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UNITED STATES-CHINA RELATIONS: THE PROCESS

OF NORMALIZATION OF RELATIONS

94-172

HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

NINETY-FOURTH CONGRESS

NOVEMBER 18, DECEMBER 8, 17, 1975, AND FEBRUARY 2, 1976

Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations

68-793

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1976

JUL 1976

COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

THOMAS E. MORGAN, Pennsylvania, Chairman

CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Wisconsin
WAYNE L. HAYS, Ohio

L. H. FOUNTAIN, North Carolina
DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida
CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR., Michigan
ROBERT N. C. NIX, Pennsylvania
DONALD M. FRASER, Minnesota
BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, New York
LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana
LESTER L. WOLFF, New York
JONATHAN B. BINGHAM, New York
GUS YATRON, Pennsylvania
ROY A. TAYLOR, North Carolina
MICHAEL HARRINGTON, Massachusetts
LEO J. RYAN, California

CHARLES WILSON, Texas

DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR., Michigan

CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois

STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, New York

HELEN S. MEYNER, New Jersey

DON BONKER, Washington

WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Michigan
EDWARD J. DERWINSKI, Illinois
PAUL FINDLEY, Illinois
JOHN H. BUCHANAN, JR., Alabama
J. HERBERT BURKE, Florida
PIERRE S. DU PONT, Delaware
CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR., Ohio

EDWARD G. BIESTER, JR., Pennsylvania
LARRY WINN, JR., Kansas

BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York
TENNYSON GUYER, Ohio

ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO, California

MARIAN A. CZARNECKI, Chief of Staff

SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS
LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana, Chairman

L. H. FOUNTAIN, North Carolina

GUS YATRON, Pennsylvania
MICHAEL HARRINGTON, Massachusetts
DON BONKER, Washington

PIERRE S. DU PONT, Delaware LARRY WINN, JR., Kansas

MICHAEL H. VAN DUSEN, Subcommittee Staff Consultant ALISON L. BRENNER, Minority Subcommittee Staff Consultant MELINDA MURPHY, Staff Assistant

PHILIP YOCUM, Research Assistant

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Page

Murray, Dr. Douglas P., director, United States-China relations pro-
gram, Stanford University, vice chairman of the board, National
Committee on United States-China Relations_

328

53

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Monday, February 2, 1976:

Barnett, A. Doak, senior fellow the Brookings Institution.
Whiting, Dr. Allen S., professor of political science and associate,
Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan_-_-

131

138

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COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

THOMAS E. MORGAN, Pennsylvania, Chairman

CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Wisconsin
WAYNE L. HAYS, Ohio

L. H. FOUNTAIN, North Carolina
DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida
CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR., Michigan
ROBERT N. C. NIX, Pennsylvania
DONALD M. FRASER, Minnesota
BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, New York
LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana
LESTER L. WOLFF, New York
JONATHAN B. BINGHAM, New York
GUS YATRON, Pennsylvania
ROY A. TAYLOR, North Carolina
MICHAEL HARRINGTON, Massachusetts
LEO J. RYAN, California

CHARLES WILSON, Texas

DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR., Michigan

CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois

STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, New York

HELEN S. MEYNER, New Jersey

DON BONKER, Washington

WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Michigan
EDWARD J. DERWINSKI, Illinois
PAUL FINDLEY, Illinois
JOHN H. BUCHANAN, JR., Alabama
J. HERBERT BURKE, Florida
PIERRE S. DU PONT, Delaware
CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR., Ohio

EDWARD G. BIESTER, JR., Pennsylvania
LARRY WINN, JR., Kansas

BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York
TENNYSON GUYER, Ohio

ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO, California

MARIAN A. CZARNECKI, Chief of Staff

SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS
LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana, Chairman

L. H. FOUNTAIN, North Carolina

GUS YATRON, Pennsylvania
MICHAEL HARRINGTON, Massachusetts
DON BONKER, Washington

PIERRE S. DU PONT, Delaware LARRY WINN, JR., Kansas

MICHAEL H. VAN DUSEN, Subcommittee Staff Consultant ALISON L. BRENNER, Minority Subcommittee Staff Consultant MELINDA MURPHY, Staff Assistant PHILIP YOCUM, Research Assistant

(II)

Preface..

CONTE

Map of People's Republic of China..........

Tuesday, November 18, 1975:

WITN

Eckstein, Dr. Alexander, profess
Michigan__.

Harding, Dr. Harry, Jr., assista.
Science, Stanford Universit...
Monday, December 8, 1975:

Keatley, Anne, staff director. Cet. -
With the People's Republic
Murray, Dr. Douglas P., direct
gram, Stanford Universit
Committee on United Stat
Phillips, Hon. Christopher L

United States-China Trad...
Searls, Melvin W., Jr., vie T
States-China Trade..
Slichter, Dr. Charles, profe
member, Committee on
Republic of China..
Wednesday, December 17, 197
Habib, Hon. Philip C., ASSIKLII
Pacific Affairs..
Monday, February 2, 1976:
Barnett, A. Doak, sener
Whiting, Dr. Allen &. S
Center for Chinese St

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....ghai Communique in 1972 folvisit to the People's Republic slowly improved. Scientific contacts, and bilateral trade liaison offices, quasi-embassies,

an-Chinese relations have been s for any developments in the as the United States moves to

igations held this series of hear"ebruary 1976 in order to review to assess the prospects for nor

ars.

ificant time, both for United al developments in China. Presibroke no new ground, and Chou

for our inquiry. Since our last and dramatic changes within the uty Teng Hsiao-p'ing has come y several groups and has fallen are clearly debating the character Tse-tung period.

o this inquiry, we asked several postscript on the evolving leadercted second Nixon visit to China. **3 on page 185.

ngs should be mentioned: interest to try to work toward a a in the next few years. .......tion of relations with China will of our relationship with the Re

it is not clear what that deescalaors feel that one viable option for opt the Japanese solution, which ...ic ties with Taiwan but the conCommercial and economic ties.

n as a core problem preventing a not be underestimated. United iorate rapidly if the Taiwan issue an issue remains the key to normalto other outstanding problems,

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