Y 4.F76/1: An 8/6 OVERSIGHT OF THE ADMINISTRATION'S IMPLEMEN- SUBCOMMITTEES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION TUESDAY, JUNE 16, 1987 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs STANFORD UNIVES For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office DOCUMENTS COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida, Chairman LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana HOWARD WOLPE, Michigan GEO. W. CROCKETT, JR., Michigan PETER H. KOSTMAYER, Pennsylvania EDWARD F. FEIGHAN, Ohio TED WEISS, New York GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York MORRIS K. UDALL, Arizona JAMES MCCLURE CLARKE, North Carolina JAIME B. FUSTER, Puerto Rico JAMES H. BILBRAY, Nevada WAYNE OWENS, Utah FOFO I.F. SUNIA, American Samoa WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Michigan BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO, California JIM LEACH, Iowa TOBY ROTH, Wisconsin OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine GERALD B.H. SOLOMON, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana JAN MEYERS, Kansas JOHN MILLER, Washington DONALD E. "BUZ” LUKENS, Ohio CONTENTS Hon. Chester A. Crocker, Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, Department Hon. Alan Keyes, Assistant Secretary of International Organizations Affairs, Page MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD "U.S. Sanctions on South Africa: The Results Are In," a Heritage Foundation 6 APPENDIXES 3. House Joint Resolution 756 (to make corrections in Anti-Apartheid Act of 198 12. Deputy United States Trade Representative, Executive Office of the Presi- dent, responses to questions submitted by the Subcommittee on Africa OVERSIGHT OF THE ADMINISTRATION'S IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPREHENSIVE ANTIAPARTHEID ACT OF 1986 (PUBLIC LAW 99-440) AND AN ASSESSMENT OF RECENT SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS TUESDAY, JUNE 16, 1987 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AF- The subcommittees met at 1:00 p.m., in room 2172, Rayburn Eleven years ago today, 20,000 young black South Africans marched through the streets of Soweto, igniting a firestorm of urban black resistance and government repression. Over the next 16 months, at least 700 people died, the majority shot by South African police, while thousands more were injured, flogged and tortured. In response, the United States and other western nations mostly temporized, offering sympathetic rhetoric backed by little action, save a mandatory United Nations arms embargo. Today, the political reality which South Africa faces on both domestic and international fronts has changed fundamentally. Since the early 1980s, black South Africans have built a powerful national movement to end apartheid, prompting the government to pursue a dual strategy of nominal so-called reform and heightened state repression, aimed at preserving the core structures of white domination. Still, most informed observers including even the influential Afrikaner Broederbond or brotherhood cultural organization and Foreign Minister Pik Botha, admit the virtual inevitability of a black majority government and a black president within the foreseeable future. In the external sphere, most western nations have responded to these new circumstances by applying economic sanctions. These are meant both to register moral outrage and to signal to the government that it will have no choice but to suffer significant new costs, in addition to the internal strains it already feels, if it continues to turn away from genuine negotiations with the nation's majority population. (1) |