to the summit of the Sierra Madre; thence south with the crest of said mountains to the thirtyseventh parallel of north latitude; thence west with said parallel to its intersection with the boundary line of the State of California; thence with said boundary line to the place of beginning-be, and the same is hereby, erected into a temporary government by the name of the Territory of New Mexico. (Thirty-first Congress, first session.)

The present boundaries of New Mexico are as follows: Beginning at the point of intersection of the one hundred and third meridian of longitude west of Greenwich with the thirty-seventh parallel of latitude; running thence south to its point of intersection with the thirty-second parallel of latitude; thence west on this parallel to its intersection with the Rio Grande; thence southerly down the main channel of the Rio Grande to its point of intersection with the boundary line between the United States and Mexico; thence with this boundary to its intersection with the thirty-second meridian of longitude; thence north along this meridian to the thirty-seventh parallel of latitude, and so along that parallel to the point of beginning.

The west boundary of New Mexico was run and marked in 1875, under the General Land Office.

UTAH.

Utah was organized on September 9, 1850, from territory acquired from Mexico by the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. Its limits originally extended from the eastern boundary of California to the Rocky

Mountains, and from the thirty-seventh to the forty-second parallel. This area was reduced by the formation, in 1861, of the Territories of Nevada (vide p. 135) and Colorado (see p. 132, and in 1864 and 1866 by the extension eastward of the limits of the State of Nevada.

The following is an extract from the act creating the Territory:

All that part of the territory of the United States included within the following limits, to wit: Bounded on the west by the State of California, on the north by the Territory of Oregon, and on the east by the summit of the Rocky Mountains, and on the south by the thirty-seventh parallel of north latitude, be, and the same is hereby, created into a temporary government, by the name of the Territory of Utah.

The present boundaries of Utah are as follows: Commencing with the intersection of the forty-second parallel of latitude with the thirtyfourth meridian of longitude; running thence south on this meridian to the forty-first parallel of latitude; thence east on this parallel to the thirty-second meridian of longitute; thence south on this meridian to its intersection with the thirty-seventh parallel of latitude; thence west upon this parallel of latitude to its intersection with the thirtyseventh meridian of longitude; thence north on this meridian to its intersection with the forty-seventh parallel of latitude; thence east on the forty-seventh parallel of latitude to the point of beginning.

Utah was admitted as a State on January 4, 1896, with the above boundaries.

Its north boundary, from longitude 34° to 37°, was surveyed and marked in 1871, and its west boundary in 1870, under the General Land Office.

ARIZONA.

Arizona was organized as a Territory on February 24, 1863. Its area was formerly comprised in the Territory of New Mexico. In 1866 a portion of it was cut off and given to the State of Nevada. (Vide Nevada, p. 135.) The following clause from the act creating it gives its limits as originally constituted:

That all that part of the present Territory of New Mexico situate west of the line running due south from the point where the southwest corner of the Territory of Colorado joins the northern boundary of the Territory of New Mexico to the southern boundary line of said Territory of New Mexico be, and the same is hereby, erected into a temporary government by the name of the Territory of Arizona. (For limits of the piece cut off and added to Nevada, see that State.)

The present boundaries of Arizona are as follows: Beginning at the point of intersection of the thirty-seventh parallel of latitude with the thirty-second meridian of longitude; thence south along this meridian to its intersection with the boundary line between the United States and Mexico; thence with this boundary to the Colorado River; thence up the middle of the main channel of the Colorado River to its point of intersection with the thirty-seventh meridian of longitude; north

on this meridian to its intersection with the thirty-seventh parallel; and eastward along the thirty-seventh parallel to the point of beginning.

NEVADA.

Nevada, as originally constituted on March 2, 1861, was formed from territory taken from Utah. Its western boundary was made to conform to the eastern boundary of California (vide California, p. 139); its northern boundary, was, as now, the forty-second parallel; the eastern was the meridian of 39°, and the southern the parallel of 37°. By the enabling act the eastern limit was extended to the thirtyeighth meridian. It was admitted as a State October 31, 1864, with above limits as modified by the enabling act, and in 1866 its eastern limits were still further extended to longitude 37°, and its southern line established as at present, the latter addition having been made from Arizona.

In the act organizing the Territory the boundaries are defined as follows:

Beginning at the point of intersection of the forty-second degree of north latitude with the thirty-ninth degree of longitude west from Washington; thence running south on the line of said thirty-ninth degree of west longitude until it intersects the northern boundary line of the Territory of New Mexico; thence due west to the dividing ridge separating the waters of Carson Valley from those that flow into the Pacific; thence on said dividing ridge northwardly to the forty-first degree of north latitude; thence due north to the southern boundary of the State of Oregon; thence due east to the place of beginning. (Thirty-sixth Congress, second session.)

The following is the text of that portion of the enabling act relating to boundaries:

SEC. 2. That the said State of Nevada shall consist of all the territory included within the following boundaries, to wit: Commencing at a point formed by the intersection of the thirty-eighth degree of longitude west from Washington with the thirty-seventh degree of north latitude; thence due west along said thirty-seventh degree of north latitude to the eastern boundary line of the State of California; thence in a northwesterly direction along the said eastern boundary line of the State of California to the forty-third degree of longitude west from Washington; thence north along said forty-third degree of west longitude and said eastern boundary line of the State of California to the forty-second degree of north latitude; thence due east along the said forty-second degree of north latitude to a point formed by its intersection with the aforesaid thirty-eighth degree of longitude west from Washington; thence due south down said thirty-eighth degree of west longitude to the place of beginning. (Thirty-eighth Congress, first session.)

The following act makes the addition to its area from Arizona referred to above:

AN ACT concerning the boundaries of the State of Nevada.

That, as provided for and consented to in the constitution of the State of Nevada, all that territory and tract of land adjoining the present eastern boundary of the State of Nevada, and lying between the thirty-seventh and the forty-second degrees of north latitude and west of the thirty-seventh degree of longitude west of Washington, is hereby added to and made a part of the State of Nevada.