b. Outer bark parenchyma, vertical view.

c. Inner, smaller celled, parenchyma with crystals.

d. Cork.

e. Wood fibers.

f. Crystals.

208. (Fig. 200.) WINTERA. Winter's Bark.

Fl. ex. 60.

Winter's Zimmt, G. Ecorce de Winter, Fr.

The bark of Drimys Winteri Forster, Magnoliaceæ.
Cinnamon brown.

Aromatic, camphoraceous.

Very pungent, somewhat bitter.

Outer bark cells filled with reddish brown coloring matter. Inner bark parenchyma mostly empty; numerous larger cells filled with a bright yellow resin. Sclerenchyma cells much as in coto and paracoto, pores large, some filled with brown granular matter.

Confused with and substituted for coto, paracoto and canella.

a, b, c, d, e. Sclerenchyma cells.

f, h. Parenchyma cells with resin.

g. Outer bark cells with reddish brown coloring matter.

209. (Fig. 201.) XANTHOXYLUM. Prickly Ash. U. S.
Fl. ex. 30.

Toothache tree, Angelica tree, Suterberry, E. Zahnwehrinde, G. Clavalier, Frêne épineux, Fr.

The bark of Xanthoxylum Americanum Miller, Rutaceæ.

Light brown.

Odorless.

Very pungent, bitterish.

Outer bark of cork with brown cell-contents.

Collenchymatous middle bark. Inner bark of parenchyma, of mostly elongated cells, short crystal bearing cells and groups of phloem tissue; large yellow resin bearing cells. Both prismatic and aggregate crystals of calcium oxalate abundant. Yellow sclerenchyma cells and some bent, twisted and somewhat branching bast cells.

Ash 5 per cent.

May be adulterated with bark of other species, Angustura and false Angustura.

Fig. 201. XANTHOXYLUM.

a. Parenchyma with crystals and granular contents.

b. Parenchyma and resin cells (c).

d. Sclerenchyma.

e. Bast.

f. Collenchymatous tissue.

9. Outer bark parenchyma.