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martial records.

Final disposi- 1929. The proceedings of all courts-martial will be forwarded tion of court- direct to the Judge Advocate General by the reviewing authority after acting thereon, or in the case of general courts-martial convened by the Secretary of the Navy, by the presiding officers of such courts; as will be all communications pertaining to questions of law arising before courts-martial, or to the proceedings thereof, which may require the action of the Department.

Persons enti

1930. Any person having an interest in the record of a naval tled to copy of court-martial is entitled to have an exemplified copy of it, after the court martial proceedings are consummated by the proper authority.

records.

ARTICLES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY.

The Navy of the United States shall be governed by the following articles:

Commanders to supervise and

1. The commanders of all fleets, squadrons, naval stations, and vessels belonging to the Navy, are required to show in themselves a correct. good example of virtue, honor, patriotism, and subordination; to be vigilant in inspecting the conduct of all persons who are placed under their command; to guard against and suppress all dissolute and immoral practices, and to correct, according to the laws and regulations of the Navy, all persons who are guilty of them; and any such commander who offends against this article shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.

2. The commanders of vessels and naval stations to which chap- Divine service. lains are attached shall cause divine service to be performed on Sunday, whenever the weather and other circumstances allow it to be done; and it is earnestly recommended to all officers, seamen, and others in the naval service diligently to attend at every performance of the worship of Almighty God.

3. Any irreverent or unbecoming behavior during divine service shall be punished as a general or summary court-martial may direct. 4. The punishment of death, or such other punishment as a courtmartial may adjudge, may be inflicted an any person in the naval service

Irreverent behavior.

(1) Who makes, or attempts to make, or unites with any mutiny Mutiny. or mutinous assembly, or, being witness to or present at any mutiny, does not do his utmost to suppress it; or, knowing of any mutinous assembly or of any intended mutiny, does not immediately communicate his knowledge to his superior or commanding officer; (2) Or disobeys the lawful orders of his superior officer;

Disobedience.
Striking supe-

(3) Or strikes or assaults, or attempts or threatens to strike or assault, his superior officer while in the execution of the duties of rior officer. his office;

(4) Or gives any intelligence to, or holds or entertains any inter- Intercourse course with, an enemy or rebel, without leave from the President, with enemy. the Secretary of the Navy, the commander in chief of the fleet, the commander of the squadron, or in case of a vessel acting singly,

from his commanding officer;

Messages from

(5) Or receives any message or letter from an enemy or rebel, or, being aware of the unlawful reception of such message or letter, enemy. fails to take the earliest opportunity to inform his superior or commanding officer thereof;

(6) Or, in time of war, deserts or entices others to desert;

(7) Or, in time of war, deserts or betrays his trust, or entices or aids others to desert or betray their trust;

(8) Or sleeps upon his watch;

(9) Or leaves his station before being regularly relieved:

Desertion.

Betraying

trust.

Sleeping on watch.

Leaving sta

tion.

Willful strand

vessel.

(10) Or intentionally or willfully suffers any vessel of the Navy ing or injury of to be stranded, or run upon rocks or shoals, or improperly hazarded; or maliciously or willfully injures any vessel of the Navy, or any part of her tackle, armament, or equipment, whereby the safety of the vessel is hazarded or the lives of the crew exposed to danger; (11) Or unlawfully sets on fire, or otherwise unlawfully destroys, public property. any public property not at the time in possession of an enemy, pirate, or rebel;

Destruction of

Striking flag, or yielding.

Cowardice in

battle.

Deserting duty in battle.

Neglecting orders for battle.

Neglecting to

(12) Or strikes or attempts to strike the flag to an enemy or rebel, without proper authority or, when engaged in battle, treacherously yields or pusillanimously cries for quarter;

(13) Or, in time of battle, displays cowardice, negligence, or disaffection, or withdraws from or keeps out of danger to which he should expose himself;

(14) Or, in time of battle, deserts his duty or station, or entices others to do so;

(15) Or does not properly observe the orders of his commanding officer, and use his utinost exertions to carry them into execution, when ordered to prepare for or join in, or when actually engaged in, battle, or while in sight of an enemy;

(16) Or, being in command of a fleet, squadron, or vessel acting clear for action. singly, neglects, when an engagement is probable, or when an armed vessel of an enemy or rebel is in sight, to prepare and clear his ship or ships for action;

Neglecting sig

nal for battle.

Failing to en

courage others. Failing to seek encounter.

Failing to afford relief.

Spies.

Murder.

(17) Or does not, upon signal for battle, use his utmost exertions to join in battle;

(18) Or fails to encourage, in his own person, his inferior officers and men to fight courageously;

(19) Or does not do his utmost to overtake and capture or destroy any vessel which it is his duty to encounter;

(20) Or does not afford all practicable relief and assistance to vessels belonging to the United States or their allies when engaged in battle.

5. All persons who, in time of war, or of rebellion against the supreme authority of the United States, come or are found in the capacity of spies, or who bring or deliver any seducing letter or message from an enemy or rebel, or endeavor to corrupt any person in the Navy to betray his trust, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-martial may adjudge.

6. If any person belonging to any public vessel of the United States commits the crime of murder without the territorial jurisdiction thereof, he may be tried by court-martial and punished with death.

Imprisonment 7. A naval court-martial may adjudge the punishment of imprisin penitentiary. onment for life, or for a stated term, at hard labor in any case where it is authorized to adjudge the punishment of death; and such sentences of imprisonment and hard labor may be carried into execution in any prison or penitentiary under the control of the United States, or which the United States may be allowed, by the legislature of any State, to use; and persons so imprisoned in the prison or penitentiary of any State or Territory shall be subject, in all respects, to the same discipline and treatment as convicts sentenced by the courts of the State or Territory in which the same may be situated.

8. Such punishment as a court-martial may adjudge may be inflicted on any person in the Navy

(1) Who is guilty of profane swearing, falsehood, drunkenness, Profanity, gambling, fraud, theft, or any other scandalous conduct tending to falsehood, etc. the destruction of good morals;

(2) Or is guilty of cruelty toward, or oppression or maltreatment of, any person subject to his orders;

(3) Or quarrels with, strikes, or assaults, or uses provoking or reproachful words, gestures, or menaces toward, any person in the Navy;

(4) Or endeavors to foment quarrels between other persons in the

Navy;

Cruelty.

Quarreling.

Fomenting

quarrels.

Duels.

(5) Or sends or accepts a challenge to fight a duel or acts as a second in a duel; (6) Or treats his superior officer with contempt, or is disrespectful Contempt of spto him in language or deportment, while in the execution of his office; perior officer. (7) Or joins in or abets any combination to weaken the lawful authority of, or lessen the respect due to, his commanding officer; (8) Or utters any seditious or mutinous words;

(9) Or is negligent or careless in obeying orders, or culpably inefficient in the performance of duty;

(10) Or does not use his best exertions to prevent the unlawful destruction of public property by others;

Combinations against superior officer.

Mutinous

words.

Neglect of or

ders.

Destruction of property.

Stranding.

(11) Or through inattention or negligence suffers any vessel of the Navy to be stranded, or run upon a rock or shoal, or hazarded; (12) Or, when attached to any vessel appointed as convoy to any Convoy service. merchant or other vessels, fails diligently to perform his duty, or demands or exacts any compensation for his services, or maltreats the officers or crews of such merchant or other vessels;

Receiving

(13) Or takes, receives, or permits to be received, on board the vessel to which he is attached, any goods or merchandise, for freight, freight, etc. sale, or traffic, except gold, silver, or jewels, for freight or safekeeping; or demands or receives any compensation for the receipt or transportation of any other article than gold, silver, or jewels, without authority from the President or Secretary of the Navy;

(14) Or knowingly makes or signs, or aids, abets, directs, or procures the making or signing of, any false muster;

False muster.

Waste of prop

(15) Or wastes any ammunition, provisions, or other public property, or, having power to prevent it, knowingly permits such waste; erty. (16) Or, when on shore, plunders, abuses, or maltreats any inhabitant, or injures his property in any way;

Plundering.

Apprehending

(17) Or refuses, or fails to use, his utmost exertions to detect, apprehend, and bring to punishment all offenders, or to aid all per. offenders. sons appointed for that purpose.

(18) Or, when rated or acting as master-at-arms, refuses to receive Receiving prissuch prisoners as may be committed to his charge, or, having re- oners. ceived them, suffers them to escape, or dismisses them without orders from the proper authority;

(19) Or is absent from his station or duty without leave, or after his leave has expired;

(20) Or violates or refuses obedience to any lawful general order or regulation issued by the Secretary of the Navy;

(21) Or, in time of peace, deserts or attempts to desert, or aids and entices others to desert;

Absence without leave.

Violating orders or regulations.

Desertion.

Harboring de

(22) Or receives or entertains any deserter from any other vessel of the Navy, knowing him to be such, and does not, with all con- serters. venient speed, give notice of such deserter to the commander of the

Officer absent without leave.

vessel to which he belongs, or to the commander in chief, or to the commander of the squadron.

9. Any officer who absents himself from his command without leave, may, by the sentence of a court-martial, be reduced to the rating of an ordinary seaman.

Desertion by 10. Any commissioned officer of the Navy or Marine Corps who, resignation. having tendered his resignation, quits his post or proper duties without leave, and with intent to remain permanently absent therefrom, prior to due notice of the acceptance of such resignation, shall be deemed and punished as a deserter.

Dealing in supplies.

Importing dutiable goods.

Distilled spirits.

Crimes of fraud

11. No person in the naval service shall procure stores or other articles or supplies for and dispose thereof to, the officers or enlisted men on vessels of the Navy, or at navy yards or naval stations, for his own account or benefit.

12. No person connected with the Navy shall, under any pretense, import in a public vessel any article which is liable to the payment of duty.

13. Distilled spirits shall be admitted on board of vessels of war only upon the order and under the control of the medical officers of such vessels, and to be used only for medical purposes.

14. Fine and imprisonment, or such other punishment as a courtagainst United martial may adjudge, shall be inflicted upon any person in the naval service of the United States

States.

Presenting false claims.

Agreement

Who presents or causes to be presented to any person in the civil, military, or naval service thereof, for approval or payment, any claim against the United States or any officer thereof, knowing such claim to be false or fraudulent; or

Who enters into any agreement or conspiracy to defraud the concerning false United States by obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the allowance or payment of any false or fraudulent claim; or

claims.

False papers.

Perjury.

Forgery.

Delivering less property than re

ceipted for.

Giving receipts without knowing their truth.

Who, for the purpose of obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the approval, allowance, or payment of any claim against the United States or against any officer thereof, makes or uses, or procures or advises the making or use of, any writing, or other paper, knowing the same to contain any false or fraudulent statement; or

Who, for the purpose of obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the approval, allowance, or payment of any claim against the United States or any officer thereof, makes, or procures or advises the making of, any oath to any fact or to any writing or other paper, knowing such oath to be false; or

Who, for the purpose of obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the approval, allowance, or payment of any claim against the United States or any officer thereof, forges or counterfeits, or procures or advises the forging or counterfeiting of, any signature upon any writing or other paper, or uses, or procures or advises the use of, any such signature, knowing the same to be forged or counterfeited; or Who, having charge, possession, custody, or control of any money or other property of the United States, furnished or intended for the naval service thereof, knowingly delivers or causes to be delivered, to any person having authority to receive the same, any amount thereof less than that for which he receives a certificate or receipt; or Who, being authorized to make or deliver any paper certifying the receipt of any money or other property of the United States, furnished or intended for the naval service thereof, makes, or delivers to any person, such writing, without having full knowledge of

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