112. (Fig. 113.) HYDRASTIS. Hydrastis. U. S.

Fl. ex. 60. Tinct. 60.

Golden-seal, Yellow-root, Yellow puccoon, Orange-root, Indian dye, Indian tumeric, E. Canadische Gelbwurzel, G. Racine orange, Sceau d'or, Fr.

The rhizomes and roots of Hydrastis canadensis L., Ranunculaceæ. Bright lemon yellow.

Soil odor, peculiar.

Very bitter.

Outer rather dark cork tissue. Typical rather thin-walled parenchyma; outer parenchyma somewhat colenchymatous. The starch is not very abundant, mostly simple, also compound and a few aggregates. Simple granules measure from 5 to 11. Hili indistinct and no polarizing phenomena. Porous, not large, ducts and tracheids. Some parenchyma cells and most of the ducts contain a bright yellow resin.

Ash 9.5 per cent.

Said to be adulterated with curcuma, serpentaria, cypripedium and several other roots. Despite the high price of the drug it is comparatively rarely adulterated.

113. (Fig. 114.) HYOSCYAMUS. Hyoscyamus. U. S.
Leaves.

Fl. ex. 60. Tinct. 60.

Henbane, E. Bilsenkraut, G. Jusquiame noir, Fr.

The leaves of the second year's growth of Hyoscyamus niger L., Solanaceæ.

Dull grayish green.

Narcotic, heavy, especially when moist.

Bitterish, somewhat pungent.

Leaf epidermis with stomata above and below; vertical walls thin, wavy. Large, simple, many celled, thin-walled, more or less collapsed trichomes. The glandular trichomes usually bear one secreting cell. The simple trichomes are externally pitted and some of them are branching. Typical spongy tissue. Prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate quite numerous.

The drug is usually quite dirty, with considerable sand but the total ash should not exceed 23 per cent.

Adulterated with leaves of allied species, and leaves of stramonium, digitalis, belladonna and verbascum.

Fig. 114. HYOSCYAMUS. Leaf.

a, b. Epidermal tissues and trichomes.

c, d. Parenchyma.

e. Spongy tissue cells.

f. Prismatic crystals.

114. (Fig. 115.) HYOSCYAMUS. Hyoscyamus. U. S.

Seeds.

Fl. ex. 60. Tinct. 40.

Names and origin as for 113.

Ash gray.
Odorless.

Bitter, somewhat pungent.

The outer layer of seed coat consists of large, irregularly rounded, brownish, thick-walled sclerenchyma cells, the outer wall being thin, pores not noticeable, filled with a granular proteid substance. Endosperm cells not very thick-walled nor porous, filled with granular proteid matter and fat.