c. Trichomes, simple, showing cuticular markings (a medium sized trichome).

d. Gland, top view.

e. Small glandular trichome.

140. (Fig. 138.) METHYSTICUM. Methysticum.

Ava, ava Kava, Kava Kava.

Fl. ex. 60.

The roots of Piper methysticum Forster, Piperaceæ.
Light brown to very light brown.

Somewhat fragrant.

Pungent, bitter, somewhat astringent.

Parenchyma cells typical, medium sized, filled with rather large compound starch granules, having distinct hili. Scalariform, reticulate and porous ducts. Brownish sclerenchymatous, porous, bast fibers; nearly colorless bast fibers. Sclerenchymatous, very porous, tracheids. Typical brownish, thick-walled porous sclerenchyma fibers Epidermal cells polygonal, walls porous, containing crystalline substances. Elongated parenchymatous cells with deep brown resinous

matter.

141. (Fig. 139.) MEZEREUM. Mezereon. U. S.
Fl. ex. 30,

Seidelbastrinde, Kellerhalsrinde, G. Ecorce de mézéréon, de garou, de lauréole, de thymele, Fr.

The bark of Daphne Mezereum L., and of other species of Daphne, Thymeleaceæ.

Very light brownish gray.

Odorless.

Very pungent, develops very gradually.

Brown to nearly colorless cork tissue and very numerous, very slender, greatly elongated, thin-walled, bast fibers. Parenchyma cells large, thin-walled, collapsed, empty. Some smaller, thicker outer bark parenchyma with chlorophyll remnants and resinous matter. Ash 4 per cent.

The bark of several other species is used.