THE

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA

A

DICTIONARY

OF

ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL

INFORMATION

ELEVENTH EDITION

VOLUME XIV

HUSBAND to ITALIC

NEW YORK

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA COMPANY

1910

Ref AE 5

.E36 19100 V. 14

Copyright, in the United States of America, 1910,

by

The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XIV. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL

CONTRIBUTORS, WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE

ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. Bs.

A. Bo.*

A. Cy.

A. C. G.

A. E. G.*

A. E. H. L.

A. F. C.

ADOLFO BARTOLI (1833-1894).

Formerly Professor of Literature at the Istituto di studi superiori at Florence. Italian Literature (in part).

Author of Storia della letteratura Italiana; &c.

AUGUSTE BOUDINHON, D.D., D.C.L.

Professor of Canon Law at the Catholic University of Paris. Honorary Canon of
Paris. Editor of the Canoniste contemporain.

ARTHUR ERNEST COWLEY, M.A., LITT.D.

Index Librorum Prohl-
bitorum; Infallibility.

Ibn Gabirol;
Inscriptions: Semitic.

Sub-Librarian of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College.
ALBERT CHARLES LEWIS GOTTHILF GÜNTHER, M. A., M.D., PH.D., F.R.S.
Keeper of Zoological Department, British Museum, 1875-1895. Gold Medallist,
Royal Society, 1878. Author of Catalogues of Colubrine Snakes, Batrachia Salientia, Ichthyology (in part).
and Fishes in the British Museum; Reptiles of British India; Fishes of Zanzibar;
Reports on the "Challenger" Fishes; &c.

REV. ALFRED ERNEST GARVIE, M.A., D.D.

Principal of New College, Hampstead. Member of the Board of Theology and the

Board of Philosophy, London University. Author of Studies in the inner Life

of Jesus; &c.

AUGUSTUS EDWARD HOUGH LOVE, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.

Immortality;

Inspiration.

Hon. Infinitesimal Calculus.

Sedleian Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Oxford.
Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.
Secretary to the London Mathematical Society.

ALEXANDER FRANCIS CHAMBERLAIN, A.M., PH.D.

Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts. Indians, North American.
Member of American Antiquarian Society; Hon. Member of American Folk-lore
Society. Author of The Child and Childhood in Folk Thought.

A. S. Wo.

ARTHUR SMITH WOODWARD, LL.D., F.R.S.

A. W. H.

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn,

1900.

See the biographical article, NEWTON, ALFRED.

Formerly Professor of Semitic Philology in the Universities of Leipzig and Tübingen. Irak-Arabi (in part).

Author of Arabische Grammatik; &c.

Keeper of Geology, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. Secretary of

the Geological Society, London.

ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND.

Ichthyosaurus;

Iguanodon.

Imperial Cities;

{Huygens, Christiaan.

Ibis; Icterus.

Instrument of Government.

Assistant Keeper of Printed Books, British Museum. Fellow of King's College,

London. Hon. Secretary Bibliographical Society. Editor of Books about Books Incunabula.

and Bibliographica. Joint-editor of The Library. Chief Editor of the "Globe

Chaucer.

ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B.

"

Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the

Laws of England.

Inebriety, Law of;

Insanity: Law.

'A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

V