ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN. (See PARENT AND CHILD; Legi- in case of infancy 292 INDICTMENT. (See GRAND JURY; PRESENTMENT.) INFANTS, antenuptial debts of wife, of liability for administrator, cannot act as civil acts other than contracts enlistment in army contracts of ancestor relinquishment of dower by jointure contracts of apprenticeship payment of taxes support of illegitimate child contracts of, general rule whether void or voidable fraud in making . 299 262, 269 286, 287 286, 295 negligence or other tort in course of declaration that he is of age contracts for necessaries . 286, 302 286 286, 287 287-289 contracts of, in contemplation of marriage, how affected by statute by persons other than infant, but in privity with him INFANTS- continued. [References are to Pages.] obligation incident to ownership enforced rights of unborn children protected executor, where appointed as factory acts, in relation to illegitimate child, liability of, to support incapacities other than contractual cannot qualify as administrator nor change domicile nor make will of real estate estoppel in pais not applicable necessaries of, what are, and contracts for ratification by, of voidable contracts conveyances of real estate purchases and leases of real estate sales, mortgages, and purchases of personal property nature of promise conversion, replevin . fraud . . 299, 300 300 645 300, 301 262, 269 297 297 297 297 297 297 287-289 289-294 290 291 291 292 292 293 277-279 277, 279 284 301, 302 286, 302 302 302 300 284 297 243 293 unborn children, rights of protected in equity when incapacity to act, contract, marry, commit a crime, etc., ceases will of real estate, cannot be made by INFANTS' CUSTODY ACT 502-505 531-534, 540 no violation of trade-mark to use it for a wholly distinct purpose in restraint of a threatened libel rules governing the right to, to protect a trade-mark INJURIES, causing death causing death committed on high seas INQUEST OF OFFICE, method of recovering land from alien INSOLVENCY. (See BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY.) INSTITUTES. (See CIVIL OR ROMAN LAW.) INSURANCE, by wife on life of husband in New York INSURANCE — continued. [References are to Pages.] action in equity by creditors to obtain lien on policy general rules. . reasonable implications as well as express words taken into words taken in ordinary sense unless having technical meaning intention to be followed but meaning must be found in text. whole of writing must be considered difference between interpretation and construction construction and doctrine of cy pres difference between strict, liberal, and extravagant construction 211 353 30, 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 31, 608 for interpretation and construction of statutes. (See STATUTE LAW.) of wills, rules proceeding for the construction of a will (See WILLS; CY PRES.) INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. (See PATENTS.) INTERNAL REVENUE LAWS, forfeiture under 556, 557 rule in England . two theories as to. if court has no jurisdiction, no where law under which tried void, no where judgment arrested for inherent defects in, no where protection waived, no where defective indictment prevents judgment, no where acquittal on variance between indictment and evidence, no where discharge of jury, or adjournment for sickness of judge 66 66 66 where nolle prosequi entered, no dismissal of charges before trial, no if prisoner acquitted, new trial not granted on appeal for error 67 JOINT STOCK COMPANIES, how differ from partnership or corporation. removal of directors of, appointed for definite period in England, terms of during good behavior, unless removed on formal Federal, removed by impeachment. discretion of, in discharging jury in criminal trials before verdict 49 49 63-65 JUDGMENTS, defined in personam distinction between "judgment" and "decree " enforcement of, by execution by punishment for contempt of court. for value of property converted does not pass title, until paid in rem in courts of admiralty necessity of notice to owner ownership changed by its own force not affected by repeal of statute under which action brought . of courts of sister States or of foreign countries when attacked col- laterally for fraud or want of jurisdiction trial by, in case of felonies secured by Magna Charta 562 41 184 . 361, 378 378 378 378 379 37 37 534 544, 553 46 46 [References are to Pages.] JURY continued. verdict of, must be unanimous accused cannot waive, in capital cases except State statute confers trial by, in felonies preceded by indictment by grand grand, at common law. trials by, reviewed by United States Supreme Court according to trial by in Territories in criminal cases meaning of, as used in Constitution and Sixth Amendment trial by, in criminal cases guaranteed by Constitution applicable solely to Federal Courts applicable to Territories applicable to District of Columbia right to, exists from beginning not applicable to petty offences 46 46 46 46 51, 50, 59, 60 60 60 60 60 71 59 (For regulations respecting trials by, in criminal cases, see CRIMES; trial by, preserved in suits at common law in Federal Courts . JUSTIFICATION, as a defence in an action for libel or slander (See LIBEL; Slander.) LAND, acquisition of, by alien (See ALIEN; REAL ESTATE.) common, connected with prevailing customs, how prescribed. enactment of statute power of Congress power of State legislature municipal, defined . of State, what includes . 5 rules of, applied to State or nation seeking to vindicate a right 5 public, governs controversies in which State a party, or between indi- |