eight-point program for the peaceful unification of Korea put forward by the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on April 12, 1971, and the stand for the abolition of the "U. N. Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea." It firmly opposes the revival and outward expansion of Japanese militarism and firmly supports the Japanese people's desire to build an independent, democratic, peaceful and neutral Japan. It firmly maintains that India and Pakistan should, in accordance with the United Nations resolutions on the India-Pakistan question, immediately withdraw all their forces to their respective territories and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir and firmly supports the Pakistan Government and people in their struggle to preserve their independence and sovereignty and the people of Jammu and Kashmir in their struggle for the right of self-determination. "There are essential differences between China and the United States in their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides agreed that countries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations on the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, non-aggression against other states, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. International disputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use of threat of force. The United States and the People's Republic of China are prepared to apply these principles to their mutual relations. "With these principles of international relations in mind the two sides stated that: -- progress toward the normalization of relations between -- both wish to reduce the danger of international military neither should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf of any kind of third party or to enter into agreements or understandings "Both sides are of the view that it would be against the interests of the peoples of the world for any major country to collude with another against other countries, or for major countries to divide up the world into spheres of interest. "The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between China and the United States. The Chinese side reaffirmed its position: The Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States: the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the mother-land; the liberation of Taiwan is China's internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all U. S. forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of "one China, one Taiwan, " "one China, two governments, " "two Chinas," and "independent Taiwan" or advocate that "the status of Taiwan remains to be determined. " "The U. S. side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. With this prospect in mind, it affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all U. S. forces and military installations from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progressively reduce its force and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area diminishes. "The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the understanding between the two peoples. To this end, they discussed specific areas in such fields as science, technology, culture, sports and journalism, in which people-to-people contacts and exchanges would be mutually beneficial. Each side undertakes to facilitate the further development of such contacts and exchanges. "Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two countries. "The two sides agreed that they will stay in contact through various channels, including the sending of a senior U. S. representative to Peking from time to time for concrete consultations to further the normalization of relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues of common interest. "The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries. They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.. "President Nixon, Mrs. Nixon and the American party expressed their appreciation for the gracious hospitality shown them by the Government and people of the People's Republic of China. Reading List 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Harding, Harry, Jr., "China: The Uncertain Future, Heine, Irwin M. "Red China: The New Maritime Superpower, 11 Laurie, James and Leader, Stefan. "Coming to Terms with Two Chinas," Far Eastern Economic Review, Vol LXXXVII (January 24, 1975), pp. 22-24. "China's Views on Major Issues of World Population, UN "Taiwan, Our Hardy Perennial Problem," John K. Fairbanks, pp. 16-20. Foreign Service Journal, September 1974. "China '74 Focus," Special Section, pp. 5-52, Far Eastern "Peoples China: 25 Years," (Series of 7 Articles) pp 1-51, John K. Fairbanks, China Talks. Harvard University Press, Reading List PROBLEMS of NATIONAL SECURITY 1. Current History. A monthly magazine of world affairs. All issues. New York. 2. Knorr, Klaus E. Power and Wealth. New York: Basic Books, 1973. 3. Moosbrugger, Bernhard and Weigner, Gladys. Voice of the Third World. Paramus, N.J.: Paulist - Newman, 1972. 4. Secretary of State. United States Foreign Policy, 1972. Wash ington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973. 5. Trager, Frank N. and Kronenberg, Philip S. National Security and American Society. Kansas: Univ. of Kansas Press, 1973. 6. Walton, Richard J. Congress and American Foreign Policy: the Presidential-Congressional Struggle. New York: Parents, 1972. 7. Wolf, Alvin. Foreign Policy: intervention, involvement or isolation? Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970. |