a. Transverse view of epidermis, parenchyma and resin cells (c). b. Longitudinal profile view of epidermal cells. d. Vertical view of epidermal cells. dextrin granules.

e. Amylo

3000006

Fig. 132. MACE. False.

a. Transverse view of epidermal cells, parenchyma and resin cell. b. Longitudinal view of epidermis, parenchyma and resin cells. d. Vertical view of epidermal cells. e. Amylodextrin granules.

133. (Fig. 133.) MANNA. Manna. U. S.

The dried sugar-like exudate of Fraxinus Ornus L., Oleaceæ.
Somewhat sticky, in gummed particles.

Somewhat yellowish, dirty color.

Faint odor.

Sweet taste.

Aggregates of prismatic crystals of mannose are present which gradually dissolve in water. Various impurities are quite generally present, among them bein gbacteria, yeasts, molds, mold spores, vegetable tissue elements, moth and butterfly scales, etc.

Ash should not exceed 2 per cent.

Varies greatly in purity. The purer grades are less hygroscopic and sticky and contain less of the impurities above mentioned.

Fig. 133. MANNA. a, crystals of mannose; b, impurities which are usually present, more especially in the less pure grades, represented by bacteria, yeast cells, mold, mold spores, dirt and sand particles, vegetable tissue elements, moth and butterfly scales, etc.

Epidermal cells above and below polygonal; upper much larger, vertical walls thicker. Stomata on lower surface only. Simple, three to five celled, thick-walled trichomes, somewhat widened at the transverse septæ. A hypoderm of a single layer of tangentially flattened cells. Resin glands in the leaf parenchyma.

Adulterated with leaves of related species and leaves of other plants which all differ considerably histologically. Compare trichomes.

135. MATRICARIA. German Chamomile. U. S.

Fl. ex. 30.

Kamillenblumen, G. Fleurs de camomille commune (d'Allemagne),

Fr.

The flowering heads of Matricaria Chamomilla L., Compositæ. Greenish.

Fragrant, chamomile odor.

Bitter.

Epidermal cells with sinuate vertical walls; abundant collapsed parenchyma tissue; very porous tracheid-like cells. No starch. The pollen grains with prominent conical projections and three pores form the most marked microscopical characteristic of the powder. The glandular trichomes are usually so much collapsed as to be unrecognizable.

Ash 10 per cent.

Adulterated with flowers of Anthemis arvensis, Maruta cotula and other related plants. Compare with Roman chamomile.