Misdemeanors defined and distinguished from crimes
and felony, n. 194.
MISSISSIPPI. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17. Number of rep-
resentatives, n. 24. Population of, in each decade, n. 24,
pp. 69, 70. Assigned to fifth judicial circuit, n. 197. Ad-
mitted into the Union, n. 230. Its history during the
rebellion. n. 235. Ratified the 13th amendment, n. 274.
Rejected the 14th, n. 275. One of the rebel States, n. 276,
p. 282, § 1.
Its government subject to military rule, Id.
p. 256, § 1. Number of registered voters, n. 278.
MISSOURI. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17. Number of rep-
resentatives, n. 24. Population of, in each decade, n. 24.
pp. 69, 70. Assigned to eighth judicial circuit, n. 197. Ad-
mitted into the Union, n. 230. Its history during the
rebellion, n. 235. Ratified the 13th amendment, n. 274;
the 14th, n. 275.

MONARCHICAL government, as contradistinguished from republican
government, n. 233, p. 243.

MONEY. Congress shail have power to borrow money on the
credit of the United States.

Money defined, notes 83, 84. This carries the right to
issue treasury notes and to make them legal tenders, n. 83.
MONEY. Congress shall have power to coin money, regulate the
value thereof, and of foreign coin...

To coin money defined, n. 97. Money defined, n. 98.
A history of regulating the value, n. 99. Legal tenders
considered, n. 100.

MONEY. Congress shall have power to raise and support armies,
but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a
longer term than two years

(See Appropriations, n. 126.)

MONEY. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in con-
sequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular
statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of
all public money shall be published from time to time....
MONEY. No State shall coin money..
MONROE, JAMES. President, n. 166.
MORRIS, ROBERT, of Pennsylvania.

Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21. Signed the Con-
stitution, p. 42.

MORRIS, GOUV., of New York. Signed Articles of Confederation,
p. 21. Of Pennsylvania. Signed Constitution, pp. 42,

252.

MORTON, JOHN, of Pennsylvania. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.

NAMES of the members. The yeas and nays of the members of
either house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-
fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.
NAMES of the signers of the Dec. of Ind. pp. 7, 8. Of the Articles
of Confederation, p. 21. Of the Constitution of the United
States, pp. 41, 42, 252. Of the States of the Union,
notes, 17, 24. 274, 275. Of the Speakers of the House of
Representatives, n. 26, p. 73. Of the presiding officers of
the Senate, n. 38. Of the Presidents of the United States,
n. 166, p. 163. Of the Vice-Presidents of the United
States, n. 37, pp. 77, 78. Of the Chief-Justices, n. 197, p.
192. Of the Associate Justices, n. 197, p. 193. Of the new
States admitted, n. 230, pp. 236, 237. Of the States which
ratified the Constitution, n. 243. Which ratified and re-
jected the 13th constitutional amendment, n. 274. And
14th amendment, n. 275. Of the ten rebel States, n. 276.
NATIONAL bank. The States have the right to tax the interest of
the shareholders, n. 74. The power of Congress to incor-
porate, notes 80, 138.

NATIONAL forces. All the citizens of the United States declared,
n. 135, p. 136. The constitutionality of this denied and
affirmed. Id. and n. 125, p. 132.

NATIONAL government. (See Government.)

NATIONAL securities. A statement of, n. 78, p. 99. The States
have no right to tax them, n. 84.

NATIVE born of Louisiana became citizens, n. 220, § 3. All born
in the allegiance of the United States are native born,
n. 274.
NATURAL born citizens. No person, except a natural born citizen,
or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption
of this Constitution, shall be eligible to office of President.
Not made by law or otherwise; born, n. 169. Every
person born in the country is at the moment of birth
prima facie a citizen, notes 169, 274, p. 224. (See Citizen
notes 220, 274.

NATURALIZATION. Congress shall have power to establish an uni-
form rule of naturalization

Naturalization defined, n. 93. Its effects, Id. The power
in Congress is exclusive, Id. Who may be naturalized, Id.
p. 113, and note 274, pp. 274, 275, All persons born or natu-
ralized in the United States, and subject to jurisdiction
thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State
wherein they reside (see Citizens), Art. XIV. pp. 1, 48.)
NAVAL forces. Congress shall have power to make rules for the
government and regulation of the land and naval forces...
(For these rules, see n. 129.) This power under the
Confederation, Art. IX., p. 14.

NAVAL forces. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or
otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment of a
grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval
forces, &c. Amendments...

This compared with the last recited power and the navy,
n. 254. Congress may punish offenses in the army and
navy, n. 254. Such sentences are beyond the jurisdiction
of the courts, Id. Congress may fix the promotions in, n.
184, p. 181.

NAVIGABLE waters. The entire, of the United States, covered by
the admiralty jurisdiction, n. 203. Without regard to the
ebb and flow of the ocean, Id. Congress may regulate
bridges over, n. 89, p. 108.

NAVIGATION. Included by the term commerce, notes 86, 89, 274.
NAVY. Congress shall have power to provide and maintain a navy.
To provide and maintain defined, n. 127. Navy defined,
n. 128.

NAVY. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army

and navy

(See Commander-in-chief, n. 175.)
NEBRASKA. Rule of suffrage in, n. 17, p. 62.

Number of inhabit-
ants in 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Admitted into the Union, n.
230. Ratified the 13th constitutional amendment, n. 274;
the 14th, n. 275.

NECESSARY. Congress shall have power to make all laws which
shall be necessary and proper

Necessary defined and criticised, n. 138, p. 139. Com-
pared with appropriate, n. 274. Compared with absolutely
necessary, notes 138, 162.

NECESSARY. The President shall, from time to time, recommend
to Congress such measures as he shali judge necessary and
expedient..

NECESSARY. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses
shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this
Constitution, &c...

NECESSARY. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the secu-
rity of a free State, the right of the people to keep and
bear arms shall not be infringed. Amendments..
(See Militia.)

NELSON, Jr., THOMAS, of Virginia. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
NEVADA. Rule of suffrage in, n. 17, p. 62. Number of inhabitants
in 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Assigned to ninth judicial circuit,
n. 197. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the
18th constitutional amendment, n. 274. The 14th, n. 275.

NEW HAMPSHIRE. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
federation, p. 9. Signed the same, p. 21.
stitution of the United States, p. 41.

n. 17, p. 62.

One of the Con-

Signed the Con-
Rule of suffrage in,

NEW HAMPSHIRE. Entitled to three representatives in the first
Congress..

Three by the census of 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Population
under each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70, 71. Assigned to the first
judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Ratified the 18th amend-
ment, n. 274. The 14th, n. 275.

NEW JERSEY. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7.

One of the Con-
federation, p. 9. Signed the Articles of Confederation,
p. 21. Signed the Constitution of the United States, pp.
41, 252. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17, p. 62.
NEW JERSEY. Entitled to four representatives in first Congress..
Three by the census of 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Population
under each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70, 71. Assigned to the
first judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Ratified the 13th
amendment, n. 274; the 14th, n. 275

NEW States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union....
New States defined, n. 229. Under the Articles of Con-
federation, Art. XI. p. 19. The Confederate States Consti-
tution prepared, n. 229. A list of new States, and the con-
secutive dates of their admission, n. 230. The effect of
enabling acts and of the Constitution, n. 230,

NEW YORK. Signed the declaration of Independence, p. 7. One
of the States of the Confederation, p. 9. Signed the articles
thereof, p. 21. Signed the Constitution of the United
S ates, pp. 42, 252. Qualification of voters in, n. 17., p. 63.
NEW YORK. Entitled to six represent atives in first Congress....

To th rty-one under the census of 1860, n. 24, p. 69.
Population under each decade, pp. 69, 70. Assigned to the
second judicial circuit, n. 197. Ratified the 13th consti-
tutional amendment, n. 274; the 14th, n. 275.
NOBILITY. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United
States.

Nobility defined, n. 150. The reason given, Id.
NOBILITY. No State shall grant any title of nobility...
NOMINATE. The President shall nominate, and, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassa-
dors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the
Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States,
whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided
for, and which shall be established by law

Nominate defined, n. 179.
NULLIFICATION and secession have the same poisonous root, Pref.

p. vii.

OATH or affirmation. Senators when sitting to try impeachments
shall be on oath or affirmation...
The oath in Chase's trial, n. 39.

OATH of the President of the United States. Before he enter on
the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath
or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear or affirm, that I will
faithfully execute the office of President of the United
States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve,
protect, and defend the Constitution of the United
States.'

This constitutes the President, above all other officers,
the guardian, protector, and defender of the Constitution,
n. 74.
OATH or affirmation. The senators and representatives before
mentioned, and the members of the several State legisla-
tures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the
United States and of the several States, shall be bound by
oath or affirmation to support this Constitution, but no
religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to
any office or public trust under the United States.......

The oath prescribed by the act of 1789, n. 242. May be
enlarged, Id. and n. 46. It binds the citizens and the States
to support the Constitution, Id. The test oath of 1862, Id.
Declared unconstitutional as to attorneys in certain cases,
n. 242. Required of members from the rebel States, n. 274,
p. 23, $5. The oath explained, Id. p. 287, § 6.

OATH or affirmation. No warrants shall issue but upon probable
cause, supported by oath or affirmation. Amendments...
OATH of voters in the rebel States, n. 286, p. 284, § 1.

(Se Affirmation.)

OBJECTIONS of the President to bills.
OBLIGATION of contracts. No State
the obligation of contracts..

44,257

131, 153

Remark upon this, n. 152. What laws enter into the
obligation of the contract, n. 157. (See Contracts, notes
157, 158, 159, 160, 161.)

OCCASIONS. The President may, on extraordinary occasions, con-
vene both houses of Congress, or either of them...
OFFENSE. Nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to
be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb. Amendments...
(Sve Jeopardy.) Offense defined, n. 194.

OFFENSES against the law of nations may be defined and punished
by Congress....

Some of these offenses are not crimes, n. 115. The
term criticised, Id. and n. 194. (See Law of Nations,
n. 116.)

OFFENSES. The President shall have power to grant reprieves and
pardons for offenses against the United States..........
(See Reprieve-Pardon.)

OFFENSES against the laws of war must be dealt with by the same
laws, n. 115....

OFFICE. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend
further than to removal from office, and disqualification to
hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under
the United States..

It has been doubted if it should fall short of removal
from office, n. 40.

OFFICE. No Senator or representative shall, during the time for
which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office
under the authority of the United States which shall have
been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been
increased during such time....

The acceptance of an incompatible office vacates the
seat, notes 62-63. As a collector cannot also be an in-
spector, n. 63.

OFFICE No person holding any office under the United States
shall be a member of either house of Congress during his
continuance in office..

The acceptance of an incompatible office vacates the
first, n. 63.

OFFICE of the government. Congress shall have power to make all
laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into
execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers
vested by this Constitution in the government of the
United States, or in any department or officer thereof.....
OFFICE. No person holding any office of profit or trust under the
United States, shall, without the consent of the Congress,
accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any
kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State....
This does not extend to private citizens, n. 151.
OFFICE. The President shall hold his office during the term of
four years, and the Vice-President chosen for the same
time.

It was argued that the office being for a terin of years,
the President could not be subject to the rule of good
behavior applicable to judges, n. 194.

OFFICE. No person holding an office of trust or profit under the

United States shall be appointed an elector of President or
Vice-President of the United States
OFFICE of President United States. Eligibility of a person to the
office of President of the United States. (See Eingi-
bility.)....
OFFICE. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of
his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers
and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the
Vice-President, and the Congress may, by law, provide for
the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both
of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer
shall then act as President; and such officer shall act ac-
cordingly until the disability be removed or a President
shall be elected...

The office now devolves first upon the Vice-President,
next upon the presiding officer of the Senate; and lastly,
upon the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and
elections are provided for, n. 172.

OFFICE, tenure of. Those holding to continue, how long, n. 184,
pp. 179, 180, § 1, 4. The cabinet to hold during the
presidential term, subject to removal. Id. § 1. Upon
suspension of office, duties of, how performed. Id. § 2.
The effect of the suspension from. Id. When offices re-
main in abeyance, Id. p. 180, § 3. To hold contrary to
law, how punished, Id. § 5. To appoint to, contrary to
law, how punished, Id. § 6. Duties of the President on
naming any person to office, n. 184, p. 181, § 8.
No person
to be paid for exercising office contrary to the act; punish-
ment for, Id. § 9. The decisions before the law, n. 184,
p. 181.

OFFICE. Oath of office of President of the United States
(See Oath, n. 242.)

OFFICES. The President may require the opinion, in writing, of
the principal officers in each of the executive departments,
upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective
offices..

As to who those seven officers are, see note 176.
OFFICES. The judges, both of the Supreme and Inferior courts,
shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall at
stated times, receive for their services a compensation,
which shall not be diminished during their continuance in
office

That is for life or until impeached. See notes 194,
197, 198. All offices to be established by the Constitution
or law, n. 181. What are offices, Id. The power to
appoint to includes the power to remove, n. 184. Now
regulated by the Tenure of Office law, Id. p. 179.
OFFICERS of the army and navy can only be removed by court-
martial, n. 184, p. 179. Tenure of civil offices-Cabinet,
Id. When subject to suspension and removal, and the
consequences, Id. Who to exercise the temporary powers
of, Id. § 2, 8. To be commissioned by the President
when, n. 184, p. 180, § 6.

OFFICERS.

The House of Representatives shall choose their
Speaker and other officers....

OFFICERS. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a
President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-Presi-
dent...

List of presiding officers, n. 38. When they become
President, n. 172.

OFFICERS of militia. The appointment of officers of the militia
reserved to the States respectively..

125.

This was in effect destroyed by the conscript law, n.
OFFICERS of the United States. (See Appointments of.)..
OFFICERS. The President shall commission all the officers of the

United States...

OFFICERS. All civil officers of the United States shall be removed