ÆäÀÌÁö À̹ÌÁö
PDF
ePub

"The results of the talks provided a convincing demonstration of the practical value of Soviet-American summit meetings and their exceptional importance in the shaping of a new relationship between the United States of America and the Soviet Union.

"President Ford reaffirmed the invitation to L. I. Brezhnev to pay an official visit to the United States in 1975. The exact date of the visit will be agreed upon later.

[blocks in formation]

1

Reading List

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Jukes, Goeffrey. Indian Ocean in Soviet Naval Policy. London:
International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1972.

Hardt, John Pearce. US/Soviet Commercial Relations.
Washington, D. C., GPO., 1973.

Medvedev, Roy Aleksandrovich. Let History Judge. New
York: Knopf, 1971.

Polmar, Norman. Soviet Naval Power. New York: National
Strategy Information Center, 1972.

Reddaway, Peter. Uncensored Russia. New York: American
Heritage Press. 1972.

The Sino-Soviet Dispute. New York: Scribners, 1969.

6.

7.

Wolfgang, Marvin E.

8.

9.

10.

11.

USA- USSR; Agenda for Communications. Philadelphia, American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1974.

Barron, John. KGB The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents.
New York, Readers Digest Press 1974.

Steibel, Gerald Lee. How Can We Negotiate with the Communists! New York: National Strategy Information Center, 1972.

Talbot, Strobe, ed. Khrushchev Remembers. Boston, Mass.:
Little, Brown, 1970.

Whiting, Kenneth R. Development of the Soviet Armed Forces, 1917-1972. Maxwell AFB, Ala. : Air University, 1972.

SPACE EXPLORATION

The United States space program benefits man in many ways: through new knowledge, improved weather forecasting, better global communications and new products, processes, and techniques applicable to industry, medicine and education, among others.

NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, supervises the efforts that have, so far, placed America's astronauts "out of this world." Its principal facilities are described below:

NASA Headquarters, Washington, D. C. formulates policy and coordinates the activities of the space flight centers, research centers, and other installations which comprise the Nateional Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California is concerned with laboratory and flight research in space missions and in aeronautics. The fields of space interest include atmosphere entry research, fundamental physics, materials, guidance and control, chemistry and life sciences. Ames aeronautical research includes the areas of supersonic flight, V/STOL aircraft and operational problems. The space flight projects involve management of scientific probes and satellites, and payloads for flight experiments.

Flight Research Center, Edwards, California is concerned with manned flight within and outside the atmosphere, including low-speed, supersonic, hypersonic and reentry flight, and aircraft operations and safety problems. Examples of its studies are lifting bodies (wingless vehicles whose bodies provide lift in the atmosphere) and man-machine integration.

Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, named for the rocket pioneer, Dr. Robert H. Goddard, is responsible for the development and management of a broad variety of unmanned Earth-orbiting satellite and sounding rockets projects. Among its major projects are Orbiting Observatories, Explorers, Nimbus, Applications Technology Satellites, and Earth Resources Technology Satellites. Goddard is also the nerve center for the worldwide tracking and communications network for both manned and unmanned satellites.

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California is operated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by the California Institute of Technology. The Laboratory's primary role is the investigation of the planets, using automated scientific spacecraft. Jet Propulsion Laboratory is also responsible to NASA for supporting research and advanced development related to flight projects and the design and operation of the Deep Space Network, which tracks, communicates with, and commands spacecraft on lunar, interplanetary, and planetary missions.

John F. Kennedy Space Center, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, the Nation's first spaceport, makes preflight tests, prepares, and launches manned and unmanned space vehicles for NASA. Manned Apollo missions, unmanned planetary, and interplanetary missions, and scientific meteorological, and communications satellites are launched by Kennedy Space Center. Some launches are from the Pacific Coast; these are conducted by the KSC Western Test Range Operations Division at Lompoc, California.

Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia is the oldest of the NASA Centers. Langley has the task of providing technology for manned and unmanned exploration of space and for improvement and extension of performance, utility and safety of aircraft. The major technical areas of Langley are theoretical and experimental dynamics of flight through the entire speed range, flight mechanics, materials and structures, space mechanics, instrumentation, solid rocket technology, and advanced huper sonic engine research. The Center conceives, develops and operates simulators for aircraft and for lunar landing projects, and conducts V/STOL flight research. The Center is charged with overall project management for Viking, the proposed flight to Mars.

Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, has as its major missions aircraft and rocket propulsion and space power generation. Related fields of investigation include materials and metallurgy and problems concerned with materials at extremely high and low temperatures. The Center is active in combustion and direct energy conversion; chemical, nuclear and electric rocket propulsion

systems; advanced turbojet power plants; fuels and lubricants; and plasmas and magnetodydrodynamics.

Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas has the responsibility for the design, development, and testing of manned spacecraft and associated systems; the selection and training of astronauts; and operation of manned space flights. Mission control for manned space flights is at this space center.

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama. Launch vehicles essential to Apollo and other major missions are designed and developed by the scientists and engineers of the Center, and it is concerned with launch vehicles of the Saturn class, as well as payloads, related research and studies of advanced space transportation systems. The center was responsible for development of Skylab components.

Α

Wallops Flight Center, Wallops Island, Virginia, located on Virginia's eastern shore, is one of the oldest and busiest ranges in the world. Some 300 experiments are sent aloft each year on vehicles which vary in size from small meteorological rockets to the four-stage Scout with orbital capability. The launches increase knowledge of the upper atmosphere and the space environment. sizeable portion of Wallops' effort is devoted to aeronautical research and development and in exporting this Nation's space technology to the international community. Wallops' geographical location makes it a valuable center for aircraft sensing of the Earth's environment.

The Department of Defense has a substantial interest in space operations and technology. The following summary is excerpted from testimony by Dr. Malcolm R. Currie, Director of Defense Research and Engineering, before the House Armed Services Committee on February 21, 1975.

"Space Systems are playing an ever increasing role in supporting our forces in their global operations. Although most of our space systems are now designed and used for strategic applications, we expect their importance to our tactical forces to grow and become paramount in the next decade. For the time being. however, space systems are most important to our strategic forces....

"Space systems perform vital defense functions. They are superb for early warning of Soviet and Chinese rocket launches. They provide us with highly reliable and relatively inexpensive worldwide communications, meteorology, geodesy, navigation,

« ÀÌÀü°è¼Ó »