tain a statement of the name, birthplace, date of birth and age of child at date of statement. This statement shall be signed and acknowledged under oath or affirmation before the person authorized to issue the certificate. The certificate shall also contain a statement or certificate by the officer issuing the same that the child can read at sight and write legibly simple sentences in the English language, or that said child, if unable so to read and write, is regularly attending a day or evening school, or has been excused by the school board, and that if under the age required by law for the attendance of all children at school said child has in the year next preceding the issuing of said certificate attended school as required by law. The statement in the certificate giving birthplace and age of child shall be signed by the father if living, or by the mother, or by the child himself. Montana-Required for children under 16, certificate approved by superintendent of schools or by person authorized by him, upon receiving satisfactory proof of age and of completion of required studies.

Nebraska-Required for children under 16, certificate stating age, place of birth and residence; for children under 14, in addition, certificate of school attendance during year next preceding employment, signed by president and secretary of school board of child's school district.

New Hampshire-Required for children under 16, statement of age, sworn to by parent or guardian before superintendent of schools or some person authorized by school board. Also certificate from superintendent of schools or authorized person that child can read at sight and legibly write simple sentences in the English language.

New Jersey-Required for children under 16, I. Native born. Affidavit of parent or guardian stating name of child, residence, place and date of birth, name of father and maiden name of mother, church attended, if any, school last attended, if child was baptized, name and location of church where baptized. There must accompany affidavit, transcript of the record of the child's birth, or if it cannot be obtained, and child was baptized, a certified copy of the baptismal record. II. Foreign born children. Same affidavit as above, with an additional statement that child named in the affidavit is the same mentioned and described in the passport under which child was admitted to this country. A true copy of the passport must in all cases be attached to the affidavit. III. Other children. Commissioner of labor shall have power to issue permits of employment to children upon the production of evidence of the child's age, satisfactory to him; provided, that he shall first be satisfied that the child cannot obtain a transcript of birth record, a baptismal certificate or passport.

New York-Required for children under 16, employment certificate

issued by the commissioner of health or the executive officer of the board or department of health of the city, town or village where such child resides or is to be employed, or by such other officer thereof as may be designated by such board, department or commissioner for that purpose, upon the application of the parent, guardian or custodian of the child desiring such employment. Such officer shall not issue such certificate until he has received examined, approved and filed the following papers duly executed? (1) The school record of such child properly filled out and signed as provided in this article. (2) A passport or duly attested transcript of the certificate of birth, or baptism or other religious record, showing the date and place of birth of such child. A duly attested transcript of the birth certificate filed according to law with a registrar of vital statistics, or other officer charged with the duty of recording births shall be conclusive evidence of the age of such child. (3) The affidavit of the parent, guardian or custodian of the child, which shall be required, however, only in case such last mentioned transcript of the certificate of birth be not produced and filed, showing the place and date of birth of such child; which affidavit must be taken before the officer issuing the employment certificate, who is hereby authorized and required to administer such oaths and who shall not demand or receive a fee therefore.

Such employment certificate shall not be issued until such child shall further have personally appeared before and been examined by the officer issuing the certificate, and until such officer shall, after making such examination, sign and file in his office a statement that the child can read and legibly write simple sentences in the English language and that in his opinion the child is fourteen years of age or upwards and has reached the normal development of a child of its age and is in sound health and is physically able to perform the work which it intends to do. In doubtful cases such physical fitness shall be determined by a medical officer of the board or department of health. Every such employment certificate shall be signed, in the presence of the officer issuing the same, by the child in whose name it is issued.

The school record required by this article shall be signed by the principal or chief executive officer of the school which such child has attended and shall be furnished on demand to a child entitled thereto or to the board, department or commissioner of health. It shall contain a statement certifying that the child has regularly attended the public schools, or schools equivalent thereto, or parochial schools for not less than one hundred and thirty days during the school year previous to his arriving at the age of fourteen years or during the year previous to applying for such school record and is able to read and write simple sentences in the English language, has received during such period instruction in reading,

spelling, writing, English grammar and geography and is familiar with the fundamental operations of arithmetic up to and including fractions. Such school record shall also give the age and residence of the child as shown on the records of the school and the name of its parents or guardian or custodian.

North Carolina-Required for children under 12, written statement of age of parent or guardian.

North Dakota-Certificate of school attendance, signed by the superintendent of schools, or if there is none, by the clerk of the school board.

Ohio Required for children under 18, register to be kept recording name, birthplace, age and place of residence.

Oregon-Required for children under 16, affidavit of parent or guardian stating name, date and place of birth and school attended by child.

Pennsylvania-Required for children under 16, affidavit of parent or guardian stating age, date and place of birth. If child has no parent or guardian, affidavit shall be made by the child. In order to receive certificate, child must be able to read and write the English language and must have attended school as required by law. Rhode Island-Required to 15, certificate made under direction of the school committee stating name, place of birth, name and residence of guardian.

South Carolina--Required for children under 12, affidavit of parent or guardian stating age of child.

Tennessee-Required for children under 14, sworn statement of age made by parent or guardian, unless age of child is known by employer. Vermont-Required for children under 16, age and schooling certificate approved by the superintendent of schools, or by a person authorized by him or by the board of school directors. Employers must keep two complete lists of all minors employed under 16 years, one on file and one conspicuously posted near the principal entrance of the building in which such minors are employed, and they must also keep on file and send to the superintendent of schools or the board of school directors the names of all the minors under 16, employed who cannot read at sight and write legibly simple sentences in the English language. An age and schooling certificate shall not be approved unless satisfactory evidence is furnished by the duly attested transcript of the certificate of birth or baptism of such child, or other religious record, or register of birth of such child with a town or city clerk, that such child is of the age stated in the certificate, or in a transcript of its passport. The age and schooling certificate of a child under 16, shall not be approved and signed until he presents to the person authorized to approve and sign the same, an employment ticket as prescribed, duly filled out signed.

A duplicate of each age and schooling certificate shall be

The

filled out and kept on file by the board of school directors. employment ticket and the age schooling certificate shall be separately printed and shall be filled out, signed, held or surrendered as indicated in prescribed forms.

West Virginia-Required for boys over 12, employed in coal mines, in cases of doubt as to age, affidavit of parent or guardian. Wisconsin-Required for children under 16, affidavit by parent or guardian or if not living, by the child, stating name, date and place of birth, and name and place of school attended. Register must be kept recording name, age, date of birth and place of residence.

SCHEDULE G-DANGEROUS OCCUPATIONS.

The operation of elevators or of dangerous machinery by minors under certain ages is prohibited in twelve states. A large group of states prohibit occupations dangerous to health or morals: chiefly the employment of children where liquors are sold, rope-walking and kindred exhibitions. This general provision is effective principally in case of damage suits, following upon accidents to minors.

Illinois and Ohio lead all the states in specially prohibiting the employment of children under sixteen years in a list of manufactures involving fourteen different kinds of dangerous machinery, and in forbiding the employment of children under sixteen years in three special manufactures-paints or colors, and compositions needing acids, in Illinois; matches and compositions needing acids, in Ohio. In Massachusetts, the state board of health is authorized to investigate and prohibit such manufacture of acids for minors under eighteen. In New York boys under 18, and all women are prohibited from operating emery, emery polishing, or buffing wheels.

Group I.-Operation of Elevators is Prohibited.

Illinois-to 16 years.

Indiana--to 18 years.

Massachusetts-to 16 years; for any elevator running at a speed of more than 100 feet a minute, to 18 years.

Minnesota-to 16 years; for elevators running at a speed of more than 200 feet a minute, to 18 years.

New York-to 15 years; for any elevator running at a speed of more than 200 feet a minute, to 18 years.

Ohio-to 16 years.

Pennsylvania-to 14 years.

Wisconsin-to 16 years.

Group II.-Operating or Cleaning of Dangerous Machinery is Pro

hibited.

Illinois to 16 years; 14 different machines specified. (See Standard Child Labor Law, Sec. 11, p. 37).

Indiana-boys to 16 years; girls to 18.

Iowa-boys to 16 years; girls to 18.

Louisiana-to 12 years.,

Massachusetts-to 14 years.

Michigan-boys to 18; girls to 21.

New Jersey-to 16 years.

New York-boys to 18; girls to 21 years.

Ohio to 16 years, 14 different kinds of machinery specified.
Pennsylvania-to 16 years.

Group III.-Specified Manufactures are Prohibited.

Illinois to 16 years in manufacture of paints, colors or white lead, or compositions needing acids. (See Standard Child Labor Law, Sec. 11, p. 37).

Ohio to 16 years in manufacture of matches, paints, colors or white lead, or compositions needing acids.

Massachusetts-to 18 years in manufacture of acids (upon complaint and after investigation by state board of health).

New York-to 18 years for boys, and total prohibition for women, in operation of emery, tripoli, rouge, corrundum, stone carborundum, or any abrasive or emery polishing or buffing wheel, where articles of the baser metals or of iridium are manufactured.

Group IV.—Employment Dangerous to Health or Morals is More or Less Completely Prohibited.

SCHEDULE H-EXEMPTIONS FROM THE CHILD LABOR LAWS.

The most important exemptions from the child labor laws allowing work under age have been embodied in the schedules on the age limit. (Schedule A). There remain to be noted the officials authorized to grant such exemptions, in so far as they are specified in the laws, and the reasons for granting such exemptions.

Exemptions for work over time are allowed for various reasons in thirteen different states.

A. WORK IS ALLOWED OVER TIME.

I. On Saturdays or for Certain Days Preceding Christmas in: Colorado, where children under 16 may work more than 8 hours