86. (Fig. 92.) EUCALYPTUS. Eucalyptus Leaves. U. S. Fl. ex. 40. Tinct. 30.

Eukalyptusblätter, G. Feuilles d'eucalyptus, Fr.

The older (sickle-shaped) leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Lab., Myrtaceæ.

Bright green.

Aromatic, camphoraceous.

Pungent, bitter, somewhat astringent.

Epidermal cells (upper and lower) polygonal, rather thick-walled; stomata on both surfaces but guard cells not visible because of the enormously thickened cuticle. Some sclerenchyma cells and sclerenchymatous fibers from petiole. Prismatic and aggregate crystals quite numerous.

Ash 6.5 per cent.

Adulterated with leaves of allied plants. The leaves from the young plant are dorsiventral, stomata on lower surface only and guard cells visible because the cuticle is much thinner.

87. (Figs. 93 and 94.) EUONYMUS. Euonymus.

Fl. ex. 60. Extract 30.

Wahoo, Spindle tree, Burning bush, E. Spillbaumrinde, Spindelbaum, Pfaffenblüthen, G. Ecorce de fusain (de bonnet de prêtre), Fr. The root bark of Euonymus atropurpureus Jacquin, Celastrineæ. Light brown.

Nearly odorless.

Sweetish, bitter, pungent.

Rather thin-walled medium sized parenchyma with simple spherical starch granules and aggregate crystals of calcium oxalate. Ducts and tracheids from the wood; cork tissue.

Ash of stem bark 11 per cent.

Ash of root bark 12 per cent.

The stem bark (Fig. 93) can be distinguished readily by absence of starch; presence of typical bast fibers, and numerous larger crystals of calcium oxalate.

a. Parenchyma with large aggregate crystals of calcium oxalate.

b. Typical thick-walled porous bast.

c. Cork.

d. Phloem bast shown in transverse section (e).

f. Crystal.

a. Parenchyma with starch granules and aggregate crystals of calcium oxalate.

b, c. Cork tissue, top view and lateral view.

d. Cork.

e. Ducts and tracheids.

f. Parenchyma with starch, longitudinal view.

g. Starch and crystals.

88. (Fig. 95.) EUPATORIUM. Eupatorium.

Fl. ex. 30.

Thoroughwort, Boneset, Indian sage, E. Durchwachsdost, Durchwachener Wasserdost, G. Herbe d'eupatoire perfoliee, Herbe a á fievre, Herbe parfaite, Fr.

The flowering tops and leaves of Eupatorium perfoliatum L., Compositæ.

Rather pale yellowish green.

Somewhat fragrant, hay-like.

Quite bitter, slightly astringent.

Vertical walls of upper and lower leaf epidermis thin, wavy. Stomata on lower surface only. Many celled, rather thick-walled, simple trichomes; bladdery glandular trichomes with single large resin bearing end cell. Pappus fragments and pollen grains. Ash 7.5 per cent.

Not generally adulterated.