the region. These aircraft shall be used solely for narcotics control, eradication, and interdiction efforts.353

(2) Amounts appropriated under this subsection are authorized to remain available until expended.

(3) 351 Funds authorized to be appropriated by this section for fiscal year 1986 and for fiscal year 1987 may be used for a contribution to the United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control only if that organization includes in its crop substitution projects a plan for cooperation with the law enforcement forces of the host country.

(b) 351 Funds authorized to be appropriated by this section shall not be made available for the procurement of weapons or ammunition under this chapter.

(c) 354 Notwithstanding section 1415 of the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1953, section 508 of the General Government Matters, Department of Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1962, and section 105 of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, up to the equivalent of $10,000,000 in currencies or credits of the Government of Pakistan held by the United States shall, to such extent as may be provided in an appropriation Act, be available to the President for the fiscal year 1981 (and shall remain available until expended) to carry out the purposes of section 481 through assistance to the Government of Pakistan. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the availability or expenditure of such foreign currencies shall not affect or reduce appropriations otherwise available to carry out the administration of the international narcotics control program.

(d) 355 Assistance may be provided under this chapter to a foreign country only if the country provides assurances to the President, and the President is satisfied, that the country will provide at least 25 percent of the costs of any narcotics control program, project, or activity for which such assistance is to be provided. The costs borne by the country may include "in-kind" contributions.

Sec. 483.356 Prohibition on Use of Foreign Assistance for Reimbursements for Drug Crop Eradications.-Funds made available to carry out this Act may not be used to reimburse persons whose illicit drug crops are eradicated.

Sec. 484.357 Retention of Title to Aircraft.-Any aircraft which, at any time after the enactment of this section, are made available to a foreign country under this chapter, or are made available to a foreign country primarily for narcotics-related purposes under any other provision of law, shall be provided only on a lease or loan basis.

Sec. 485.357 Records of Aircraft Use.-(a) REQUIREMENT To MAINTAIN RECORDS.-The Secretary of State shall maintain detailed records on the use of any aircraft made available to a foreign

353 The text of subsec. (a)(1), beginning with the words "In addition" and ending with this note, was added by sec. 2002(2) of Public Law 99-570 (100 Stat. 3207).

354 Subsec. (c) was added by sec. 402(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-533; 94 Stat. 3149).

355 Subsec. (d) was added by sec. 608 of Public Law 99-83, 99 Stat. 229.

356 Sec. 483 was added by sec. 609 of Public Law 99-83, 99 Stat. 230.

357 Secs. 484 and 485 were added by sec. 2003 of Public Law 99-570; 100 Stat. 3207.

country under this chapter, including aircraft made available before the enactment of this section.

(b) CONGRESSIONAL ACCESS TO RECORDS.-The Secretary of State shall make the records maintained pursuant to subsection (a) available to the Congress upon a request of the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives or the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.

Chapter 9-International Disaster Assistance 358

Sec. 491.359, 360 Policy and General Authority.-(a) The Congress, recognizing that prompt United States assistance to alleviate human suffering caused by natural and manmade disasters is an important expression of the humanitarian concern and tradition of the people of the United States, affirms the willingness of the United States to provide assistance for the relief and rehabilitation of people and countries affected by such disasters.

(b) Subject to the limitations 361 in section 492, and notwithstanding any other provision of this or any other Act, the President is authorized to furnish assistance to any foreign country, international organization, or private voluntary organization,362 on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for international disaster relief and rehabilitation, including assistance relating to disaster preparedness, and to the prediction of, and contingency planning for, natural disasters abroad.

(c) In carrying out the provisions of this section the President shall insure that the assistance provided by the United States shall, to the greatest extent possible, reach those most in need of relief and rehabilitation as a result of natural and manmade disasters.

Sec. 492.363 Authorization.-(a) 364 There are authorized to be appropriated to the President to carry out section 491, $25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and $25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1987.365

358 Sec. 101(1) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849) substituted chapter heading "International Disaster Assistance" in lieu of "Refugee Relief Assistance".

359 Former sec. 491, which was added by sec. 109 of the FA Act of 1971, was repealed by sec. 101(2) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849). It formerly read as follows:

"Sec. 491. Refugee Relief Assistance.-There is authorized to be appropriated to the President for the fiscal year 1972, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, not to exceed $250,000,000, to remain available until expended, for use by the President in providing assistance for the relief and rehabilitation of refugees from East Pakistan and for humanitarian relief in East Pakistan. Such assistance shall be distributed, to the maximum extent practicable, under the auspices of and by international institutions and relief agencies or United States voluntary agencies."

360 22 U.S.C. 2292. Sec. 491 was added by sec. 101(3) of Public Law 94-161 (80 Stat. 849). 361 The words "on appropriations" which previously appeared at this point, were struck out by sec. 404(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-533; 94 Stat. 3150).

362 The words, "international organization, or private voluntary organization," were substituted in lieu of "or international organization" by Sec. 118(a) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 953).

363 22 U.S.C. 2292a. Sec. 492 was added by sec. 101(3) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849). 364 The subsection designation "(a)" and a new subsec. (b) were added by sec. 404(a) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-533; 94 Stat. 3150).

365 The authorization figures for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 were substituted by sec. 404 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985. (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 219). Authorizations under Sec. 492 in recent years included the following: fiscal year 1979$25,000,000; fiscal year 1980-$21,800,000; fiscal year 1981-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1982

Continued

Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.366

(b) 364 In addition to amounts otherwise available to carry out this chapter, up to $50,000,000 in any fiscal year may be obligated against appropriations under this part (other than this chapter) for use in providing assistance in accordance with the authorities and general policies of section 491. Amounts subsequently appropriated under this chapter with respect to a disaster may be used to reimburse any appropriation account against which obligations were incurred under this subsection with respect to that disaster.

Sec. 493.367 Disaster Assistance-Coordination.-The President is authorized to appoint a Special Coordinator for International Disaster Assistance whose responsibility shall be to promote maximum effectiveness and coordination in responses to foreign disasters by United States agencies and between the United States and other donors. Included among the Special Coordinator's responsibilities shall be the formulation and updating of contingency plans for providing disaster relief.

Sec. 494.368 Disaster Relief Assistance.-There is authorized to be appropriated, in addition to other sums available for such purposes, $65,000,000 for use by the President for disaster relief and emergency recovery needs in Pakistan, and Nicaragua, under such terms and conditions as he may determine, such sums to remain available until expended.

Sec. 494A.369 Famine and Disaster Relief to Drought-Stricken African Nations.[Repealed-1978]

* *

Sec. 494B.370 African Development Program.—* * [Redesignated-1977]

Sec. 495.371 Cyprus Relief and Rehabilitation.-The President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the relief and rehabilitation of refugees and other needy people in Cyprus. There is authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this section, in addition to amounts other

$27,000,000; fiscal year 1983-$27,000,000; fiscal year 1984-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1985-no authorization.

Congress did not enact an authorization for fiscal year 1988. Instead, the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1988 (sec. 101(e) of the Continuing Appropriations for 1988, Public Law 100-202) waived the requirement for authorizations and appropriated the following for "International Disaster Assistance":

"For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 491, $25,000,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That not less than $1,000,000 shall be made available only for assistance for children who have become orphans as a result of drought and famine in SubSaharan Africa."

366 A sentence which called for a quarterly report on the programming and obligation of funds under Sec. 492 and had previously appeared at this point, was struck by Sec. 118(b)(2) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 953).

367 22 U.S.C. 2292b, Sec. 493 was added by Sec. 101(3) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849). 368 22 U.S.C. 2292c. Former Sec. 452, which was added by Sec. 2(2) of the Foreign Disaster Assistance Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-333), was redesignated as Sec. 494 by Sec. 101(4) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849).

369 Sec. 494A, which was originally added as sec. 639A by the FA Act of 1973 and subsequently redesignated as sec. 494A by Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849), was repealed by Sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961). 370 Sec. 494B, as originally added as sec. 639B of this Act by the FA Act of 1973 and later redesignated as sec. 494B in 1975, was subsequently redesignated as sec. 120 (Sahel Development Program-Planning) by sec. 115 of Public Law 95-88 (91 Stat. 539).

371 22 U.S.C. 2292f. Sec. 495 was added by sec. 101(8) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849).

wise available for such purposes, $40,000,000.372 Such amount is authorized to remain available until expended. Assistance under this section shall be provided in accordance with the policy and general authority contained in section 491.

Sec. 495A.373 Guatemala Relief and Rehabilitation.-—* * * pealed-1978]

[Re

Sec. 495B.374 Italy Relief and Rehabilitation.-(a) In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose, there is authorized to be appropriated $25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1976 to furnish assistance under this chapter for the relief and rehabilitation of the people who have been victimized by the recent earthquake in Italy. Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.

(b) 375 There are authorized to be appropriated to the President $30,000,000 for the fiscal year 1978 for relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction assistance, in accordance with the provisions of section 491 and on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the people who have been victimized by the recent earthquakes in Italy. Amounts appropriated under this subsection are authorized to remain available until expended.

(c) Obligations incurred prior to the date of enactment of this section against other appropriations or accounts for the purpose of providing relief and rehabilitation assistance to the people of Italy may be charged to the appropriations authorized under this section.

(d) 376 (1) The Congress recognizes that prompt United States assistance is necessary to alleviate the human suffering arising from the earthquakes in southern Italy in late 1980. Accordingly, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President, in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose, $50,000,000 for the fiscal year 1981 for relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction assist

372 Sec. 402 of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329; 90 Stat. 757) substituted "$40,000,000" in lieu of "$30,000,000".

FA Appropriations Act, 1976: "Cyprus relief and rehabilitation: For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 495, $25,000,000."

For "Cyprus relief and rehabilitation" for the period July 1, 1976, through Sept. 30, 1976, $5,000,000.

373 Sec. 495A, as added by Public Law 94-276 (90 Stat. 397), as repealed by sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961). 374 22 U.S.C. 2292h. Sec. 495B was added by sec. 415 of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329; 90 Stat. 761).

375 Sec. 120 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88; 91 Stat. 541) redesignated subsec. (b) as subsec. (c) and added this new subsec. (b). FA Appropriations Act, 1978:

"Italy relief and rehabilitation assistance: For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 495B, $25,000,000."

376 Subsec. (d) was added by Public Law 96-525 (94 Stat. 3043).

The full $50,000,000 authorized in this subsection for Italian earthquake disaster assistance was appropriated by Public Law 96-536, the continuing resolution providing foreign aid funds for fiscal year 1981. This $50,000,000 was designated as an earmarking out of the total of $73,000,000 appropriated in fiscal year 1981 for international disaster assistance. The FA Appropriations, 1982, also provided that of the $27,000,000 made available under sec. 491, "not less than $10,000,000 shall be used for earthquake relief and reconstruction in southern Italy." The FA Appropriations Act, 1984 (sec. 101(b)(1) of the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 1984) further provided that out of the $25,000,000 made available under sec. 491, "$10,000,000 shall be used only for earthquake relief and reconstruction in southern Italy, which amount may be derived either from amounts appropriated to carry out the provisions of section 491 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or from up to $10,000,000 of amounts heretofore appropriated pursuant to chapter 4 of part II of such Act for Syria which are, if deobligated, hereby continued available for the purposes of section 491 or for other programs for Italy consistent with sections 103 through 106 of such Act."

ance for the victims of those earthquakes. Such assistance shall be provided in accordance with the policies and general authorities of section 491 and on such terms and conditions as the President may determine.

(2) Amounts appropriated under this subsection are authorized to remain available until expended.

(3) Obligations incurred against other appropriations or accounts for the purpose of providing relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction assistance for the victims of the late 1980 earthquakes in southern Italy may be charged to appropriations, enacted after those obligations were incurred, for assistance for that purpose under this chapter.

Sec. 495C.377 Lebanon Relief and Rehabilitation.-(a) The Congress, recognizing that prompt United States assistance is necessary to alleviate the human suffering arising from the civil strife in Lebanon and to restore the confidence of the people of Lebanon, authorizes the President to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the relief and rehabilitation of refugees and other needy people in Lebanon.

(b) There is authorized to be appropriated to the President for the purposes of this section, in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, $20,000,000, which amount is authorized to remain available until expended. 378

(c) Assistance under this section shall be provided in accordance with the policies and general authority contained in section 491.

(d) Obligations incurred prior to the date of enactment of this section against other appropriations or accounts for the purpose of providing relief and rehabilitation assistance to the people of Lebanon may be charged to the appropriations authorized under this section.

(e) 379 *** [Repealed-1978]

Sec. 495D.380 Romanian Relief and Rehabilitation.-(a) The Congress, recognizing that prompt United States assistance is necessary to alleviate the human suffering arising from recent earthquakes in Romania, authorizes the President to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the relief and rehabilitation of refugees and other earthquake victims in Romania.

(b) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to the President for the fiscal year 1977, notwithstanding any other provisions of this Act, in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, not to exceed $20,000,000, which amount is authorized to remain available until expended. 381

377 22 U.S.C. 2292i. Sec. 495C was added by sec. 416 of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329; 90 Stat. 762).

378 FA Appropriations Act, 1977: "For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 495C, $20,000,000.”

379 Subsec. (e), which called for a quarterly report on programing and obligation of funds under sec. 495C and had previously appeared at this point, was repealed by sec. 502(d)(1) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 959). 380 22 U.S.C. 2292j. Sec. 495D was added by Public Law 95-21 (91 Stat. 48).

381 FA Appropriations Act, 1978:

"SEC. 601. For expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of section 495D of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, $13,000,000 for the fiscal year 1977 for Romanian relief and rehabilitation assistance, to remain available until expended."