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(4) Whenever work is suspended on any item of repairs the cause and probable time of such suspension will be noted on the report. 1632. (1) Heads of departments at a navy yard shall be directly Responsibility responsible to the commandant of the yard, who will in turn be for prompt and held to a rigid responsibility for the prompt and efficient execution of orders concerning repairs.

efficient work.

Estimated cost

(2) Repairs of ships in commission shall be regarded as urgent work in which the utmost diligence is to be exacted of all concerned. 1633. All reports of required repairs or alterations transmitted by commandants to the Department shall bear an indorsement by to be reported. the head of the department having cognizance thereof, which shall show the probable time and estimated cost of each general item. 1634. (1) Ordinary repairs to hull, machinery, and outfit of ships not requiring the plant of ship or engine building establish- ship's force. ments shall, as far as possible, be made by the artisans of the ship or squadron.

(2) A careful and systematic economy shall be observed in the purchase of material for repairs, and the allowance books strictly adhered to, except in cases of emergency, which shall be reported to the Department.

Repairs by

1635. (1) The mechanics of ships of the Navy on foreign stations Repairs on may repair merchant vessels of the United States in cases where a merchant vessels in foreign refusal to do so would cause injurious delays or great increase of waters. expenses. They shall receive for their services such compensation as their captain may regard as fair and equitable.

(2) Assistance may be rendered, under similar circumstances and on similar terms, to foreign vessels by permission of the senior officer.

SECTION 2.-CARE OF IRON AND STEEL SHIPS.

Permanent

1636. (1) The captain of every iron or steel ship shall appoint a permanent board of three line officers, one of whom shall be an en- board. gineer officer of the ship, for the purpose of examining and reporting upon her condition, especially as regards corrosion at the water line, and of the under-water exterior of the ship, including valves, propellers, rudder, and all other fittings each time they are accessible. They shall also examine and report upon all parts of the top sides, inner hull, and double bottoms, at some time during the quarter; the interval between two successive inspections to be not more than four months. The board shall also report upon the efficiency of all steam and hand pumps within the ship, requiring them to be tested, both for draining the bilges and for fire purposes.

(2) Where practicable, the officers composing this board shall be other than those designated in article 1637, paragraph 2, as directly responsible for the care and preservation of the ship, but they shall be assisted by such other persons as may be necessary for the efficient performance of their duties. The reports of the board shall be forwarded to the Department, for the information of the Bureau of Construction and Repair.

(3) The report by the permanent board shall include a statement as to the structural condition of all valves and ports in the underwater outer hull, the rudders, propellers, shaft struts, and tubes, torpedo tubes, bilge keels, and other fittings; also the date of last cleaning and painting, the condition of the paint at the time, and the kind of paint or composition used in repainting.

Hull book.

etc.

(4) The captain shall cause a book to be kept, to be called the "hull book," in which shall be entered by the officers making them, reports, duly signed, required by articles 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, and 1640, paragraph 2.

Inspection of 1637. (1) The captain shall cause all compartments and mechancompartments, ical devices for the management and safety of the vessel to be inspected weekly, except double-bottom compartments, which shall be inspected quarterly, unless, in special cases, a more frequent examination is necessary. He shall require a separate written report from each officer of the part inspected by him.”

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(2) The executive officer and the senior engineer officer shall each inspect monthly, all compartments, water-tight doors and mechanical devices for the management and safety of the vessel for which each is specially responsible, and shall make to the captain, after each inspection, separate written reports of the condition of the parts of the ship, and of the mechanical devices thus inspected.

(3) The senior medical officer shall once in each week accompany the executive officer, when that officer is inspecting the living spaces, holds, and storerooms, and shall make to the captain, after said inspection, a written report of the sanitary condition of the vessel.

(4) The captain shall require to be kept on hand a sufficient quantity of cement, composition, and paint, such as is used on board to prevent corrosion.

1638. (1) The ship, if not sheathed, and if in commission for sea service, shall be docked, cleaned, and painted at least once in six months when practicable. Under no circumstances shall more than nine months elapse without docking, except by authority of the Secretary of the Navy. The bottoms of ships shall not be cleaned by divers except in cases of urgent military necessity, when great care shall be exercised to remove as little as possible of the coating of paint. Whenever the ship is docked, the senior engineer shall examine all outboard valves in any way connected with the engineer department, also the propellers and shaft tubes, and the result shall be entered in the steam and ship's logs. The executive officer shall examine all other outboard valves, and also the rudder and other under-water fittings, and enter their condition in the ship's log.

(2) When a vessel is docked, the bottom is to be thoroughly cleaned and all blistered paint scraped, but no paint of any kind which adheres firmly and affords protection is to be removed. Wherever practicable, paint of the same nature as that previously employed shall be used. Under exceptional circumstances only, to be specifically stated, should red lead or a mixture of red lead and white zinc be used; and in such cases the bottom shall be carefully prepared and ample time allowed for the paint to thoroughly dry.

1639. (1) When a ship is docked on a foreign station the permanent board provided for in article 1636 shall examine the ship's bottom and report upon its condition and upon the paint used. A copy of their report shall be entered in the ship's log and the report forwarded to the Department. The report shall contain the following data:

(2) Date of docking.

(3) Date of previous docking.

(4) Itinerary of ship. Give date of arrival and departure of ship in different ports, also number of days at sea on each passage and number of days in harbor.

(5) State approximate cruising distance since last docking, and average speed.

(6) State liability to fouling and the prevalent kind of marine growth in any harbor where ship may have been at anchor for any length of time.

(7) State the condition of the ship as to fouling and kind of fouling:

(a) At or near the water line. (b) At turn of bilge.

(c) Near keel.

(d) At the entrance and run.

(8) Describe carefully the condition of the paint, noting deterioration of any of the paints applied, body of paint remaining, and whether this be anticorrosive, antifouling, or protective paint only. Note carefully the effect upon the paints used of the fouling, and where different kinds of fouling exist compare the effect of the different ones upon the paint.

(9) Corrosion or pitting of bottom. Describe its character in detail, stating definitely the amount of surface affected and where it occurs.

(10) Number of coats and kinds of paint applied, stating definitely the brand of paint and all distinguishing marks to make absolute identification possible.

(11) Same information as No. 10 for previous docking. (12) The atmospheric conditions at time of painting.

General direc

tions.

1640. (1) The inspections and examinations provided for in the preceding articles should be the means of detecting any places tions and precaushowing corrosion of a serious nature. When such places are discovered they must, at the first possible opportunity, be carefully scaled, dried, and again coated with anticorrosive material.

(2) The frequent recurrence of corrosion in any particular compartment should be followed by special investigation to determine the cause and the best remedy possible. Unusual cases of this nature should be made the subject of a special report, giving a detailed statement of the extent and character of corrosion, of the remedies applied and, as far as discovered, the cause or causes.

(3) The interior surfaces of coal bunkers, being subject to excessive abrasion, are liable to rapid corrosion if not thoroughly protected. As far as practicable, they should be cleaned and painted with brown oxide of iron or with red lead at least once a quarter.

(4) The rubber gaskets of water-tight doors, manholes, hatches, air ports, etc., must be neither painted, greased, nor oiled; louvres, gauze air screens, screw threads, and zinc protectors on the bottom must not be painted.

(5) An iron or steel unsheathed ship must never be attached to the moorings or chains used for a sheathed ship, nor moored close alongside the latter.

(6) Great care must be observed that no loose articles of copper or bronze, filings of the same, or rust scale, are allowed to rest on the bottom in immediate contact with the iron or steel, and that the leaden pipes, strainers, or such other parts in the bilges are kept in good condition.

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(7) Bronze screw propellers shall at all times before starting on a voyage, if possible, be cleaned of all marine growth. Zinc protectors must be placed near them.

(8) Whitewash must never be applied to any of the iron or steel parts of the ship.

Water

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(9) An incandescent electric lamp of high power, with a portable connection, should be used for examining the condition of double bottoms, the interiors of boilers, and other dark places.

(10) When about tɔ examine, clean, or paint double bottoms, or boilers, the following cautionary measures must be adopted: They should be opened up and well ventilated, a connection being made to a fan system if possible. This done, the purity of the air should be tested before entering by burning a candle on the bottom at least five minutes. Working parties inside must always maintain communication with some one outside; they must also have with them a lighted candle, and withdraw should it begin to burn dimly.

1641. The double bottoms of iron and steel ships may be utilized double bottoms. for carrying fresh water for steaming purposes whenever, in the opinion of the captain, it is desirable. Under ordinary service conditions the double bottoms should be kept free from water. When salt water is admitted to the double bottoms of a ship in commission, either purposely or accidentally, the captain shall, as soon as practicable, report the fact and the accompanying circumstances to the Department.

Painting ship.

Boats.

1642. (1) The hulls of all iron and steel vessels of the Navy, between the load water line and the highest practically continuous sheer line on the outside, and all bulwarks inside, shall be painted white.

(2) The surface shall be prepared for painting by scrubbing it with common brown soap and fresh water, using burlap or scrubbing brushes. Where the old paint is lumpy or thick, fine sand used with soap and a scrubbing brush may be found advantageous; but under no circumstances will steel scrapers be used.

(3) The first coat shall consist of mixed white lead of the usual consistency, using raw linseed oil and turpentine in equal proportions, and one-half pint of liquid drier to each gallon of paint. To this mixture is to be added one ounce of lampblack, ground in oil for each gallon of paint, to stain it slate color.

(4) The second coat shall consist of mixed white lead of the usual consistency, using four-fifths raw linseed oil and one-fifth turpentine, adding a half pint of liquid drier to each two gallons of paint.

(5) The third coat shall consist of two-thirds white zinc and onethird white lead, mixed with raw linseed oil, adding a half pint of liquid drier to each two gallons of paint, as in the case of the second coat.

(6) The hull and outside face of all permanent fittings above the highest practically continuous sheer line (other than those having a hard wood-finish), and the masts, yards, bowsprits, smokestacks, and ventilators of all vessels shall be painted a light straw color, the formula for mixing which is as follows:

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(7) A straw-color paint, ready mixed by the above formula, is for issue in cans by general storekeepers, and shall be used, when obtainable, in preference to paint mixed on board ship.

(8) The boats of all ships, except wherries and hard-wood barges, which may be left bright, shall be painted white outside.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

QUARANTINE-PILOTAGE.

SECTION 1.-QUARANTINE.

Quarantine

1643. (1) Captains of ships shall, on entering a port, whether foreign or domestic, comply strictly with all its regulations regulations to be regarding quarantine.

always complied with.

officers'

(2) They shall, whether liable to quarantine or not, afford every Facilities for facility to health officers in making their visits, and give all the health information the latter may require.

visits.

(3) Should doubt exist as to the regulations of the port, no com- When doubt munication shall be held with the shore, with boats, or with other exists as to quarantine regulaships, until a sufficient time has elapsed to allow of the visit of the tions. health officer.

tious disease ex

1644. (1) Should a ship of the Navy arrive in port with an Duty of capinfectious or contagious disease on board, or should such disease tain when infecbreak out while lying in port, the captain shall hoist the quarantine flag and prevent all communication liable to spread the disease elsewhere until pratique is received.

(2) In order to check the spread of such disease on board ship he shall arrange with the authorities of the port for the care and treatment of patients on shore or on board a hulk.

(3) If at sea in company with other ships, and an infectious or contagious disease exist or appear on board, he shall keep the quarantine flag flying as long as it lasts, and shall do all in his power to prevent its dissemination.

ists.

Caution in re

vessels.

1645. (1) In boarding vessels arriving, care shall be taken not to violate the rules of the port; and in case they are subject to gard to boarding quarantine the boarding officer shall, if possible, obtain the information required without going alongside.

Boarding ves

(2) Vessels at sea that come from a suspected port, or have any cases of infectious or contagious disease on board, or do not have a sels at sea. clean bill of health, or are otherwise liable to quarantine, shall not be boarded, unless it be absolutely necessary, and the fact of such communication, when it occurs, shall be reported on arrival in port to the health officer.

(3) No concealment shall be made of any circumstances that may subject a ship of the Navy to quarantine.

SECTION 2.-PILOTAGE.

1646. (1) Captains may employ pilots whenever, in their judgment, such employment is necessary.

(2) When pilots are employed, they shall not be called on board until the ship is ready to proceed to sea; nor, when coming from sea, shall they be kept on board after the ship has reached her destination.

No concealment of facts allowed.

Employment of pilots.

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