Principles of Geology: Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface, by Reference to Causes Now in Operation, 2권J. Murray, 1832 |
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alluvium America ancient animal and vegetable animals and plants appear aquatic become birds bones breccia buried calcareous causes century cetacea circumstances climate coast common considerable continually coral coral reefs deposits depth diffused distance distinct drifted du Mus earth earthquakes elevation Europe example existence feet floods forests formation fresh-water geological geologist globe gradually habits herbivorous human hundred hyæna hybrid Iceland imbedded individuals infer inhabitants insects instincts islands isles lakes Lamarck land latitudes limestone living marine mass migrations miles molluscs Morayshire moss mountains naturalists nature observed ocean organic original peat peculiar period physical geography plants and animals preserved produced quadrupeds quantity races racters reefs regions remains remarkable river rocks sand Scotland seeds shells shores soil sometimes species strata subaqueous suppose surface terrestrial terrestrial animals terrestrial plants testacea thousand tion tract Trans trees tribes tropical variety volcanic wild winds zoophytes
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135 페이지 - In bigness to surpass earth's giant sons, Now less than smallest dwarfs in narrow room Throng numberless...
228 페이지 - Earth, sand, gravel, stones, and other transported matter which has been washed away and thrown down by rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas.
212 페이지 - Thus, in Mar forest, in Aberdeenshire, large trunks of Scotch fir, which had fallen from age and decay, were soon immured in peat, formed partly out of their perishing leaves and branches, and in part from the growth of other plants. We...
134 페이지 - ... life, in the creation of which nature has been so prodigal. A scanty number of minute individuals, only to be detected by careful research, and often not detectable at all, are ready, in a few days or weeks, to give birth to myriads, which may repress or remove the nuisances referred to. But no sooner has the commission been executed, than the gigantic power becomes dormant...
56 페이지 - If, therefore, the relative fecundity or hardiness of hybrids be in the least degree inferior, they cannot maintain their footing for many generations, even if they were ever produced beyond one generation in a wild state. In the universal struggle for existence, the right of the strongest eventually prevails; and the strength and durability of a race depends mainly on its prolificness, in which hybrids are acknowledged to be deficient.
121 페이지 - Were the whole of mankind now cut off, with the exception of one family, inhabiting the old or new continent, or Australia, or even some coral islet of the Pacific, we...
24 페이지 - We must suppose that when the author of nature creates an animal or a plant, all the possible circumstances in which its descendants are destined to live are foreseen, and that an organization is conferred upon it which will enable the species to perpetuate itself, and survive under all the varying circumstances to which it must be inevitably exposed.
213 페이지 - Continent, the largest trees are found in those peat-mosses which lie in the least elevated regions, and that the trees are proportionally smaller in those which lie at higher levels ; from which fact De Luc and Walker have both inferred, that the trees grew on the spot, for they would naturally attain a greater size in lower and warmer levels. The leaves also, and fruits of each species, are continually found immersed in the moss along with the parent trees ; as, for example, the leaves and acorns...
63 페이지 - If you examine the brain of the mammalia, says M. Serres, at an early stage of uterine life, you perceive the cerebral hemispheres consolidated, as in fish, in two vesicles, isolated one from the other ; at a later period, you see them affect the configuration of the cerebral hemispheres of reptiles ; still later again, they present you with the forms of those of birds ; finally, they acquire, at the era of birth, and sometimes later, the permanent forms which the adult mammalia present.