is the pilotage authority, and compulsory pilotage is established by special Acts (y). Between Orfordness and the Nore the jurisdiction of the London Trinity House is exclusive. The Leith Trinity House, notwithstanding the terms of its charter, and of 1 Geo. IV. c. 37, has no authority to grant pilotage licenses for that district (z). The bye-laws of the London Trinity House are set out in Parl. Paper, No. 260 of 1872. The names of the Trinity Outport Districts are: Aberdovey, Beaumaris, Bridgwater (a), Bridport, Caernarvon, Carlisle, Colchester, Dartmouth (b), Exeter (c), Falmouth (d), Fleetwood and Barrow, Fowey, Harwich, Holyhead, Ipswich (e), Isle of Wight, Maldon, Milford, Neath (f), Newhaven, Padstow, Penzance, Plymouth, Poole, Portmadoc, Rochester, Rye, St. Ives (Hayle), Scilly, Shoreham, Southampton, Teignmouth, Wells, Weymouth (g), Woodbridge, and Yarmouth. Their limits are defined in Parliamentary Paper, No. 516 of 1854-5. The production of evidence that the Trinity House was accustomed to license pilots for the district at and previous to the passing of 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104 is sufficient proof that the district is an outport district within s. 370 of the same Act (h). Orders in Council approving bye-laws of the London Trinity House, by which various classes of ships are exempt from compulsory pilotage, and providing for the granting of pilotage certificates to masters and mates, are of the following dates: 18th Feb. 1854; 1st May, 1855; 21st Nov. 1855; two of the 16th July, 1857; 25th July, 1861; 21st Dec. 1871; two of 5th Feb. 1873; and 20th Nov. 1873. In the London District and the Outport Districts, pilotage is expressly made compulsory by 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104, s. 376. In the English Channel District, it is free. There are, however, (y) These Acts are specified in connection with the places to which they belong. (z) Hossack v. Gray, 12 L. T. N. S. 701. (a) See Ord. in Council of 17th May, 1867; 8 & 9 Vict. c. 89 (Local). (b) See Ord. in Council of 12th Aug. 1859. (c) See Ord. in Council of 4th Nov. 1857. (d) See The Juno, 1 P. D. 135. (e) 15 Vict. c. 116 (Local), under which coasters under 50 tons are exempt; and see Hadgraft v. Hewith, L. R. 10 Q. B. 350. (f) 6 & 7 Vict. c. 71 (Local). (g) See Ord. in Council of 6th June, 1859. (h) The Juno, 1 P. D. 135. large classes of ships for which pilotage is free in the compulsory districts. Besides the ships free under the general exemptions mentioned above, the following are exempt in all the London Trinity House Districts :-Foreign ships coming up the Thames by the south channels, on their inward voyage from the Cattegat or White Sea, or any place in or between them; British ships on like voyages, inwards or outwards, and whether using the north or south channels of the Thames; ships trading to or from ports between Boulogne (inclusive) and the Baltic, but, as to foreign ships inward bound, only if entering the Thames by the south channels; ships passing through any pilotage district, except, it seems, when carrying passengers between places situated in the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, or Man; ships sailing from Dover, Deal, or the Isle of Thanet, up or down the Thames or Medway or into or out of any place within the jurisdiction of the Cinque Ports, and owned wholly or in part by master or mate residing in Dover, Deal, or the Isle of Thanet. All these are exempt under 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104, s. 353, which continues 6 Geo. IV. c. 125, ss. 59, 62, and an Order in Council of the 18th of Feb., 1854 (k). The following ships are also exempt when not carrying passengers (1) between places in the United Kingdom or the islands mentioned above: (A) coasters, ships of and under 60 tons, stone ships from the Channel Islands, ships navigating within their home ports; (B) ships in ballast, on a voyage between places in the United Kingdom; (C) ships trading between Great Britain, the Channel Islands, or the Isle of Man, and any place in Europe north of the Baltic, or between Brest (inclusive) and Boulogne; (D) ships passing through the limits of any pilotage district, not being bound to any place in such district, or anchoring therein (m). (k) See Reg. v. Stanton, 8 E. & B. 445; The Earl of Aukland, Lush. 164; The Moselle, 2 Asp. Mar. Law Cas. 586; The Wesley, Lush. 268; The Hanna, L. R. 1 A. & E. 283. The last case establishes the distinction, stated in the text, between British and foreign ships. As to 24 & 25 Vict. c. 47, see infra, p. 131, note (e). As to the last class of ships mentioned in the text, see Williams v. Newton, 14 M. & W. 747; Peake v. Scrutch, 7 Q. B. 603. The Act 16 & 17 Vict. c. 129 does not appear to have repealed 6 Geo. IV. c. 125, s. 62. (1) The Temora, Lush. 17. (m) As to (A), see 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104, s. 379. As to coasters, see The Sea Queen or The Lloyds, Lush. Londonderry: Pilotage is compulsory on all vessels, inwards and outwards, except vessels of and under 60 tons in ballast; 48 Geo. III. c. 136 (Local), s. 23; 17 & 18 Vict. c. 177 (Local), ss. 68, seq.; for bye-laws see Parl. Paper, No. 408 of 1867. Lossiemouth Pilotage is compulsory inwards and outwards for all vessels over 40 tons; 19 & 20 Vict. c. 67 (Local), s. 57; 31 & 32 Vict. c. 47 (Local). Lowestoft, Maldon, Milford, Neath, Newhaven, Padstock, and Penzance: See London Trinity House. Newcastle: See infra, p. 131, as to foreign ships. Peterhead: Pilotage is compulsory under 36 & 37 Vict. c. 157 (Local), ss. 77, seq., for all vessels of 30 tons and upwards, bound in and out, except steam-tugs for the use of vessels frequenting the harbour. Plymouth, and Poole: See London Trinity House. Port Talbot (formerly Aberavon): Pilotage is compulsory under 4 Will. IV. c. 43 (Local), s. 73, on all vessels inwards and outwards (n). Portmadoc, Rye, Scilly, and Shoreham: See London Trinity House. Pulteney Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 40 tons in and out; 20 & 21 Vict. c. 93 (Local), s. 52, 54. See also Wick. Sligo Pilotage is compulsory for inward bound ships of 20 tons and upwards, except vessels reaching Oyster Island without being boarded; 40 Vict. c. 35 (Local). Spalding: See Kingston-upon-Hull. Swansea: Pilotage is compulsory for vessels of 100 tons and upwards bound in or out; 17 & 18 Vict. c. 126 (Local); for bye-laws see Parl. Pap. No. 178 of 1871; and Orders in 197; The Agricola, 2 W. Rob. 10. As to ships within their home port, where the port is London, The Stettin, Br. & Lush. 199, and General Steam Nav. Co. v. British & Colonial Steam Nav. Co., L. R. 3 Ex. 330; ibid. 4 Ex. 238, are in conflict with The Hankow, 40 L. T. N. S. 335. It is submitted that the decisions in the earlier of these cases are correct. See also, as to ships in their home port, The Killarney, Lush. 427. As to the class (B), see Orders in Council of 21st Nov. 1855, and 25th July, 1861. As to (C), Order in Council of 21st Dec. 1871. As to (D), Order in Council of 18th Feb. 1854, and 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104, s. 379. (n) From the Board of Trade returns it does not appear that any pilots are licensed under this Act. K Places at which byelaws are in existence Council of 22nd Feb. 1860, 4th Feb. 1861, and 7th Jan. 1864. Southampton: See London Trinity House. Southwold Pilotage is compulsory, inwards and outwards, for vessels of 40 tons and upwards; 11 Geo. IV. c. 48 (Local); for bye-laws see Parl. Pap. No. 204 of 1874. St. Ives (Hayle), Teignmouth, Thames, and Wells: See London Trinity House. Waterford Pilotage is compulsory in and out; 9 & 10 Vict. c. 292 (Local); 37 & 38 Vict. c. 116, ss. 12, seq., except for vessels drawing less than 6 feet; for bye-laws see Parl. Pap. No. 178 of 1871 (a). Westport Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels, in or out, except within the limits of the out pilot grounds, or when the master is licensed; 16 & 17 Vict. c. 185 (Local), ss. 23, seq. Wexford: Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels, in or out, with cargo or passengers; 37 & 38 Vict. c. 40 (Local), ss. 73, seq.; see also 25 & 26 Vict. c. 122 (Local), and bye-laws approved by Ord. in Council, 26th Oct. 1875. Weymouth: See London Trinity House. Wick: Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 20 tons, entering and leaving the harbour, except frequent traders whose masters or mates have pilotage certificates (b); 25 & 26 Vict. c. 180 (Local), ss. 10, 22, 23, 24; see also 20 & 21 Vict. c. 93. Wicklow Pilotage is compulsory in and out, except for steamships in certain cases; 5 & 6 Vict. c. 111 (Local), ss. 134, seq.; and see 14 & 15 Vict. c. 121 (Local). : Wisbeach See Kingston-upon-Hull; and see 50 Geo. III. c. 206 (Local). Woodbridge, Yarmouth: See London Trinity House. At Aberbrothwick or Arbroath, Irvine, Limerick, Llanelly, Macduff, New Ross, Newry, and Tralee, it is not clear whether compulsory pilotage exists, or not. In some cases bye-laws make pilotage purporting to make it compulsory have been made. The Acts compulsory. purporting to (a) As to Waterford, see The the local Acts; but their language is not clear. by which the pilotage authorities at these places are regulated are as follows: Aberbrothwick, or Arbroath: 2 & 3 Vict. c. 16 (Local); for bye-laws see Parl. Pap. No. 204 of 1874; Irvine: 7 Geo. IV. c. 107 (Local); see Parl. Pap. No. 232 of 1873 for bye-laws; Limerick 4 Geo. IV. c. 94 (Local), and Parl. Pap. No. 266 of 1878; Llanelly: 6 & 7 Vict. c. 88 (Local), 27 & 28 Vict. c. 203 (Local), Parl. Pap. No. 25 of 1868 and No. 88 of 1870; Macduff: 10 & 11 Vict. c. 127 (Local); New Ross: 24 & 25 Vict. c. 140 (Local); Newry: 10 Geo. IV. c. 126 (Local); Tralee: 9 Geo. IV. c. 118 (Local). Pilotage authorities exist at the following places, but at all Places which pilotage of them, except for foreign ships in the Newcastle Trinity House is free. jurisdiction, pilotage is free. The Pilotage Acts are as follows: : : Berwick 48 Geo. III. c. 104 (Local); 25 Vict. c. 31 (Local); Buckie (Cluny): 37 & 38 Vict. c. 185 (Local); Cardiff, including Penarth: 24 & 25 Vict. c. 236 (Local); Carlingford Lough: 27 & 28 Vict. c. 93, Ord. in Council of 16th May, 1878; Cork (c) 1 Geo. IV. c. 52 (Local), and see Parl. Papers, No. 408 of 1867 and No. 232 of 1873; Douglas (Isle of Man): 35 & 36 Vict. c. 23; Dundee: 38 & 39 Vict. c. 150 (Local); Eyemouth: 37 & 38 Vict. c. 185 (Local); Gardenstown : 39 & 40 Vict. c. 40 (Local); Gloucester: 24 & 25 Vict. c. 236 (Local); Hartlepool: 27 & 28 Vict. c. 58; Hastings: 25 & 26 Vict. c. 51; Leith Harbour and Docks: 28 Geo. III. c. 58 (Local); 38 & 39 Vict. c. 160 (Local), Ord. in Council of 30th June, 1860; Leith Trinity House (d): 1 Geo. IV. c. 37; Newcastle-upon-Tyne: the jurisdiction of the Newcastle Trinity House includes Middlesbrough, Blyth, Seaham, Holy Island, Whitby, Warkworth Amble and North Sunderland. Under 41 Geo. III. c. 86 (Local), pilotage is compulsory for foreign ships. It seems that it is now free, differential dues having been abolished by 24 & 25 Vict. c. 47 (e). The Tyne Pilotage Commissioners are (c) See The Eden, 2 W. Rob. 442. (d) The Leith Trinity House was incorporated by charter of 27th July, 1797. As to the limits of its jurisdiction, see Hossack v. Gray, 12 L. T. N. S. 701. (e) It was held in The Hanna, L. R. 1 A. & E. 283, that compulsory pilotage is not a charge on ships; and it seems that 24 & 25 Vict. c. 47 does not abolish differential pilotage dues. That Act |