97. (Fig. 103.) GENTIANA. Gentian. U. S.

Fl. ex. 30. Tinct. comp. 40.

Enzianwurzel, Bitterwurzel, Rother Enzian, Gelber Enzian, G. Racine de gentiane (de gentiane jaune), Fr.

The roots of Gentiana lutea L., Gentianaceæ.

Dull yellow brown.

Very faintly fragrant.

Very bitter, sweetish.

Beneath the brownish outer corky tissue is a layer of thick-walled collenchymatous tissue followed by the large celled, loosely united, collapsed empty parenchyma. Mostly typically reticulate and some porous yellowish ducts. No starch.

Ash 3 per cent.

Adulterated with roots of allied species. Said to be carelessly adulterated with aconite roots, belladonna roots, white hellebore and orris root.

Fig. 103. GENTIAN.

a. Parenchyma.

b. Collenchymatous tissue.

c. Large reticulate ducts.

d. Parenchyma, longitudinal view. e. Tracheids.

જ

98. (Fig. 104.) GERANIUM. Geranium.

Fl. ex. 30.

Cranesbill, E. Fleckstorchschnabel, G. Racine de geranium macule, Bec-de-grue tacheté, Pied-de-corneille, Fr.

The rhizomes of Geranium maculatum L., Geraniaceæ.

Rather dull grayish brown.

Odorless.

Very astringent.

Some cork tissue; large loosely united typical parenchyma cells with rather large, simple, oval and somewhat irregular starch granules, hili and stratification indistinct. Some parenchyma cells bearing large aggregate crystals of calcium oxalate. Some thick-walled porous, somewhat elongated cells. Reticulate and porous ducts.

Adulterated with roots of Potentilla Tormentilla and Polygonum

Bistorta.

Fig. 104. GERANIUM.

a. Parenchyma with starch and crystals. b. Aggregate crystals of calcium oxalate.

c. Parenchyma, longitudinal view.

d. Thick-walled porous parenchyma. e. Cork.

f. Starch granules.

g. Ducts and tracheids.

99. (Fig. 105.) GLYCYRRHIZA. Glycyrrhiza. U. S.
Fl. ex. 30. Meal.

Liquorice, Licorice, Spanish liquorice, E. Spaniches Süssholz, G.
Reglisse, Bois de réglisse, Bois douce, Racine douce, Fr.

The roots and rhizomes (underground stems) of Glycyrrhiza glabra typica R et H., and G. glabra glandulifera R et H., Leguminosae. Bright, pale yellow.

Nearly odorless, somewhat heavy.

Very sweet, slightly pungent and somewhat mucilaginous.

Parenchyma cells medium sized, typical, rather thin-walled and loosely united; filled with simple, small oval starch granules. Typical bast plentiful, accompanied by numerous crystal bearing fibers. Numerous parenchyma cells with prismatic crystals. Porous and reticulate ducts. The unpeeled licorice shows cork tissue.

The ash of the peeled roots should not exceed 6 per cent., and that of the unpeeled roots should not exceed 8 per cent.

There is no recognizable histological difference between the Spanish and Russian varieties. Cork tissue is of course wanting in the peeled article. Trimmings and milling refuse may be used as adulterants.