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At gangways.

Cheering.

How are addressed.

officers

To dress ship.

Personal flags or pennants.

109. At landings and gangways juniors shall give way to seniors, and at all times juniors shall show deference to their seniors by abstaining from crossing the bows of their boats, crowding them, or ignoring their presence.

110. Cheers shall not be given as a compliment to any officer. 111. Officers in verbal official communications shall be addressed solely by their titles as given in their commissions or as they appear in the Navy Register; those below the rank of commander in the line, and all officers of the staff, may be addressed by their title, or as Mr. or Dr., as the case may be.

112. (1) On the occasion of dressing ship: Cross all but royal yards. Lower into places where secured all derricks, booms, etc. Ship flag and jack staffs. Hoist a national ensign at each masthead. If the masts are the same height the ensigns should be the same size. At the peak, or on a staff aft, display the largest ensign with which the ship is furnished. Forward on the jack staff hoist the jack.

(2) If the dressing is complimentary to some other nation, then the ensign or standard of that nation shall be hoisted, as provided in article 141. In ships having less than three masts, the disposition of decorations shall be as nearly in accord with the foregoing as possible.

(3) The light yards should be across before 7.30. At 8 a. m. the ship should be dressed and remain so until sundown.

(4) In three-masted vessels, no ensign shall be displayed at a masthead where the flag or pennant of a flag officer, commodore, or senior officer is flying. In dressing ship in two- or one-masted vessels, a national ensign may be hoisted at the same masthead with any one of the above personal flags.

113. (1) On the occasion of full-dressing ship: In addition to To full dress the dressing of the mastheads, when the masting of the ship will ship. permit, a rainbow of flags will be arranged, reaching from the water line forward to the water line aft, by way of the head booms' end, topgallant mastheads, peak, and end of spanker boom. Peculiarly masted ships must provide to make the most artistic display, as little modified from the rainbow effect as it is possible for them to arrange.

(2) All ships shall, where possible, be dressed alike, and to insure uniformity, the flags shall be stopped on in the order as given in the Introduction to the General Signal Book.

114. (1) On an occasion of manning yards at the reception of Manning yards. any distinguished personage, the men shall be sent aloft in time to lay out when the approaching boat is at a distance at which a pulling boat would toss the bow oars; those forward of the gangway will face aft, and those abaft, forward; they will lay in and lay down at the last gun of the salute, or in case no salute is fired, upon the completion of the side honors.

(2) Upon his departure, the men will lay out as he comes on deck and face as before; they will lay in and lay down at the last gun. If his movements render it necessary, the men while on the yards will be faced about by word of command so as to continue facing the visitor.

Manning the

(3) The senior officer may dispense with manning yards on occasions when the weather or other circumstances render it unsafe, or rail. when ships are not properly masted or rigged for such a ceremony. In the latter case the rail may be manned for personages visiting or passing the ship.

Visits of cour

115. An officer joining a ship or naval station shall, in addition to reporting for duty, make a visit of courtesy to his flag officer and tesy. captain or commandant.

Distinguished

116. When any distinguished official visits a navy yard or naval station he shall, so far as practicable, receive the same honors as if officials visiting visiting a ship of the Navy.

SECTION 5.-HONORS AND SALUTES TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS

AND OFFICIALS.

navy yards.

Salute to a for

117. When a ship of the Navy enters a port of any foreign nation where there is a fort or battery displaying the national flag, or eign port. where a commissioned ship of war of that nation is lying, she shall fire a salute of twenty-one guns unless the captain has reason to believe that the salute can not be returned; and in this case he shall immediately take steps to ascertain the local regulations or customs. This salute shall be the first fired after entering the port. The ensign of the nation saluted shall be displayed at the main during the salute. In case two or more ships enter in company only the senior shall salute.

118. (1) When a ship of the Navy falls in at sea with a friendly Salutes to forforeign ship of war flying the flag or pennant of a flag officer or eign flag officers. commodore she shall exchange salutes with such ship of war in the same manner as when meeting similar ships of the United States, as provided in articles 88 and 89, except that the salute will be returned gun for gun.

(2) In port, if several flag officers are to be saluted, the salutes shall be fired in the order of their grade; if of the same grade, priority shall be given, first, to the nationality of the port, and, second,

Salutes to oth

cials.

to the length of service of the flag officers in their respective commands. As between flag officers of the same grade, the last comer will salute first. These salutes shall be fired as soon as possible after the usual boarding visits have been made.

119. On the occasion of the first official visit of a foreign naval er foreign offi- or military officer, a member of the diplomatic corps, or other distinguished official to a ship of the Navy, he is to receive the same honors as an official of the United States of the same grade or rank. A foreign official not thus provided for, when visiting a ship of the Navy, may be saluted either at his reception or departure with the number of guns he would be entitled to receive if visiting a ship of his own nation, or the number prescribed by the senior officer, not, however, to exceed nineteen. (See arts. 116 and 136.) No personal flag of any foreign official shall be saluted except as prescribed in articles 61 and 118, unless assurance is received that the salute will be returned.

Nations not recognized.

When meeting

120. No salute shall be fired in honor of any nation, or of any official of any nation, not formally recognized by the Government of the United States.

121. Officers and men of the Navy shall extend to foreign offiforeign officials. cials, when passing near ships of the Navy with the insignia of their rank flying, or when met ashore or afloat, the personal salutes and other marks of respect due to similar officials of the United States.

Lowering sail 122. No ship of the Navy shall lower her sails or dip her ensign and dipping en- unless in return for such compliments.

sign.

National airs

123. National airs of foreign states shall be played by the band

played in com- as a compliment, as follows: pliment.

Saluting ships.

(a) In the morning, after colors, the national air of the port, followed by the national airs of the ships of war present in the order of rank. (See art. 118.)

(b) When passing or being passed by a foreign ship of war close aboard, at which time officers and men on deck in sight shall salute. and sentries present arms.

SECTION 6.-SALUTES IN GENERAL.

124. (1) Ships of the Navy, in the absence of instructions from the Department, are to fire salutes when armed, as follows: Ships carrying ten or more broadside guns, or ships commanded by a captain or commander, and provided with four or more light quickfiring guns of practically the same size and volume of report, mounted on the hull, and suitably placed (top guns not being used for saluting).

(2) Heavier guns than those of 6-inch caliber are not to be used for saluting.

(3) In cases where, from any special cause, a ship, from which a salute in compliment to a foreign power or officer may reasonably be expected, is unable to salute, the circumstances are to be explained on the spot to the representative of such foreign power.

(4) In cases where, from any special circumstances, the omission to salute cannot be explained without giving offense to a foreign power or officer, salutes are to be fired by any ship which can possibly do so with safety, whether included in the foregoing category or not.

125. A national salute shall consist of twenty-one guns.

126. No salute shall be fired in the presence of a senior without his permission, except it be one in honor of such senior.

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When salutes

127. No salute shall be fired between sunset and sunrise. As a general rule, salutes shall be fired between 8 a. m. and sunset. may be fired. Salutes shall not be fired on Sunday, unless required by international courtesy. The national ensign shall always be displayed during a salute.

128. Forts and cities of the United States shall not be saluted by ships of the Navy.

129. Salutes shall not be fired in ports, or parts of ports, where they are forbidden by the local authorities.

130. Any boat having an official on board shall lay on oars, bows forward, during the firing of a salute in his honor.

United States forts and cities.

Where not to salute.

Boats while salute is firing.

Officials entito salutes

131. When two or more officials, each entitled to a salute, visit a ship of the Navy and depart in company, but one salute shall be tled fired, and that to the senior. If they depart in succession, each shall be saluted.

visit in company.

Salute to an

132. When any official entitled to a salute embarks in a ship of the Navy for the purpose of making a passage in her, he shall be official making a saluted when going on board and again upon disembarking.

a

133. When in doubt as to what officials are to be visited. saluted, or otherwise honored, or as to the rank of any official, or whether salute (involving a return) will be returned, captains of ships of the Navy will first send an officer to the official or other suitable person to obtain the required information.

134. The jib shall not be hoisted when saluting flag officers, except as a return for a similar compliment.

135. Salutes and other ceremonies attending the reception or departure of officials may be dispensed with at the personal request of the officers in whose honor they are prescribed.

136. (1) Officials whose rank entitles them to nineteen or more guns, shall receive full honors, including the salute with guns, on the occasion of every visit.

(2) Other officials, whether naval, military, or civil, shall not be saluted by the same ship, at the same port, or by a naval station, oftener than once in twelve months, unless such official has been advanced in rank. If a personal visit is made by a flag officer of a different command, such officer shall be given a personal salute on his departure, although his flag may have been previously saluted. (3) No port shall be saluted by the same ship oftener than once in twelve months.

SECTION 7.-RETURN SALUTES.

137. The following arrangements entered into by the maritime powers will be observed in regard to returning salutes: (1) Salutes to be returned gun for gun

(a) To the national flag upon arrival in a foreign port.

(b) To foreign flag officers and commodores when met at sea or in port.

(2) Salutes not to be returned

(a) To a president of a republic, royal personages, or members of royal families, whether on arrival at or departure from a port, or upon visiting ships of war.

passage.

When in doubt as to the rank of an official.

Not to use jib.

Salutes and ceremonies may be dispensed with.

When salutes

are due.

Return salutes.

Return salutes of flag officers.

Salutes to flag

(b) To diplomatic, naval, military, or consular authorities, or to governors, or officers administering a government, whether on arrival at or departure from a port, or when visiting ships of war. (c) To foreigners of high distinction on visiting ships of war. (d) Upon occasions of national festivals or anniversaries.

138. (1) When a ship or naval station of the United States salutes the flag of the Secretary of the Navy, or the flag of a flag officer, or the pennant of a commodore of the United States, the return salute shall be as follows:

(a) To an admiral, seventeen guns.

(b) To a rear admiral, thirteen guns.

(c) To a commodore, eleven guns.

(d) To any other commanding officer, seven guns.

(2) No salutes to other officials of the United States are to be returned.

139. Personal salutes fired to flag officers, either of the United officers, when not States or of any foreign state, on the occasion of their paying official visits, are not to be returned.

to be returned.

Salutes to 140. It is the duty of a fort or other army post to return a national United States salute fired by a foreign ship of war entering a port of the United ports to be re- States. turned by whom. In case there is no fort or post capable of returning the salute, it will be returned by the senior ship present, and if there be none, by a naval battery or station.

Salutes to func

SECTION 8.-ENSIGNS DISPLAYED WHEN SALUTING OR RETURNING
SALUTES.

141. The following rules in regard to displaying ensigns while saluting or returning salutes shall be observed:

(a) On the occasion of saluting the officials mentioned in sectionaries men- tions 1 and 2 of this chapter, ensigns shall be displayed as therein tioned in sections directed.

1 and 2.

National salutes.

Foreign na

ries or festivals.

(b) When firing a national salute upon entering a foreign port, or when returning the same from a ship of war of a foreign nation, the ensign of the foreign nation shall be displayed at the main.

(c) On all occasions of celebrating foreign national anniversaries tional auniversa- or festivals, when salutes are fired, the ensign of the nation celebrating the day shall be displayed at the main during the salute and for such further time as the ships of such nation present may remain dressed, and in the case of an anniversary of the nation in whose waters the ship is lying, where no ships of that nation are present, until sunset.

Foreign flag officers.

Personal salutes

cials.

(d) While saluting the flag or broad pennant of a foreign flag officer or commodore, or returning a foreign salute to a flag officer or commodore of the United States, the ensign of the foreign nation shall be displayed at the fore.

(e) During personal salutes fired in honor of foreign naval, milito foreign offi- tary, diplomatic, and consular officials, while visiting ships of the Navy, or other foreigners of distinction not provided for in section 1, the ensign of the foreign nation to which the visitor belongs shall be displayed at the fore.

Salutes

Officials other than naval.

to (f) On the occasion of saluting, in foreign ports, officials of the United States United States other than naval, the national ensign shall be displayed at the fore. If in the ports of the United States, no colors will be displayed in honor thereof, except as provided in sections 1 and 2 of this chapter.

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