formation used for the purposes of furnishing military assistance, but does not include military educational and training activities under chapter 5 of part II.

(g) 796 "Excess defense articles" means the quantity of defense articles owned by the United States Government, and not procured in anticipation of military assistance or sales requirements, or pursuant to a military assistance or sales order, which is in excess of the Approved Force Acquisition Objective and Approved Force Retention Stock of all Department of Defense Components at the time such articles are dropped from inventory by the supplying agency for delivery to countries or international organizations under this Act.

(h) "Function" includes any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, discretion, or activity. (i) 797*

[Repealed-1973]

(j) "Officer or employee" means civilian personnel and members of the Armed Forces of the United States Government.

(k) "Services" include any service, repair, training of personnel, or technical or other assistance or information used for the purposes of furnishing nonmilitary assistance.

(1) "Surplus agricultural commodity" means any agricultural commodity or product thereof, class, kind, type, or other specification thereof, produced in the United States either publicly or privately owned, which is in excess of domestic requirements, adequate carryover, and anticipated exports for United States dollars, as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture.

(m) 798 "Value" means

(1) with respect to an excess defense article, the actual value of the article plus the gross cost incurred by the United States Government in repairing, rehabilitating, or modifying the article, except that for purposes of section 632(d) such actual value shall not be taken into account;

796 Sec. 22(1) of the FA Act of 1973 amended subsec. (g), which formerly read as follows: "(g) 'Excess defense articles' means the quantity of defense articles owned by the United States Government, and not procured in anticipation of military assistance or sales requirements, or pursuant to a military assistance or sales order, which is in excess of the mobilization reserve at the time such articles are dropped from inventory by the supplying agency for delivery to countries or international organizations under this Act."

797 Subsec. (i), which related to mobilization reserve, was repealed by sec. 22(2) of the FA Act of 1973.

798 Sec. 22(3) of the FA Act of 1973 amended subsec. (m), which formerly read as follows: "(m) 'Value' means, other than in section 657 of this Act

"(1) with respect to excess defense articles, the gross cost incurred by the United States Government in repairing, rehabilitating, or modifying such articles;

"(2) with respect to nonexcess defense articles delivered from inventory to countries or international organizations under this Act, the standard price in effect at the time such articles are dropped from inventory by the supplying agency. Such standard price shall be the same price (including authorized reduced prices) used for transfers or sales of such articles in or between the Armed Forces of the United States Government, or, where such articles are not transferred or sold in or between the Armed Forces of the United States, the gross cost to the United States Government adjusted as appropriate for condition and market value; and

"(3) with respect to nonexcess defense articles delivered from new procurement to countries or international organizations under this Act, the contract or production costs of such articles. "Military assistance programs and orders shall be based upon the best estimates of stock status and prevailing prices: reimbursements to the supplying agency shall be made on the basis of the stock status and prices determined pursuant to this section. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, the Secretary of Defense may prescribe regulations authorizing reimbursements to the supplying agency based on negotiated prices for aircraft, vessels, plant equipment and such other major items as he may specify: Provided, That such articles are not excess at the time such prices are negotiated: Provided further, That such prices are negotiated at the time firm orders are placed with the supplying agency.”

(2) with respect to a nonexcess defense article delivered from inventory to foreign countries or international organizations under this Act, the acquisition cost to the United States Government, adjusted as appropriate for condition and market value;

(3) with respect to a nonexcess defense article delivered from new procurement to foreign countries or international organizations under this Act, the contract or production costs of such article;

(4) with respect to a defense service, the cost to the United States Government of such service; and

(5) 7 799 with respect to military education and training or services provided under chapter 8 of part II of this Act, the additional costs that are incurred by the United States Government in furnishing such assistance.

(n) 800 "Military education and training" includes formal or informal instruction of foreign students in the United States or overseas by officers or employees of the United States, contract technicians, contractors (including instruction at civilian institutions), or by correspondence courses, technical, educational, or information publications and media of all kinds, training aids, orientation, and military advice to foreign military units and forces.

(0) 801 "Agriculture" includes aquaculture and fisheries.

(p) 801 "Farmers" includes fishermen and other persons employed in cultivating and harvesting food resources from salt and fresh waters.

Sec. 645.802 Unexpended Balances.-Unexpended balances of funds made available pursuant to this Act, the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended, or the Latin American Development Act, as amended 803 are hereby authorized to be continued available for the general purposes for which appropriated, and may at any time be consolidated, and, in addition, may be consolidated with appropriations made available for the same general purposes under the authority of this Act.

Sec. 646.804 Construction.-If any provision of this Act, or the application of any provision to any circumstances or persons shall be held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this Act, and of the applicability of such provision to other circumstances or persons shall not be affected thereby.

799 Par. (5) was added by sec. 115(b)(1) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-533; 94 Stat. 3140). The reference to chapter 8 of part II was added by the International Security and Development Assistance Authorizations Act of 1983 (sec. 101(b)(2) of the Further Continuing Appropriations, 1984; Public Law 98-151; 97 Stat. 972). Pursuant to Public Law 98-151, this amendment was enacted as contained in title II of H.R. 2992, as reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on May 17, 1983.

800 Subsec. (n) was added by sec. 106(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329; 90 Stat. 733).

801 Subsecs. (0) and (p) were added by sec. 103(b) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 945).

802 22 U.S.C. 2404. Sec. 304 of the FA Act of 1963 amended sec. 645, which formerly read as follows: "Unexpended balances of funds made available pursuant to this Act or the Mutual Se curity Act of 1954, as amended, are hereby authorized to be continued available for the general purposes for which appropriated, and may at any time be consolidated, and, in addition, may be consolidated with appropriations made available for the same general purposes under the authority of this Act.'

803 Sec. 303(c) of the FA Act of 1965 substituted "the Latin American Development Act, as amended" for "Public Law 86735".

804 22 U.S.C. 2406.

Sec. 647.805 Dependable Fuel Supply.-It is of paramount importance that long-range economic plans take cognizance of the need for a dependable supply of fuels, which is necessary to orderly and stable development and growth, and that dependence not be placed upon sources which are inherently hostile to free countries and the ultimate well-being of economically underdeveloped countries and which might exploit such dependence for ultimate political domination. The agencies of government in the United States are directed to work with other countries in developing plans for basing development programs on the use of the large and stable supply of relatively low cost fuels available in the free world.

Sec. 648.806 Special Authorization for Use of Foreign Currencies. Subject to the provisions of section 1415 of the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1953,807 the President is authorized, as a demonstration of good will on the part of the people of the United States for the Polish and Italian people, to use foreign currencies accruing to the United States Government under this or any other Act, for assistance on such terms and conditions as he may specify, in the repair, rehabilitation, improvement, and maintenance of cemeteries in Italy serving as the burial place of members of the armed forces of Poland who died in combat in Italy during World War II.

Sec. 649.808 Limitation on Aggregate Authorization for Use in Fiscal Year 1966.- [Repealed-1978]

Sec. 650.809 Use of United States Armed Forces.-The furnishing of economic, military, or other assistance under this Act shall not be construed as creating a new commitment or as affecting any existing commitment to use Armed Forces of the United States for the defense of any foreign country.

Sec. 651.810 Sale of Supersonic Planes to Israel.- *** [Repealed-1978]

Sec. 652.811 Limitation Upon Exercise of Special Authorities.The President shall not exercise any special authority granted to him under section 506(a), 552(c)(2),812 or 610(a) 813 of this Act unless the President, prior to the date he intends to exercise any such authority, notifies the Speaker of the House of Representa

805 22 U.S.C. 2405.

806 22 U.S.C. 2407. Sec. 648 was added by sec. 303, of the FA Act of 1964.

807 31 U.S.C. 1306.

808 Sec. 649, which had been added by the FA Act of 1965, was repealed by sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961). 809 22 U.S.C. 2409. Sec. 650 was added by sec. 302(b) of the FA Act of 1967.

810 Sec. 651, as added by the FA Act of 1968, was repealed by sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961).

811 22 U.S.C. 2411. Sec. 304(a)(1) of the FA Act of 1971 amended sec. 652, which had been added by sec. 8 of the Special Foreign Assistance Act of 1971. Sec. 652 formerly read as follows: "Sec. 652. Limitation Upon Additional Assistance to Cambodia.-The President shall not exercise any special authority granted to him under sections 506(a) and 614(a) of this Act for the purpose of providing additional assistance to Cambodia, unless the President, at least thirty days prior to the date he intends to exercise any such authority on behalf of Cambodia (or ten days prior to such date if the President certifies in writing that an emergency exists requiring immediate assistance to Cambodia), notifies the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate in writing of each such intended exercise, the section of this Act under which such authority is to be exercised, and the justification for, and the extent of, the exercise of such authority."

812 The reference to sec. 552(c)(2) was added by sec. 105(b)(2) of Public Law 99-83, 99 Stat. 196. 813 A reference to sec. 614(a), which previously appeared at this point, was struck out by sec. 117(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96533; 94 Stat. 3141).

tives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate in writing of each such intended exercise, the section of this Act under which such authority is to be exercised, and the justification for, and the extent of, the exercise of such authority.

Sec. 653.814 Change in Allocation of Foreign Assistance.-(a) Not later than thirty days after the enactment of any law appropriating funds to carry out any provision of this Act (other than section 451 or 637) or the Arms Export Control Act,815 the President shall notify the Congress of each foreign country and international organization to which the United States Government intends to provide any portion of the funds under such law and of the amount of funds under that law, by category of assistance, that the United States Government intends to provide to each.816

(b) 817 The provisions of this section shall not apply in the case of any law making continuing appropriations and may not be waived under the provisions of section 614(a) of this Act.

Sec. 654.818 Presidential Findings and Determinations.-(a) In any case in which the President is required to make a report to the Congress, or to any committee or officer of either House of Congress, concerning any finding or determination under any provision of this Act, the Foreign Military Sales Act, or the Foreign Assistance and Related Programs Appropriation Act for each fiscal year, that finding or determination shall be reduced to writing and signed by the President.

814 22 U.S.C. 2413. Sec. 653 was added by sec. 304(b) of the FA Act of 1971. Sec. 1209(b)(3) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 279) redesignated former subsec. (c) as subsec. (b) and struck out the former subsec. (b) which read as follows:

"(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no military grant assistance, assistance under chapter 4 of part II of this Act, assistance under chapter 1 of part I of this Act, or assistance under chapter 6 of part II of this Act, may be furnished to any country or international organization in any fiscal year, if such assistance exceeds by 10 percent or more the amount of such military grant assistance, under chapter 4 of part II of this Act, assistance under chapter 1 of part I of this Act, or assistance under chapter 6 of part II of this Act, as the case may be, set forth in the report required by subsection (a) of this section, unless

"(1) the President reports to the Congress, at least ten days prior to the date on which such excess funds are provided, the country or organization to be provided the excess funds, the amount and category of the excess funds, and the justification for providing the excess funds; and

"(2) in the case of military grant assistance or assistance under chapter 4 of part II of this Act or assistance under chapter 6 of part II, the President includes in the report under paragraph (1) his determination that it is in the security interest of the United States to provide the excess funds.

This subsection shall not apply if the excess funds provided in any fiscal year to any country or international organization for any category of assistance are less than $1,000,000."

815 This reference to the Arms Export Control Act was added by sec. 1209(b)(1) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 279).

816 Sec. 21(1) of the FA Act of 1974 struck the balance of subsection (a) at this point. The stricken part read as follows: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law the United States Government shall not provide to any foreign country or international organization any funds under that law which exceeds by 10 per centum the amount of military grant assistance or security supporting assistance, as the case may be, which the President notified the Congress that the United States Government intended to provide that country or organization under that law, unless the President (1) determines that it is in the security interests of the United States that such country or organization receive funds in excess of the amount included in such notification for that country or organization, and (2) reports to Congress at least ten days prior to the date on which such excess funds are to be provided to that country or organization, each such determination, including the name of the country or organization to receive funds in excess of such per centum, the amount of funds in excess of that per centum which are to be provided, and the justification for providing the additional assistance."

817 Sec. 1209(b)(3) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 279) redesignated this former subsec. (c) as subsec. (b).

818 22 U.S.C. 2414. Sec. 654 was added by sec. 304(b) of the FA Act of 1971.

(b) No action shall be taken pursuant to any such finding or determination prior to the date on which that finding or determination has been reduced to writing and signed by the President.

(c) Each such finding or determination shall be published in the Federal Register as soon as practicable after it has been reduced to writing and signed by the President. In any case in which the President concludes that such publication would be harmful to the national security of the United States, only a statement that a determination or finding has been made by the President, including the name and section of the Act under which it was made, shall be published.

(d) No committee or officer of either House of Congress shall be denied any requested information relating to any finding or determination which the President is required to report to the Congress, or to any committee or officer of either House of Congress, under any provision of this Act, the Foreign Military Sales Act, or the Foreign Assistance and Related Programs Appropriation Act for each fiscal year, even though such report has not yet been transmitted to the appropriate committee or officer of either House of Congress.

Sec. 655.819 Limitations Upon Assistance to or for Cambodia.[Repealed-1978]

Sec. 656.820 Limitations on United States Personnel and Personnel Assisted by United States in Cambodia. [Repealed

1978]

* * *

Sec. 657.821 Annual Report on Military Assistance and Military Exports.-*

[Repealed-1981]

Sec. 658.822 Limitations on Use of Funds.-*** [Repealed1978]

Sec. 659.823 Access to Certain Military Bases Abroad.—* [Repealed-1981]

Sec. 660.824 Prohibiting Police Training.-(a) On and after July 1, 1975, none of the funds made available to carry out this Act, and

819 Sec. 655, as added by the FA Act of 1971, was repealed by sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961).

820 Sec. 656, as added by Public Law 92-226 (86 Stat. 20), was repealed by sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961).

821 Sec. 657, as originally added by the FA Act of 1971, was repealed by sec. 502(d)(1) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 959). Subsequently, sec. 14 of the International Security Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-384; 92 Stat. 739) added a new sec. 657. Sec. 657 was again repealed by sec. 734(a)(1) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1560). Some of the information previously required annually under sec. 657 on military assistance and military exports is now required by sec. 634(a)(10) of this Act and sec. 25(a) of the Arms Export Control Act (pages 213 and 265, respectively).

822 Sec. 658, as added by the FA Act of 1971, was repealed by sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961).

823 Sec. 659, as added by sec. 20(a) of the FA Act of 1974, was repealed by sec. 734(a)(1) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1560). It formerly read as follows:

"Sec. 659. Access to Certain Military Bases Abroad.-None of the funds authorized to be appropriated for foreign assistance (including foreign military sales, credit sales, and guaranties) under this Act may be used to provide any kind of assistance to any foreign country in which a military base is located if

"(1) such base was constructed or is being maintained or operated with funds furnished by the United States;

"(2) personnel of the United States carry out military operations from such base; and

“(3) unless and until the President has determined that the government of such country has, consistent with security, authorized access, on a regular basis, to bona fide news media correspondents of the United States to such military base."

824 22 U.S.C. 2420. Sec. 660 was added by sec. 30(a) of the FA Act of 1974.