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56. (Fig. 67.) CHIMAPHILA. Chimaphila. U. S.
Fl. ex. 30.

Pipsissewa, Prince's pine, Wintergreen, E. Dodenblüthiges Harnkraut, Wintergrün, G. Herbe de pyrole ombellée, Fr.

The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata Nutt., Ericaceae.

Grayish, greenish brown.

Nearly odorless.

Astringent, sweetish, bitterish.

Vertical walls of lower epidermis wavy and nodular, cuticle much thickened; stomata on lower surface only; leaf parenchyma with aggregate crystals of calcium oxalate; no trichomes. Some compound starch granules. Histology similar to that of Gaultheria.

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Chiretta, E.

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Ostindischer Enzian, Chiretta, G. Chirette, Fr.

The herb of Swertia Chirata Hamilton, Gentianaceae.

Dark grayish brown.

Odorless.

Extremely bitter.

Leaves with stomata on lower surface only; vertical walls of epidermal cells straight; no trichomes; numerous tracheids and wood fibers. Some medium sized, spheroidal to elliptical, nearly smooth, yellowish brown pollen grains. Histological elements of leaves, and flowers rather indistinct.

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58. (Fig. 69.) CHONDRUS. Chondrus.

Coarsely granular powder.

The dried plant of Chondrus crispus Stackhouse, or of Gigartina mamillosa Ag., Gigartinaceæ.

Nearly white, yellowish.

Seaweed odor when moistened.

Saline, mucilaginous.

The tissue elements of the seaweeds generally. Diatoms are generally wanting, in that regard differing from agar. Mold hyphæ are very frequently present, due to carelessness in drying.

Ash should not exceed 15 per cent.

Not generally adulterated but may be of very inferior or bad quality due to lack of proper attention during the drying process.

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