wish to do we need not try to reward him or secure his good will, by robbing others of their rights. But we must be content ourselves to pay the price of his remuneration. Such a man would be rendered our faithful humble servant by receiving the rent-free grant of his own hereditary village. And it would be good and wise policy and economy to give it to him. He would hold it on the condition of good conduct; and his son would succeed to the grant under like condition.

Again, in the clan would be three or four subordinate chiefs, to whom a like maintenance, only less in degree, should be assigned and made hereditary.

Lastly, one head man of each village should receive a liberal stipend, at least, as a retainer on the side of order, besides any village perquisite which he might enjoy. These head men should exercise some little authority; or at least their word should possess more weight in matters of police, than now is allowed to it.

At present, where a head man is well disposed, and would willingly assist in coercing and restraining a bad character; he is withheld from so doing by the impossibility of furnishing the legal evidence of guilt which our Courts require. We bring all sorts of evidence, good, bad or indifferent, without respect to the genius or institutions of the country, to our own standard of law and custom. And need we wonder that we so often fail!

Having thus held out inducements to support the cause of order on the one hand; the other must firmly grasp the cudgel and the sword. Liberality and firmness will not fail in effecting, what our niggardliness on the one hand, and weak and Anglolegal policy on the other, have failed to accomplish.

I have said that the British Government which will rule India after these mutinies are suppressed, will be the strongest that India ever knew. Of this result it is difficult, I think, to entertain a doubt. The British Indian Empire was before essentially founded on opinion. It will hereafter have the securer basis of physical power. We relied before upon the support of an army raised from our native subjects. Hereafter we shall trust more to the bayonets of our own countrymen. The Government will in future be more free to act, and be less fettered by the fear of offending the prejudices of India. Much good may be expected to result from this greater freedom of policy and legislation. Nor can it be doubted that the baneful system of caste will receive a heavy blow in our altered policy. There is, however, I think, some fear that the new principle may be pushed too far. Possessed of extraordinary power, and urged by popular opinion from home, the Indian Government may be led to forget that principle which has been the safeguard of the empire for a hundred years-I mean our respect for the feelings and religion of the people. The system which has been so long pursued, has at least conciliated them: and when our Government sustained the severest shock recorded in the annals of any ruling race, though our assailants were their own brethren, the people looked coldly on. Rarely did they espouse the rebel cause. They felt in the main, content: and looked for little benefit from a change. Greater loyalty the conqueror may not look for from the conquered; the ruling from the subject race. Far different might have been the result had our rule been less moderate. A military mutiny would have brought about a national revolt, the consequences of which it were difficult to foresee. Let it then ever

be remembered, to the honour of the East India Company, whose imperial functions are now, it is believed, soon to pass away; that no such fearful catastrophe did occur during the century of their rule. And let English rulers never forget the principle which has always been impressed upon their servants-to conciliate the feelings; and to do no violence to the honest scruples of the subject race.

APPENDIX, No. 1.

EXTRACT FROM A PRINTED LETTER ADDRESSED BY LIEUTENANT FARQUHAR, OF THE 7TH LIGHT CAVALRY, TO HIS MOTHER, DATED THE 3RD SEPTEMBER, 1857.

"WHEN we got to cantonments, we were ordered to go to the Artillery parade ground, where a camp was going to be formed. Here we went, and here we remained for a fortnight, encamped with the eighty men that remained of our regiment, being informed almost daily, by means of spies, that during the night these eighty swells intended to cut our throats. The 48th N. I. was encamped next to us. Fifty of them stuck to their officers on the night of the mutiny; but on the following day some 150 men who returned, and merely expressed their sorrow for deserting their officers, were taken back. These were pleasant fellows to have close to you!

"The consequence was, that the officers of each regiment had to sleep together, armed to the teeth, and two officers of each regiment had to remain awake, taking two hours at a watch, to watch their own men. We kept these watches strictly; and, I believe, by that means saved our throats. I used to sleep every night (every officer here has slept in his clothes since the mutiny began) with my revolver under my pillow, a drawn sword on my bed, and a loaded double-barrelled gun just under the bed. We remained in this jolly state a fortnight; and I can tell you I was not sorry when an order came down from Sir Henry Lawrence * that we were to pay up our men, and send them home on leave till the 15th of October, and then come down to the Residency."

* N.B. It will be seen that this order emanated from the Provisional Council appointed on the 9th of June.

APPENDIX, No. 2.

COPIES OF LETTERS WHICH WERE RECEIVED AT LUCKNOW FROM SIR HUGH WHEELER'S INTRENCHMENT AT CAWNPOOR, IN JUNE, 1857.

From Sir H. M. Wheeler, K.C.B., to Martin Gubbins, Esq.

MY DEAR GUBBINS,

We have been besieged since the 6th by the Nana Saheb, joined by the whole of the native troops who broke out on the morning of the 4th. The enemy have two 24-pounders, and several other guns. We have only eight 9-pounders. The whole Christian population is with us in a temporary intrenchment, and our defence has been noble and wonderful, our loss heavy and cruel. We want aid, aid, aid! Regards to Lawrence.

Yours, &c.,

(Signed)

H. M. WHEELER.

14th June,

Quarter-past 8, P.M.

P.S.-If we had 200 men, we could punish the scoundrels and aid you.

From Captain Moore, H. M. 32nd Foot, dated 18th June, 10, P.M. SIR,

By desire of Sir Hugh Wheeler, I have the honour to acknowledge your letter of the 16th.

Sir Hugh regrets you cannot send him the 200 men, as he believes with their assistance we could drive the insurgents from Cawnpoor, and capture their guns.

Our troops, officers, and volunteers have acted most nobly; and on several occasions a handful of men have driven hundreds before them. Our loss has been chiefly from the sun, and their heavy guns. Our rations will last a fortnight, and we are still well supplied with ammunition. Our guns are serviceable. Report says that troops are advancing from Allahabad; and any assistance might save our garrison. We, of course, are prepared