This is a delightful work, with no fewer than

The Second Edition, enlarged, with an Index of 96 Engravings, coloured after nature; and, both by composed of the most rare and salutary vegetable

the style of its scientific descriptions and its general
arrangement, well calculated to convey ideas at once

THE WRITER'S and STUDENT'S AS- correct and popular of the habits and economy of the fact, it subdues all ailment to which the teeth and

beautiful tribes of which it treats."-Literary Gaz.
"The Engravings alone would be astonishingly
cheap at the price of the volumes."-Sunday Times.

And the 77th No. of the Miscellany.

A POPULAR GUIDE to the OBSERVATION of

NATURE: showing the great extent of Knowledge
attainable by the unaided exercise of the Senses. By
Robert Mudie, Author of
ralist," &c.

portunity of consulting occasional concise Notes, in-
terspersed throughout the whole, pointing out, in a
familiar way, the distinction between such of the
Words as are frequently, in error, used synony-
mously.
"We are furnished with matter for the philo-
"It is calculated at once to accelerate literary com-sopher, the poet, the historian, the antiquary-all
position, and to assist in establishing a correct and who contemplate heaven and earth; and this is fur-
elegant style, both in speaking and writing."
nished in a little book which all may usefully take
in the pocket over the whole earth or the whole sea:
and thus enable themselves to think, if they have
never thought before, and if they have, to think
much better."-Gentleman's Magazine.

Being intended for all ages as well as ranks, CONSTABLE'S MISCELLANY is printed in a style and form which combine at once the means of giving much matter in a small space, with the requisites of great clearness and facility.

Every volume contains a Vignette Title-page; and numerous other illustrations, such as Maps, Portraits, &c. are occasionally given,

WHAT I am now going to communicate will do more good in one tual by relating to me the cause of the sudden and premature death of Francis,

stand for three or four hours, to lay the lash on well upon Denman and his | Toulon, in 1809, I had the misfortune, through extreme fatigue, to bring on a masters, I having at that time one of my periodical coughs. In order to get Rupture. Since that period I have tried every description of Truss which rid of this fear, which harassed me continually, I resolved to go to Bolt Court, came to my knowledge, but I never succeeded in supporting the hernia effecand never to quit it again till I had found out some one to furnish me with a tually until 1831, when I purchased two of your patent Trusses; and it is but Truss which should be efficient for its purpose even in these seasons of cough-justice to own that no descent has occurred since I have worn them, and I freely ing; as I was going I amused myself in reading Mr. Carpenter's Political Let- give you liberty to publish this testimonial in favour of your excellent inven ter: in this paper I read the advertisement of Mr. Coles, Truss-maker, of Char- tion. I am, Sir, yours obediently, ing-cross; and as I had tried seven or eight before, I at once sent for Mr. J. P. BAKER, Coles; and the result has been that my complaint is as completely removed as Oct. 17, 1832. Commander, R. N. if I had never known anything of the kind: and could I have forgotten the 28, Duke-street, Manchester-square. precept of the venerable Daddy Burdett, and more especially the fate of the Sir-Seven years ago I applied to you to stop a Rupture, which I have Duke of Bedford, I should have thrown away the Truss months ago. Oh! laboured under upwards of fifty years, which was as large as a man's head, how rejoiced was I when I felt that I should be able to stand at my ease for the which you accomplished with apparent ease, when no person that I had previ hours that I destined for the belabouring of the Whigs. I could not (if I had ously consulted was able to stop it at a single day. I am now eighty-six, and had a cough) without the aid of Mr. Coles, have given them the four hours and am entirely free from any external appearance of the complaint. My object in a half which were worth more to them (if they turn them to good account) than writing this testimonial, is, not merely to express my gratitude for the service all the rest of their lives. I should have mentioned this matter before, but my you have rendered me, but to guard my fellow-sufferers against the use of imApril cough was nearly gone before Mr. Coles had done the Truss, and I was perfect Trusses. not visited with another till late in September; and I wanted a fair trial before I am, Sir, your obedient servant, I spoke of this matter. I have now had the trial, and it would be a very shameful neglect of my duty towards my neighbour, for me not to tell the public that I find the remedy perfect, and that I can now scarcely perceive, whether with or without a cough, the smallest signs of my ever having had such a complaint. But am I not here, in doing bare justice to Mr. Coles, doing him an injury, by driving from his shop the tax and tithe-eaters, who will have a prejudice,' that is, a villany, against him for the good he has done to me? No, hang it; they like their worthless lives too well for that. However, my sensible readers, pay you (if you should need it) attention to what I have said; and let the tithe and tax-eaters creep along through life, with all the twitchings and achings of this harassing complaint, and under all the pains and penalties inflicted on them by the awkward, heavy, cumbrous, and still inefficient things, which bungling mechanics put round their bodies. One thing bear in mind; and that is, that this is a matter with which surgeons and physicians have nothing to do, any more than they have with the providing us with suitable shoes or coats.

As Mr. Chevalier told me, the complaint is truly mechanical, and the application of the remedy must depend on the mechanic solely, just as much as the fitting of a coat must depend on the tailor. Here, however, more cleverness is required: the mechanic must be able to judge well as to the degree of force required; and he must have great ability in causing the pressure to bear in a proper manner. The moment I heard Mr. Coles speak upon the subject, I was sure he was the man: his observations shewed a knowledge of his business; and the result has most amply verified my opinion. I never saw Mr. Coles before, and I have never seen him since, except to call and thank him. What I have said here of him is but justice, which I do with very great pleasure, while, as to the rest, I am only discharging a duty to the public in general, and to my readers in particular. I add this piece of advice to people in LONDON, not to write for a Truss any sooner than for a coat or a pair of breeches; not to plague a surgeon to order one; but to go to the mechanic in person, and let him fit the force and form to the necessity of the case.

WILLIAM COBBETT.

TO MR. COLES. Sir-I have been wearing Trusses of different kinds for the last thirty years, but never found one of them to keep up the Rupture effectually, until, thirteen months since, I purchased one of your patent; and although my Rupture came down in a most frightful manner then, it has never come down since, nor have 1 scarcely the appearance of ever having had such a complaint. At my age, 77 years, I do not intend to leave off wearing a Truss, and I know too well the importance of your ingenious contrivance to keep the world in ignorance of it. 28th May, 1832. JAMES SHARE, Commander R.N. 19, Bury-street, Bloomsbury. Colonel Francklin informs those who have Ruptures, that he has been wearing Trusses thirty years, and he never met with but one individual who was master of the complaint. He has likewise an elder brother, a Colonel in the Honourable East India Company's service, who has worn a similar kind of Truss for many years, who can say the same. Mr. Coles, of Charing-cross, is the individual alluded to.

Blackeath, July 16, 1832.

Sir-Having the misfortune to Rupture myself several years ago, I purchased
one of Salmon's self-adjusting Trusses, which, although it afforded me consi-
derable relief, did not entirely keep the Rupture in its place; particularly when
I had to stand for any length of time, I felt a disagreeable gnawing pain, at-
tended with a bearing down of the hernia, so that I was frequently unable to
wear the Truss. In mentioning to a friend what I suffered, he strongly advised
me to try one of your patent, which I did, and found to my great comfort that
it kept up the Rupture effectually, without producing any of those painful
sensations which I had endured while wearing the ball and socket truss, and I
can now stand or walk for hours together without the least pain or inconveni-
ence, in fact, as well as though I never had been ruptured. I send you this
statement to make what use of it you please.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,

WILLIAM MATTHEWS,
Woolwich, Sept. 12, 1832.
Quarter-Master, Royal Artillery.
A gentleman at Lloyd's Coffee-house has also sent Mr. Coles a similar tes-
timonial of his case, which had been of thirty years standing.
TO MR. COLES.

Sir-While serving t

21, October, 1832.

GEORGE CARPENTER, 24, Regent-street. A surgeon of the R. N., about sixty years of age, who had been wearing Trusses of several different kinds, employed one of Coles's manufacture, and ere he had half worn it out, threw it aside and left his Trusses in London, while he made a tour on the Continent. Being at sea and exposed to severe wea ther, a sea-sickness brought on the complaint, and he was compelled a second time to wear his Truss, and after wearing it about twelve months, has again been perfectly cured, and does not wear a Truss.

Sir Astley Cooper knows a case which had been getting worse for thirty years, and which has escaped a hundred times in a day, and does not escape now from Coles's Truss.

DR. ADAM CLARKE'S COMMENTARY ON THE OLD AND
NEW TESTAMENTS.

In the Press, and on Saturday, the 1st of June, will be published, in Octavo
and Quarto, embracing all the multitudinous emendations and corrections of
the Author, Part I., in Octavo, price 2s., or in Quarto, price 3s., of

A NEW AND GREATLY IMPROVED EDITION OF

DR. ADAM CLARKE'S COMMENTARY on the HOLY SCRIPTURES of the OLD and NEW TESTAMENTS. The Text taken from the most correct copies of the present authorised version; with all the Marginal Readings-an ample Collection of Parallel Texts-and copious Summaries to each Chapter. The Date of every Transaction, through the whole of the Old and New Testaments, as far as it has been ascertained by the best Chronologers, marked in the A.M. or years from the Creation, collated throughout with the years of the Julian Period; and in the A.C., and A.D., or years before and after Christ.

WITH A COMMENTARY AND CRITICAL NOTES.

In this Work the whole of the Text has been collated with the Hebrew and Greek Originals, and all the Ancient Versions-the most Difficult Words analysed and explained-The most important Readings in the Hebrew Collections of Kennicott and De Rossi, and in the Greek Collections of Mill, Wetstein, and Griesbach noticed-The Peculiar Customs of the Jews and neighbouring nations, so frequently alluded to by the Prophets, Evangelists, and Apostles, explained from the best Asiatic authorities-The Great Doctrines of the Law and Gospel of God defined, illustrated, and defended; and the whole applied to the important purposes of Practical Christianity and Vital Godliness.

CONDITIONS OF PUBLICATION.

1. The Work will be published every Fortnight, and fully completed in Fifty-two Parts, making Five Large Volumes.

2. In order to meet the wishes of all classes, Two Editions will be published, viz. an Edition in 8vo. at 2s. per Part, and a very limited Edition in 4to, at 3s. per Part.

3. Both Editions will be printed on superfine paper, made on purpose by Mr. Dickinson, and will be embellished with a Portrait and Maps.

4. The Work is in such a state of progress, that no delay or interruption is expected to take place in the course of its publication.

Part I., containing part of St. Matthew's Gospel, will be published on the 1st of June, and continued until the whole of the Commentary on the Old and New Testaments is completed.

ADDRESS.

Though the present Publisher was in treaty for the Copyright of this invaluable Work, and had the purchase all but ratified, through the medium of Mr. Everett, the Author's intimate friend, yet it was not till sometime after the lamented dissolution of the Author, that the proposals and negotiations were finally closed by the executors; and, being in the possession of that which would otherwise have been his, provided the life of the venerable Doctor had been protracted a little longer, he rejoices, now that his own sun begins to decline, he has the opportunity afforded him of bringing up in the rear of a number of useful publications, which he has presented to the public, a work of such sterling merit. It is one of those propitious circumstances on which he may, perhaps, be permitted innocently to congratulate himself—the prospect of having his career, as a publisher, crowned with an edition of a book so sacred, and by the labours of a Commentator of such celebrity.

In order to secure the confidence of the reader, who is not familiarly ac

office of first lieutenant of a line-of-battle ship off quainted with the Biblical Writings of Dr. Clarke, it may be necessary briefly

t takes the same stand among the works of other commentators, that Dr. Johnson's Dictionary occupies among the works of other English lexicogra phers. Like an encyclopædia, it is a library of itself.

The learning and criticisms with which the notes abound, render the work a proper companion for the general scholar; of which no other proof is necessary, than the fact of the work being quoted as an authority by the learned-a com

to advert to his preparations for the undertaking of a work of such magnitude, and the obstacles he conquered in the prosecution of a Commentary on the Holy Scriptures. His own record of this is simple, lucid, and interesting. "At an early age I took for my motto, Proverbs xviii. 1. Through desire, a man, having separated himself, seeketh and intermeddleth with all wisdom.' Being convinced that the Bible was the source whence all the principles of true wisdom, wherever found in the world, had been derived, my desire to compre-pliment generally reserved for the great after their demise, but which Dr. hend adequately its great design, and to penetrate the meaning of all its parts, Clarke commanded while living, and had it dealt out to him with liberality. led me to separate myself from every pursuit that did not lead, at least in- The divine, especially, will find himself amply repaid by a perusal of its pages; directly, to the accomplishment of this end; and while seeking and intermed- and though modestly designated by the Dr., "A Help to the better Underdling with different branches of human knowledge, I put each study understanding of the Sacred Writings," he will obtain such aid there as no other contribution to the object of my pursuit: endeavouring to make everything source can so amply afford. It is a treasury, in which are to be found "things subservient to the information of my own mind, that, as far as Divine Provi- new and old;” a magazine, in which the author has deposited knowledge, which dence might think proper to employ me, I might be the better qualified to instruct he has brought "from afar." Adapted however as it is for the scholar and others. At first, I read and studied, scarcely committing anything to paper, the Christian minister, it would have been a reflection upon the writer, as well having my own edification alone in view, as I could not then hope that any as have greatly curtailed the usefulness of his labours, if he had not had an eye thing I wrote could be of sufficient importance to engage the attention or pro-to the general good of man. He has been careful, therefore, not to exclude mote the welfare of the public. But, as I proceded, I thought it best to note from among his readers the less educated of his fellow-creatures. The poor down the result of my studies, especially as far as they related to the Sep-man may take up the work and peruse it with profit in private; the head of a tuagint, which, about the year 1785, I began to read regularly, in order to acquaint myself more fully with the phraseology of the New Testament; as I found that this truly venerable Version was that to which our blessed Lord and his Apostles had constant recourse, and from which they made all their quotations. The study of this Version served more to illuminate and expand my mind than all the theological works I had ever consulted. I had proceeded but a short way in it before I was convinced that the prejudices against it were utterly unfounded, and that it was of incalculable advantage toward a proper understanding of the literal sense of Scripture. About nine years after this, my health having been greatly impaired by the severity of my labours, and fearing that I should soon be obliged to relinquish my public employment, I formed the purpose of writing short Notes on the New Testament, collating the common printed text with all the MSS. and collections from MSS. to which I could have access. Scarcely had I projected this work, when I was convinced that another was previously necessary, viz. a careful perusal of the original Text. I began this; and soon found that it was perfectly possible to read, and not to understand. Under this conviction, I sat down, determining to translate the whole before I attempted any comment, that I might have the Sacred Text the more deeply impressed on my memory.

family will find it an admirable means of instruction for his household. In this
are perceived both the wisdom and piety of the author. Hence be remarks,
"Having endeavoured to set many things and words in a more striking point
of view than is ordinarily done, I have, of course, been obliged to introduce
those words from the originals on which my criticisms are founded. But, in
this I have studied to be as plain and intelligible as possible. The most unin-
formed reader cannot stumble at anything of this kind he may meet; for,
though these terms are printed in the characters of their respective languages, I
have taken care to give the true reading of each in European letters; and I in-
troduce nothing without a translation." This renders the work peculiarly
valuable, and confers upon it such a character, that it may not be improperly
styled "Every Man's Book ;" and the more so, when it is considered, agreeably
to the Dr.'s own statement, that the controversies among religious people are
rarely noticed; having seldom referred to the creed of any sect or party of
Christians, and never produced an opinion merely for the sake of establishing
it, or appending to it its confutation. "I simply," says he, "propose what I
believe to be the meaning of a passage; and maintain what I believe to be the
truth, but scarcely ever in a controversial way. I think it quite possible to
give my own views of the doctrines of the Bible, without introducing a single
sentence at which any Christian might reasonably take offence. And I hope
that no provocation which I may receive shall induce me to depart from this
line of conduct." Here, then, is a work properly for the Christian world.
The necessity of a new edition of this work will appear from a variety of con.
siderations; two of the principal of which are-a long and pressing demand for
it on the part of the public, and the circumstance of there not being a single
complete copy in the hands of the publisher to meet that demand. Only one
edition has been published; the price was high, 147. for the small copy, and 234.
for the large its sale was chiefly confined to the religious body to whom the
author and the publisher belonged, leaving the general market of the great
London houses untouched, except where the real merit of the work had forced
for itself a passage among the reading public at large; to satisfy the demands
of which the edition was inadequate. Add to this, that the paper was very
unequal, having been bought at different periods, owing, chiefly, to its pro-
tracted publication. Yet, high as was the price, and inferior in many instances
as was the paper, the edition, which was very large, met with eager purchasers.
The superiority of the present edition over the one already published will
consist in:

1. Its uniformity. The whole will be stereotyped, and the paper will be much
better in quality, and equal in colour throughout the impression.
2. Its portability. The publisher intends to present it to the purchasers in
the royal octavo size.

3. Its cheapness. Being intended to be offered at less than one-half the price of the original edition.

"1 accordingly began my translation in June, 1794, and finished it in May, 1795; collating the original Text with all the ancient and with several of the modern Versions; carefully weighing the value of the most important various readings found in those, and in the most authentic copies of the Greek Text. A worse state of health ensuing, I was obliged to remit almost all application to study, and the work was thrown aside for nearly two years; having returned to it-when a state of comparative convalescence took place-I found I had not gone through the whole of my preliminary work. The New Testament, I plainly зaw, was a comment on the Old; and to understand such a comment, I knew it was absolutely necessary to be well acquainted with the Text. I then formed the plan of reading, consecutively, a portion of the Hebrew Bible daily. Accordingly, in January, 1797, I began to read the original Text of the Old Testament, noting down on the different books, chapters, and verses, such things as appeared to me of most importance; intending the work as an outline for one on a more extensive scale, should it please God to spare my life, and give me health and leisure to complete it. This preliminary work I finished in March, 1798, having spent in it a little more than one year and two months; in which time I translated every sentence, Hebrew and Chaldee, in the Old Testament. In such a work, it would be absurd to pretend that I had not met with difficulties. I was attempting to illustrate the most ancient and most learne.t book in the universe, replete with allusions to arts that are lost-to nations that are extinct-to customs that are no longer ob. served-and abounding in modes of speech and turns of phraseology, which can only be traced out through the medium of the cognate Asiatic languages. On these accounts I was often much perplexed, but I could not proceed till I had done the utmost in my power to make everything plain. The frequent occurrence of such difficulties led me closely to examine and compare all the original Texts and Versions; and from these, especially the Samaritan, Chaldec, Tar-new copyright." Happily, for the sake of Biblical Literature, the Dr. had the gums, Septuagint, and Vulgate, I derived the most assistance; though all the rest contributed their quota in cases of difficulty. "On May 1, 1798, almost as soon as this work was finished, I began my comment on the four Gospels; and notwithstanding the preparations already made, and my indefatigable application, early and late, to the work, I did not reach the end of the fourth Evangelist, till November in the following year." Such is Dr. Clarke's own account of the rise and progress of the work now offered to the public; and as the mind, that could at once perceive and take within its grasp the various difficulties thus specified, must have been deeply impressed with its importance, so the heart that could resolutely set itself to the task of surmounting them, showed a daring rarely equalled in literary toil. 6. Persons desirous of becoming Subscribers to Dr. Adam Clarke's CommenThe Preface alone-though only a tithe of what he had contemplated, and ex-tary are requested to apply to the Publishers, or their agents, or to the Bookclusive of his Bibliographical Dictionary, Miscellany, and Succession of Sacred seller they are in the habit of dealing with. Literature, displays an instance of varied and extensive reading but seldom ex- London: printed for T. T. and J. Tegg, 73, Cheapside; R. Griffin and Co., hibited, and is no insignificant proof of his qualifications for the work he had Glasgow; J. Everett, Market-street, Manchester; and A. C. Baynes, Churchundertaken. While his plan-which is dissimilar to all others, evinces the ori-street, Liverpool. ginality of his mind, the execution of its various parts is an attestation of its acuteness, energy, and comprehensiveness. To the work, as a whole, the complimentary address of David to the priest, in reference to the sword of Goliah, may be very properly applied, "There is none like" it. Without at all attempting to depreciate the value of others, which possess different degrees of merit,

4. Its correctness. Inform Mr. Tegg," said the Dr. to his friend, "that it will not be to him a second-hand edition, for the multitudinous emendations and corrections, from the author's own and last hand, will give him a complete

whole ready for the press a short time before he died; and in that finished state, with all the corrections, and with whatever additional matter he saw proper to introduce, the work is to be presented to the public.

5. The 4to. edition, of which, it has been stated, a very limited number of copies will be printed, would, because of its rarity and beauty, be an extremely valuable work for a parent to leave as a legacy to his child, upon whose mind he wished to impress his own views of the importance of Evangelical Truth, as well as be the means of leading to its perusal; and thus, by becoming heir to such a boon, may finally become, through that perusal, an inheritor of the kingdom of God, and an heir of a glorious immortality.

Published by J. ONWHYN, 4, Catherine-street, by whom it is supplied to al parts of the United Kingdom, (as well as abroad,) either directly or through Booksellers 'parcels.

J. and C. ADLARD, Printers, Bartholomew-close

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And Journal of Literature, Science, Music, Theatricals, and the Fine Arts.
No. 18.
SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1833.

This Journal is Edited by F. W. N. BAYLEY, Esq. the late Editor and Originator of The National Omnibus," the first of the cheap Publications; assisted by the most eminent Literary Men of the Day.

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS.

History of Europe during the French Re-
volution; embracing the Period from the
Assembly of the Notables, in MDCCLXXXIX.
to the establishment of the Directory, in
MDCCXCV. By Archibald Alison, F.R.S.E.
Advocate. 2 vols. 8vo. Blackwood.
THE French Revolution has now become
matter of history; and beyond that, of all
other events, whether in ancient or modern
times, its history is fraught with the most im-
portant instruction, as well as the most fear-
ful interest.

France, which had carried the principle of loyalty even to servility, not only abolished regal power, but made the persecution of royalty the test of patriotism;-France, which had prided itself on its chivalrous devotion to the female sex, assailed lovely and unoffending women with insult and outrage, and poured out their blood like water;-France, which boasted of having attained a higher degree of civilization than any other nation on the face of the earth, made its towns and villages the scenes of carnage and cruelty unparalleled in the most barbarous times. Everything assumed an unnatural position: the rich and the noble seemed to disregard the advantages which fortune had conferred upon them, and tamely abandoned the institutions which were the outworks of their privileges. The lowest, the most ignorant, the vilest of the rabble, suddenly assumed the functions of statesmen and legislators, and, strange to say, were permitted to exercise them. The most appalling horrors were associated with the most ridiculous buffoonery. Scenes, of which even to read, is intensely painful, and which, to behold, might be expected to blast the eye and wither the heart, were, to the monsters engaged in them, the means of frantic exhilaration. It is difficult to think of such things as real events: they seem rather the dreams of some grossly-distempered imagination; than human beings; and the whole drama the actors resemble grotesque demons rather suggests the idea of a harlequinade in Pandemonium.

The consequences of this fearful irruption of evil are no less striking. Not only has France been revolutionized aud re-revolutionized, but in every country of Europe the machine of state has been deranged in a greater or less degree. Even European limits have been found too small for the mighty spirit of change. The plains of Egypt have been trodden by revolutionary

warriors, and the Andes of South America strike their roots amidst a people, nominally republicans, practically brigands.

As yet we see only a part (possibly a small part) of those changes, of which the French revolution is destined to be the parent. The spirit of innovation still walks the earth; somewhat altered in character, somewhat less bold and extravagant perhaps; but quite as active and more insinuating, than when, forty years ago, it issued forth in the vigour and rashness of youth, breaking down the mounds of civilization, and deluging the earth with the waters of bitterness. To arrest its course is perhaps impossible-to divert it may not be difficult; but whether for good or for evil, the French revolution will continue for centuries to exercise an influence upon the fortunes of mankind, the extent of which no human sagacity can calculate.

"The great danger," says Mr. Alison, to avail themselves of the means of resist in setting the ideas of men afloat upon ance in their power, and which were recogpolitical subjects, consists in the multitude nized in the declaration of rights. The who can think, compared to the few who cau petition declared The people are ready; think correctly; in the rapidity with which they are fully prepared to have recourse to the most stable institutions can be over- any measures to put in force the second artiturned,compared with the excessive slow rate cle of the Rights of Man,—resistance to opat which they can be restored." This truth pression. Let the small minority of your is awfully illustrated by the progress of the body, who do not participate in their sentiFrench revolution. On the 5th of May, ments, deliver the earth from their presence, 1789, it commenced by the meeting of the and retire to Coblentz. Examine the canses states-general, in which, by Neckar's dupli- of our sufferings: if they flow from the royal cation of the number of deputies from the authority, let it be annihilated. The execü. Tiers Etat, a decided preponderance was tive power,' it concluded, 'is at variance given to the democratic party. A large pro- with you. We desire no other proof than portion of the deputies were of that descrip- the dismissal of the popular ministers. Does tion which, from the days of Absalom down- the happiness of the people th n depend on wards, has always been ready for change. In the caprice of the sovereign? Should that such a state of things, it was obviously neces- sovereign have any other law thau the will sary that the different orders should meet of the people? The people are determined, The causes and conditions necessary to apart, and that each should have a negative and their pleasure outweighs the wishes of the production of this moral carthquake, upon the measures proposed by the other. crowned heads. They are the oak of the present an equally curious and interesting The Commons, however, resisted this ar- forest; the royal sapling must bend beneath study. They were accumulating for a long rangement, and constituted themselves a Na- its brauches. We complain of the inactivity period of years, during which an enlightened tional Assembly. They subsequently pledged of our armies, we call upon you to investiobserver of the signs of the times must have themselves never to separate till the consti-gate its causes; if it arises from the execu discerned that something extraordinary was tution of the kingdom and the regeneration tive power, that it be instantly aunihilated." approaching. Some remains of feudality, of public order were established on a solid ill adapted to an age when commerce and basis. A contest with the crown was the population had so widely extended-the result. The sovereign, while on the one atrocious profligacy of the court of Louis XV. hand he conceded all the elements of subwhere shame was unknown, and virtue was stantial freedom, on the other menaced the not sufficiently important even for a jest refractory deputies, if they refused obedience these things afforded the fuel. The philo-to the law. But his threats were disregarded. sophers applied the torch; and though the mass was slow in kindling, the extent and rapidity of the conflagration, when at last It broke out, attested how long the fire had smouldered in secret. History affords no stronger instance of that maduess which seizes those who are on the verge of destruction, than is to be found in the encouragement which the French nobility extended to the philosophers; and history records few things more instructive than the fearful re-rity. tribution which overtook them. That men From this time Paris became a scene of should secretly laugh at the distinctions of violence, terror, and blood. Outrage folrank and title, and yet desire to possess lowed outrage. The privileges of the nobithem, that they should regard the accumu-lity were annihilated; the property of the lation of property as a usurpation upon the church confiscated; the authority of the common rights of mankind, and yet wish to crown reduced to a shadow; and, while make an exception in favour of themselves, the opinions of men were steadily advancing "Overawed by the danger of their situpeed excite little surprise; but that any men to pure republicanism, the actual state of the ation, the Assembly received the petition with sufficient intellect to keep themselves kingdom rapidly approached to perfect anar- with indulgence, and permitted the mob to from under the carriage-wheels, should pub-chy. The army revolted, the nobility fled defile before them. A motley assemblage, licly mock at that from which they derived the country, the king yielded everything that now swelled to thirty thousand persons, men, all their importance; that the great and the was demanded of him, and the mob reigned women, and children, in the most squalid opulent should deride the gradations of rauk, supreme. One specimen which we shall attire, immediately passed through the hall, and abuse those of wealth, in the hearing of give from Mr. Alison will sufficiently illus-uttering furious cries, and displaying sedithe multitude, would be altogether incredi-trate the state of Paris at this frightful tious banners. They were headed by Santerre ble, were it not supported by facts too well period. aud the Marquis de Saint Huruques, with a authenticated, and too numerous, to admit of "On the 20th of June, a tumultuous body, drawn sabre in his hand. Immense tablets doubt. When the French nobility embraced ten thousand strong, secretly organized by were borne aloft, having inscribed on them the doctrines of the philosophers, it might Petion, mayor of Paris, set out from Faux-the Rights of Man;' others carried banners have been expected that they would scarcely bourg St. Antoine, and directed itself to-bearing as inscriptions, The Constitution or Death! Long live the Sausculottes ! At the end of one pike was placed a bleeding heart, with the inscription round it, The Heart of the Aristocracy. Multitudes of men and women, shaking alternately pikes and olive-branches above their heads, danced round these frightfuf emblems, singing the

venture to whisper them in their closets; but they proclaimed them in the highways. The people, of course, soon becaine as fashionable as the nobles; and from that moment the fate of the throne and all its bright appendages was decided. They fell before the victorious forces of philosophy.

"This revolutionary harangue was supported by the authors of the movement in the assembly. Guadet, a popular leader of the Gironde, exclaimed, Who will dare now to renew the bloody scene when, at the close of the Constituent Assembly, thousands of our fellow-citizens were slaughtered in the Champ The Assembly defied the power of the throne; de Mars, around the altar of France, where and the infamous Duke of Orleans, with they were renewing the most sacred of baths? forty-six members of the nobility, joined the If the people are violently alarmed, is it the Tiers Etat. The king, with characteristic part of their mandatories to refuse to hear weakness, now considered that he had re-them? Are hot the grievances we have just sisted long enough, and intimated his wish heard re-echoed from one end of France to the that the remainder of the nobility and clergy other? Is this the first time that in Paris the should follow the example of the Duke of conduct of the king, and the perfidy of his Orleans. They did so, and the privileged councils, have excited the public indignation? orders were lost in an overwhelming majo-You have heard the petitioners express then. selves with candour, but with the firmness that becomes a free people.' It was thus that the Girondists encouraged the populace in their attempts to intimidate the government; before a year had expired, on the same spot, they fell a victim to the violence which they now excited.

wards the assembly. It was the first attempt
to overawe the legislature by the display of
mere brute force. The deputation was in
troduced into the hall, while the doors were
besieged by a clamorous multitude. They
spoke in the most violent and menacing
manner, declaring that they were resolved