9

a. Epidermal cells.

Fig. 79. COLOCYNTH. With seeds.

b. Sclerenchyma cells.

c. Parenchyma.

d. Parenchyma.

e. Parenchyma.

f. Spiral ducts.

g. Epidermis of seed.

h. Small celled sclerenchyma.

70. (Fig. 80.) CONIUM. Conium.

Fl. ex. 30. Tinct. 30.

Hemlock, poison or spotted hemlock, E. Schierling, Gefleckter Schierling, G. Grand cique, Cique officinale, Fr.

The fruit of Conium maculatum L., Umbelliferæ.

Yellowish brown.

Nearly odorless; strong mouse odor when moistened with strongly alkaline solutions.

Somewhat bitter.

Endosperm cells with proteid granules and oil globules; bast cells from fruit stalk and parenchymatous tissue from pericarp; no trichomes or sclerenchyma.

Ash not to exceed 9 per cent.

Said to be adulterated with anise fruit (see Anise) and other Umbelliferous fruits. The fruits macerated in a strong solution of sodic hydrate develop a very pronounced mouse (mouse urine) odor.

Fig. 80. CONIUM. Seed.

a. Endosperm cells with oil and proteid granules.

a

71. (Fig. 81.) CONVALLARIA. Convallaria.

Fl. ex. 60.

Lily of the Valley, E. Maiblumen, Maiglöcklein, G. Muguet, Fr.
The rhizomes and roots of Convallaria majalis L., Liliaceae.
Dull brown.

Somewhat fragrant.

Sweetish, bitter, pungent.

Parenchyma cells medium size, many of the nuclei still visible; acicular crystals present; tracheids; spiral ducts; some cork tissue. Epidermal cells (of rhizomes and leaf) elongated with nuclei still visible.

Ash 9 per cent.

May be adulterated with Polygonatum multiflorum (European Solomon's seal) and Smilacina racemosa (false Solomon's seal).

a

b

Fig. 81. CONVALLARIA.

a, b. Parenchyma with raphides and showing nuclei.

c. Cork tissue.

d. Tracheids.

e. Spiral ducts.