gan and McLennan, 65; place of, in
evolution, according to Morgan, 69, 70.
(See Agnation, Patriarchal theory, Pa-
tria potestas.)

Patriarchal theory: works on, i, 3-7; dis-
cussed, 7-32; of Maine, 9-13; criticised
by Spencer, 14, 15; by McLennan, 15-17;
rejected for Aryans by Leist, 23 and n.
3; does not hold for Aryans, 18-28.
Patria potestas, i, 11 and n. 2; alleged
relation of Roman, to agnation, 12, 30-
32; Spencer's criticism of Maine's the-
ory, 15; McLennan's, 15-17; among Pe-
ruvians and Mexicans, 19 n. 1; only
elements of, among early Aryans, 27, 28;
not among Hellenes, Celts, Slavonians,
and Germans, 28-30; whether among
early Germans, 259 n. 4, 260 n. 1.
Paulus: on consensus, i, 292 n. 4; on di-
vorce, ii, 29.

Paulus Aemilius: puts away his wife, ii,

17 n. 4.

Paul, St.: on divorce, ii, 21, 22, 23.

Pawnees: free divorce among, i, 228 n. 2.
Peabody, F. G.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1, 227;
quoted, 229.

Peel, Sir Robert: his civil-marriage bill,
i, 469 and n. 2, 470.

Penitentials: evidence of, as to divorce,
ii, 44-46.

Penn, William: on Quaker marriages, ii,
316, 317.

Pennant: on Fleet marriages, i, 439, 440.
Pennsylvania, the colony: marriage law
and custom in, ii, 315; Quaker views of
marriage, 315-18; legislation, 318-20;
functions of council, 321; forbidden de-
grees, 322; courtship, 323, 324; wedding
customs, 324-27; legislative divorce,
385-87.

the state: marriage celebration in, ii,
456, 457; witnesses, 466; age of parental
consent to marriage, 173; forbidden de-
grees, 473-75; void and voidable mar-
riages, 475-78; encourages marriage,
481; license system, 485, 486; self-gifta,
486; return, 489 and n. 3, 491; marriage
certificate, 492; state registration, 495;
legislative divorce, iii, 99, 100; judicial
divorce, 107-11; remarriage, 146; resi-
dence, 155; notice, 158 n. 3; common-
law marriage, 177; age of consent to
carnal knowledge, 202; divorce rate,
217.

Persia: marriage with a sister allowed
in, i, 125.

Peschel, Oscar: on headship of woman
in the family, i, 45; horror of incest,
122.

Peters, Samuel: on tarrying, ii, 183, 184.
Peulhs of Futa-Jallon: remarriage of
divorced couple among, i, 247 n. 2.
Phallicism, i, 38, 51 n. 1, 54, note.
Phelps, E. S.: on evils of present mar-
riage system, iii, 254.

Philip of Hesse: his double marriage, i,
390; ii, 75 n. 1.

Phillips, Samuel: prepares a special
ritual for slave marriages, ii, 225, 226.
Pickering, Jane: abduction of, i, 422, 423.
Piedrahita: quoted, i, 128.

Pipiles: forbidden degrees among, i, 126.
Piraungaru marriage custom, i, 72 n. 6.
Pirauru marriage, i, 72 n. 6.

Plato: on the family as the social unit,
i, 10 nn. 2, 3.

Ploss, H.: cited, i, 111, 139; on racial
ideas of beauty, 207 n. 5.

Plyer or tout for Fleet marriages, i, 442.
Plymouth: origin of civil marriage in,
ii, 128-30; first marriage law of, 132, 133;
commissioners to join persons in mar-
riage, 133 and n. 2; treatment of single
persons, 153, 154; regulates courtship
and proposals, 162, 163; scarlet letter,
171, 172; pre-contract, 179, 180, 181; cases
of fornication before marriage, 186;
breach of promise suits, 201; divorce,
349-51; self-marriage, iii, 173.
Pœnitentiale Theodori, ii, 44 and n. 3, 45,
46.

Pollock, Sir F.: on the case of Beamish
v. Beamish, i, 319, 320.

and Maitland, F. W.: on early Ger-
man bride-sale, i, 260 n. 1; betrothal,
275, 276; rise of ecclesiastical marriage,
312 n. 1; Lanfranc's canon, 314 n. 5;
marriage as a remedy, i, 325, 326; spon-
salia, 343; canon law favors marriages,
334; copula carnalis, 336; forbidden
degrees, 353; de facto marriage, 354,
355; valid marriage, 355 and n. 1, 356;
inheritance, 356 and n. 5; age of con-
sent to marriage, 358 and n. 4; dower
as affected by divorce, ii, 93 and n. 3;
voidable marriages, 94.

Polyandry: as evidence of promiscuity,
i, 48, 103; place of, in forms of the fam-
ily, 57, 58, 60, 65; McLennan on, 77 n. 2,
80-84, 133, 156; problem of the origin of,
132-41; the custom of, is comparatively
rare, 133, 134; confined to small part of
population, 135; views of Spencer,
Hellwald, Smith, and Wake, 135, 136; of
Marshall, 136 n. 2; Westermarck's the-
ory, 136-41.

Polygyny: place of, in the forms of mar
riage and the family, i, 57, 58, 60, 63;
relation to wife-stealing, 87; favors fe-
male system of kinship, 112; problem
of the origin and spread of, 141-49; fa-
vored by the patriarchal system, 141;
not found among many barbarous peo-
ples, 141, 142; how restricted, 142-45;
rise of, 145-48; not favorable to women,
148, 149.

Polynesians: have Malayan system of
consanguinity, i, 68; punishment for
adultery among, 106; divorce, 230 n. 1.
Pomeranians: wife-purchase among, i,
199 n. 8.

Popular education recognized as the
proper function of local government in
early New England, ii, 126 and n. 1.

Porneia, ii, 20 n. 1.

Porter's case, ii, 85 and n. 2.

Porto Rico: marriage celebration in, ii,
418; marriage a civil institution, 428;
age of consent and of parental consent,
428, 429, 431; forbidden degrees, 433;
license system, 447, 448; certificate to
married pair, 450; return, 449; divorce,
iii, 76; remarriage, 84; residence, 88;
only statutory marriage valid, 181; age
of consent to carnal knowledge, 203:
notice of marriage, 191; ten days'
notice before license, 192 n. 2.
Posada, Adolpho: his Théories modernes,
i, 7, 38; his use of symbiose, 101 n. 2.
Post, A. H.: on hasty generalizations, i,
9 n. 4; his works, 33; exogamy, 121 n. 3;
alleges universality of wife-stealing,
157; and of wife-purchase, 179; original
free betrothal, 202; assent to marriage,
208, 209; divorce, 224, 225 and n. 2;
among Karo-Karo, 229, and the Galela
and Tobelorese, 233 and n. 2; effects of
divorce, 244 n. 2; remarriage of widow
or divorced woman, 246 n. 4; marriage
ring among the Slavs, 278 n. 3.
Potter, H. C.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1.
Poulton, E. B.: on sexual selection, i, 205
n. 4.

Powell, Aaron: quoted, iii, 195-97.

Powell, J. W.: on the Wyandottes, i, 143
n. 1.

Powers, Stephen: on pairing season
among California Indians, i, 99 and n.
3; jealousy among California Indians,
104; the Karok, 192.

Pray, Richard and Mary: separation of,
ii, 363, 364 n. 1.

Pre-contracts: abolished by Hardwicke
Act, i, 459; and in South Carolina col-
ony, ii, 261. (See Betrothal.)
Presbyterians: restricted right to cele-
brate wedlock in North Carolina col-
ony, ii, 254-59.

Pretium: bride-price among the West
Goths, i, 265 n. 1.

Privilegium Paulinum, ii, 24; historical
importance of, 54, 55; at the Reforma-
tion, 62.

Probechen or Probenächte. (See Proof-
marriages.)

Problems of marriage and the family, iii,
161-259.

Process in divorce and matrimonial
suits: origin of, after the Reformation,
ii, 68-71.

Promiscuity: works on, i, 38; Bachofen's
theory, 40, 41; examples of, not found,
47 and n. 1; alleged survivals, 48-52; no
absolute, 58; Morgan's theory of, 66-68,
70; McLennan's theory, 77, 78; the
problem of, three arguments against,
90-110.

Proof-marriages, i, 49 and n. 2, 235 n. 1.
Proposals of marriage: regulated in
early New England, ii, 162–66.

ANDOVER

Quakers: their marriages declared valid,
ii, 293 n. 3; character of their marriage
celebration, 315-18; form of celebra-
tion, 319, 322 n. 1; enjoy their own mar-
riage customs in Rhode Island colony,
ii, 134; North Carolina colony, 248, 250,
251, 254; Maryland colony, 245; perse-
cuted in New Netherland and in New
York province, 291-93; get relief under
the Dongan law, 295; their position in
New Jersey, 308-11.

Quasi-desertion, ii, 63 and n. 2.
Queen v. Millis, i, 316-18; iii, 178.
Queen's proctor: his intervention in di-
vorce suits, ii, 113 and n. 5, 114.
Queesting, ii, 182 and n. 2, 271, 272.

Radcliffe, Mary Anne: on intrusion of
men-traders, iii, 248.

Raksasa: marriage form of, i, 160.
Rape or capture: symbol of, 119, 163–80.
and fraudulent marriage: punish-
ment for, under the Tudors, i, 421 n. 5;
under Cromwell, 423.

Rawas: divorce among, i, 242 n. 4.

Reade, W.: on free marriage in Africa, i,
214.

Real contract of sale, i, 258, 259 n. 2, 260
n. 1.

Rede Boke of Darbye, i, 298.

Reformatio legum ecclesiasticarum: ori-
gin of, ii, 77 and n. 4; provisions, 78, 79;
high authority of. 79, 80; principles of,
adopted in New England, ii, 330.
Regino of Prüm, ii, 49 n. 3, 51 nn. 1, 2.
Registers, parish: origin of, in England,
i, 358-63; during the Commonwealth,
424-31; of the Fleet, 445.

marriage, in the American colonies,
ii, 143; Plymouth, 144; Massachusetts,
145, 146; Rhode Island, 148-51; Vir-
ginia, 232, 233; North Carolina, 249, 251,

252; South Carolina, 260; New York,
288, 296 and n. 3, 297; Pennsylvania, 323.
in the states. (See Certificate and
record.)

Remancipatio, ii, 15 n. 1.

Remarriage after divorce: views of early
Fathers, ii, 26-28; allowed to innocent
party by Reformers, 65; but they differ
as to the adulterer, 66, 67; clergy of
English church not compelled to solem-
nize, 112 and n. 2.

in New England states, iii, 18-22;
southern and southwestern states, 79-
84; middle and western states, 145-52;
restrictions on, as affecting the divorce
rate, 218, 219.

Rennes : marriage ritual of, i, 288, 301 n. 2.
Reno, Nev.: clandestine divorces in, iii,
150, 205.

Residence, to entitle to divorce petition:

in New England, iii, 22-25; southern and
southwestern states, 84-88; middle and
western states, 152-57.

Return of marriage celebration: in New
England, ii, 405, 406; southern and
southwestern states, 449, 450; middle
and western states, 489-92; defects in
the system, iii, 192, 193.

Rhode Island, the colony: civil marriage
in, ii, 134; ecclesiastical, 138; treat-
ment of single persons, 153; did not
punish adultery with death or scarlet
letter, 172, 173; clandestine marriages,
211, 212; divorce statutes, 360, 361; leg-
islative divorce, cases of, discussed,
361-66; question of common-law mar-
riage, iii, 174.

the state: celebration of marriage
in, ii, 391, 392, 394, 395; witnesses, 394;
unauthorized celebration, 395; age of
parental consent to marriage, 396; for-
mer law against miscegenation, 398;
void or voidable marriages, 398; sur-
vival of optional system of banns or
posting, 403 n. 1; certificate and record,
404; return, 405; collection and record
of statistics, 407; jurisdiction, kinds,
and causes of divorce, iii, 14, 15; remar-
riage, 22; residence, 23; notice, 27 n. 3;
alimony, care and custody of children,
30 n. 1; courts of, silent as to common-
law marriage, 181; age of consent to
carnal knowledge, 197; divorce rate,
209, 212 n. 1.

Richberg, J. C.: quoted, iii, 73; cited,
195.

Richard, Archbishop: his canon on clan-
destiné marriage, ì, 313, 314.

Richter, A. L. v.: on views of Reformers

as to divorce, ii, 62 n. 2, 64 and n. 2, 65,
notes, 68 n. 2; influence of Roman law
on Protestant theologians, 62 n. 2;
church ordinances, 67.

Ring: the betrothal and marriage, i, 278
n. 3, 279 n. 1; 280, 294 and n. 3, 306.

the marriage: Cartwright on, i, 410;
Whitgift's reply, 411, 412 and n. 2; re-

jected by the Puritans under Crom-
well, 419 and n. 1.

Rings: exchange of, i, 375 n. 3; Swin-
burne on, 384, 385; archæology of, 385
n. 2.

Rita stage among Aryans, i, 24, 25.
Rituals, marriage: the two parts, i, 283,
284 and n. 1; authorities on, 287, 288;
none adopted by early Christians, 294,
295; on second marriage, 297 n. 1; the
English, published by Surtees Society,
298; others, 300-308; by the later, mar-
riage is to be celebrated by and not
before the priest, 310 n. 1.

Rive, F.: on betrothal, i, 274 n. 2.
Rodgers, John: on the marriage law of
New York province, ii, 307; iii, 173.
Roeder, J. on Old English wife-pur-
chase, i, 263 n. 4; the betrothal cere-
monial, 272 n. 2; freedom of English
widow, 277 n. 5.

Rogers, Elizabeth: her divorce for free-
thinking, ii, 356, 357.

Romans: works on their matrimonial
institutions, i, 5, 6; their patriarchal
family, 10-13, 29-32, 69; wife-lend-
ing among, 49; whether wife-capture
among, 160; wife-purchase, 199 and n.
5; symbolical rape, 171, 172; their mar-
riage forms accepted by the church, i,
291 n. 2; had no fixed ceremony, 294;
divorce among, 232, ii, 3, 4, 14-19; di-
vorce a private transaction, 47.
Roos's case, ii, 103.

Rosenthal, E.: on adultery among early
Teutons, ii, 36 n. 1; the penitentials,

44 n. 3.

Ross, E. A.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1.

Rossbach, A.: on symbol of rape, i, 175
n. 3; coemptio, 199 n. 5.

Rouen: its marriage ritual, i, 310 and
n. 1.

Ruga, Sp. Carvilius: his divorce, ii, 15
n. 4.

Russians: wife-purchase among, i, 199
n. 8.

Russell, Lord John: proposes a civil-
marriage law, i, 469.

Ryder, Attorney-General: on the Hard-
wicke Act, i, 449, 450, 451, 452.

Sack-posset: at weddings, ii, 141 and n. 5.
Sacra: the Roman, i, 13; Aryan, 27.
Sacrament of marriage, i, 310, 324-26 and
n. 2; 332, 333; abandoned by Prot-
estants, 386; development of Luther's
views on, 386-88.

Sacramental theory of marriage: re-
jected at the Reformation, i, 386-88; ii,
60, 68; in England, i, 393, 394.
Sacramentaria, i, 296 n. 2, 297, 298 n. 1,

302.

St. Joseph, Mich.: a "Gretna Green,"
iii, 192 n. 4, 253 n. 2.

Samoa: wife-capture in, i, 159; status of
divorced woman, 245.
Sandwich Islands: marriage with a sis
ter sanctioned in, i, 125; status of
woman in, 238 n. 3. (See Hawaii.)
Sarae, the African: divorced woman
must wait two months before remar-
riage, i, 245 n. 5.

Sarasin, Paul and Fritz: on the Ved-
dahs, i, 141 n. 2.

Sarum: marriage ritual of, i, 284, 297 n.
1, 301 and n. 2, 304, 306 n. 2, 307, notes,
311 n. 4.

Satirists, the Roman: on divorce, ii, 18
n. 1.

Saunders, W. L.: quoted, ii, 256, 258, 259.
Savoy: clandestine marriages at, i, 459
n. 3.

Sayce, A. H.: on the Babylonian family,
i, 221 n. 3.

Sayer, Joseph: his Vindication cited, i,
459 n. 1.

Scandinavians: wife-capture among, i,

159.

"Scarlet Letter": for adultery, ii, 171-

76; for incest, 177, 178, 214 n. 2; long
survival of, in Connecticut, Massa-
chusetts, and New Hampshire, 398.
Schaffle, G. T.: cited, i, 98 n. 3.
Schaets, Anneke: case of, ii, 381, 382.
Scheurl, Adolf v.: on Sohm's theory of
betrothal, i, 275 n. 2; works of, 290; con-
sensus, 292 n. 3; canon-law betrothal,
293 n. 1; rise of ecclesiastical marriage,
810 n. 1; sponsalia, 340 n. 1; magisterial
intervention as mark of Reformation,
ii, 90 n. 1.

Schmid, Reinhold: on foster-laen, i, 270
n. 1; date of betrothal ritual, 270 n. 1.
Schmidt, Karl: on jus primae noctis, i, 51
n. 2.

Schneider, Wilhelm: cited, i, 36.

Schneidewin, J.: on divorce, ii, 62.
Schopenhauer, A.: on woman's mental
capacity, iii, 240 n. 1.

Schrader, O.: on the maternal family,
i, 20.

Schreiner, Olive: on sex-parasitism, iii,
247 n. 1.

Schroeder, Richard: on Muntschatz, i,
259 n. 3; bride-purchase, 260 n. 1; Taci-
tus's account of betrothal, 262 n. 2;
denies traces of wife-purchase in north-
ern law, 265 n. 3; on violation of mund,
265 n. 4; arrha, 266 n. 2; foster-laen,
270 n. 1; the Old English betrothal
ritual, 271 n. 2.

Schubert, H. v.: on Sohm's theory of
betrothal, i, 275 n. 2; cited, 290; con-
sensus, 292 n. 3; canon-law betrothal,
293 n. 1.

Scudmore: on secret marriage, i, 350.
Schulenburg, Emil: on wife-capture
among the Germans, i, 258 n. 1.

Schulte, J. F. v.: on canon-law betrothal,
i, 293 n. 1.

Schurman, J. G.: cited, i, 38, 88 n. 4.
Scotland: present marriage law of, i, 473
n. 2.

Second marriage: among low races, i,
246 and nn. 4, 5; among early Germans,
273 n. 1,277, notes; benediction omitted
by the ancient church, 297 n. 1; the
early Fathers on, ii, 24-26; councils on,
39, 40; synods of Verberie and Com-
piègne on, 42-44; the penitentials on,
44-46.

Secondary wives, i, 143, 144, notes.

Seger v. Slingerland: concerning bun-
dling, ii, 272.

Sehling, E.: on wife-capture among Ger-

mans, i, 258 n. 1; wife-purchase, 260 n. 1;
betrothal, 275 n. 2; consensus, 292 n. 3;
canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1.

Selden, J.: on the benediction, i, 293 n. 3,
294, 297 n. 1; dower at church door,
300 n. 1.

Self-betrothal, i, 201-23; and self-gifta,
276-86; still exists in Eastern church.
(See Self-gifta.)

Self-beweddung. (See Self-betrothal, Self-
gifta.)

Self-gifta: in New England colonies, ii,
209-12; in Pennsylvania, ii, 486. (See
Self-betrothal.)

Semites: marriage institutions of, i, 17;
patriarchal family, 69, 70; wife-cap-
ture, 161, 162; wife-purchase, 195-97.
(See Hebrews.)

Seneca: denounces free divorce, ii, 18.
Separate alimony without divorce: in
Virginia, Florida, Georgia, and Okla-
homa, iii, 92; Indiana, 118; Iowa, 127;
Ohio, 114, 115; Montana, 138; Utah,
133; Wisconsin, 124; Wyoming, 131; the
southern colonies, ii, 368-74.

Separation from bed and board: whether
according to scriptural teaching, ii, 21,
22; origin of the distinction, 52, 53 n.
1; rejected at Reformation, 61; by Eng-
lish Reformers, 73; not recognized by
the Reformatio legum, 78; judicial sep-
aration equivalent to, under present
English law, 114, 115.

in the American colonies: not
favored by the New England Puritans,
ii, 330; not granted in early Massa-
chusetts, 331, 339 and n. 3; but in that
colony granted in the eighteenth cen-
tury, 345; rejected in Connecticut, 353;
and practically in Rhode Island, 363;
granted in New Netherland, 377, 378.

in the states: Alabama, iii, 64;
Arkansas, 71, 72; Delaware, 113; Dis-
trict of Columbia, 79; Georgia, 62;
Hawaii, 144; Indiana, 118; Indian Ter-
ritory, 71, 72; Kentucky, 55; Louisiana,
70; Maryland, 56; Michigan, 122; Min-
nesota, 125; Nebraska, 129; New Jersey,
107; New York, 105; North Carolina,
58; Pennsylvania, 110; Rhode Island,

15; Tennessee, 61; Vermont, 16; Vir-
ginia, 51; West Virginia, 52, 53; Wis-
consin, 123, 124.

Separation order: the English, ii, 117.
Seranglao and Gorong: divorce in, i, 241
n. 6.

Seri: marriage by service among, i, 187
and n. 3; meaning of their probational
marriage, 218 n. 4.

Servia: wife-capture in, i, 159, 160; bride-
price, 190 n. 1.

Seven months' rule: in New England
churches, ii, 196 and n. 2, 197, 198 n. 2.
Sewall, Samuel: importance of his writ-
ings for the history of social customs,
ii, 133 n. 1; on marriages celebrated by
Vanderbosk, 137; by justices and min-
isters, 138 n. 4; "bedded" at second
marriage, 140; wedding celebrations,
142, 143; would keep house with Widow
Denison, 157 n. 2; provides his daugh-
ters with wooers, 167-69; with dowries,
203, 204; his marriages and thrifty
courtships, 204-9; on marriage of first
cousins, 213 n. 2; law against incestu-
ous unions, 213 n. 7; Hana Owen's mar-
riage, 215; miscegenation, 218; slave
baptism, 222, 223; slave marriages, his
Selling of Joseph, 223, 224.

Sewell, William: quoted, ii, 293 n. 3; on
Quaker marriages, 317.

Sexes: differentiation of, i, 93, 94; nu-
merical disparity of, 136, 137; causes
which determine, 138 and n. 1; influ-
ence of disparity of, on rise of polyan-
dry, 138-41.

Sex-parasitism, iii, 247 n. 1.

Sexual selection: woman's function in,
i, 202; secondary sexual characters in,
203-6; and the economic dependence of
woman, iii, 249 n. 1.

Shame: origin of, i, 206 n. 2.
Shammai: school of, ii, 13 n. 2.
Shans: divorce among, i, 239.
Sharon v. Sharon, ii, 467 and n. 1; iii, 158
n. 1.

Shastikas: bride-price among, i, 190, 191.
Shekiani: easy divorce among, i, 226.
Shirley, J. M.: on pre-contract, ii, 180;
bundling, 185 n. 2.

Sia: alleged communism of, i, 108 n. 2.
Siamese: four classes of wives among, i,
144 n. 5.

Siegel, H.: on wife-capture among Ger-
mans, i, 258 n. 1; wife-purchase, 260 n.1;
exchange of rings, 281 n. 1.
Simcox, Edith: on family life of Baby-
lonians and Egyptians, i, 221 n. 1.
Similarity: biological law of, i, 130, 131.
Single persons: laws regarding, ii, 152-
58.

Sioux: position of woman among, i, 45;
plurality of wives, 143 n. 1, 144; sym-
bolical capture, 165, 168; custom of
avoidance, 187 n. 2; divorce, 239.

Sioux Falls, S. D.: alleged divorce colony
of, iii, 205 and n. 3.

Sippe, or clan-group, i, 259.
Siricius: on the benediction, i, 296 n. 1.
Slave marriages: among early Germans,
i, 257, 276 n. 1; in New England, ii, 216-26.
Slaves: status of, in New England col-
onies, ii, 215, 216; the problem of bap-
tizing, 220-23; marriages of, 216-26.
Slavs: works on matrimonial institutions
of, i, 5; house communities among, 30
n. 1, 129; conspicuous for wife-capture,
i, 160; symbol of rape, 174; wife-pur-
chase, 199 and n. 8.

Smith, Henry: his Preparation to Mar-
riage, ii, 73.

Smith, Mary Roberts: cited, iii, 167, 244
n. 2.

Smith, Robertson: on Arabian marriage
customs, i, 17 and n. 3; polyandry, 135;
wife-capture among Arabs, 161; Arabi
an divorce, 246 n. 1.

Smith v. Woodworth, iii, 146.
Smock marriages, i, 441 n. 3; in New Eng-
land, ii, 141.

Snyder, W. L.: on uniform divorce law,
iii, 222 n. 3

Socialists: views as to monogamic fam-
ily, iii, 229; theory of Engels, 229, 230;
of Carpenter, 230; of Morris and Bax,
230, 231; of Gronlund, 231, 232; of Rob-
ert Owen, 232-34; of Robert Dale Owen,
234; of Bebel, 234, 235; results of social-
ist thought, 235.

Sohm, Rudolph: on real-contract, i, 259
n. 1; Witthum as price of mund, 260 n.
1; fixed-price of mund, 265 n. 4; arrha,
266 n. 2; evolution of beweddung, 266-72,
276-86; foster-laen, 270 n. 1; the old
English betrothal ritual, 271 n. 2; time
of gifta, 272 n. 1; derivation of Gemahl,
273 n. 1; his theory of betrothal, 273-
76; self-betrothal and self-gifta, 276-86;
chosen guardian and Fürsprecher, 281,
282; his works mentioned 288-90; con-
sensus, 292 n. 3; origin of canon-law
betrothal, 293 n. 1; benediction at nup-
tials, 296 n. 1; validity of unblessed
marriages, 297; function of priest in
the old English ritual, 302; the rise of
ecclesiastical marriage, 309, 310 and n.
1; the decree of the Council of Trent,
316 n. 1; sponsalia, 337, note, 340 n. 1;
rise of spiritual jurisdiction, ii, 50 n. 1.
Soissons, Synod of: on divorce, ii, 41, 42.
Solemnization of marriage: in the New
England states, ii, 389-95; southern and
southwestern states, 409-27; middle and
western states, 452-70; defects of the
present dual system, iii, 186-90; reforms
needed, 193, 194.

Somali: divorce among, i, 241.
Sonderfamilie: of Grosse, i, 61.
Sophia: on woman's equality with man,
iii, 237.

Soulimana: divorce in, i, 226 n. 3.